In this paper, we reviewed the progress in the study of the therapeutic HBV DNA vaccine, particularly on the evidences for its therapeutic effect, its mechanism of action, and to compare it with the traditional vaccines, etc. We also presented our research results on the therapeutic HBV DNA vaccine, and evaluated its clinical effect and characteristics objectively.

Objective To explore the persistent cerebrospinal fluid drainage and intrathecal injection of urokinase in prevention and treatment of cerebral vasospasm after aneurysm surgery.Methods The effect of prevention and treatment of cerebral vasospasm after aneurysm surgery in 40 patients, using the method combined with intrathecal injection of urine kinase for persistent cerebrospinal fluid drainage, and classified as the observation group;the other 40 cases patients with persistent cerebrospinal fluid drainage intervention, and classified as the control group, two groups of patients were in Shandong Provincial Hospital from January 2016 to January 2017.Results The incidence of rebleeding in two groups had no significant difference in observation of cerebral vasospasm in patients with the incidence was significantly lower than the control group, the observation The incidence of cerebral vasospasm group was 15.0%, 37.5% in the control group, compared two groups of patients with the prognosis, the obvious observation group of patients with good prognosis, comparison between groups showed significantly(P<0.05).Conclusion Persistent cerebrospinal fluid drainage and intrathecal injection of urokinase on the clinical study of postoperative cerebral vasospasm aneurysm found the simple, compared with continuous drainage of cerebrospinal fluid, can improve the clinical condition of patients, and promote the recovery of patients, reduce cerebral vascular spasm, so it is worthy of reference.

In this study,we constructed 2 eukaryotic expressing plasmids namely pcS2?S and pFP,encoding HBV preS2+S envelope protein and human IL 2/IFN ? fusion protein, respectively. The double plasmid fusion protein was used as an adjuvant in preparation of a treatment type HBV gene vaccine. To investigate its feasibility for use as a therapeutic DNA vaccine, we've evaluated the immune response after injection into healthy mice, HBV transgenic(Tg) mice, New Zealand rabbits and Rhesus monkeys. The results showed that the therapeutic DNA vaccine can improve: (1)the CTL activity; (2)the HBsAg(30?g/ml) specific T lymphocyte proliferation in which the stimulation index(SI) and cytokines(IL 2/IFN r) release levels of the pS2.S immunized group(SI=5.6?0.9; 226.3?41.1/51.1?7.1pg/ml) were significantly higher( P

To evaluate the immune response and safety of the therapeutic DNA vaccine against the hepatitis B virus in rhesus macaques immunized by intramuscular injection of therapeutic DNA vaccine combined with electroporation. HBV DNA vaccine was administered to rhesus macaques by repeated intramuscular injections combined with electroporation in doses of 0 2,1 and 2mg, monthly for three consecutive months. The anti HBs antibody level was used to evaluate the efficacy of induction of humoral immunity. After that, the vaccine was intramuscularly injected daily in the same dose for six days to evaluate its safety. It was found that immunization with the therapeutic DNA vaccine against hepatitis B virus by means of intramuscular injections combined with electroporation induced a strong and specific anti HBs humoral immune response in rhesus macaques.Nine repeated intramuscular injections of the vaccine did not show adverse effects on behaviors, hematology, blood chemistry, and histopathology. No evidences of autoimmune mediated pathology and anti nuclear antibodies were observed in the rhesus macaques. These results suggested that electroporation significantly improves the efficacy of the therapeutic HBV DNA vaccine in rhesus macaques.The vaccine is safe and well tolerated.

The peptides from HBV cytotoxic T lymphocyte(CTL) epitope were used to either stimulate or impact the immune effector (E) or CTL target (T) cells respectively, in order to investigate the cellular immune response induced by DNA vaccination in both healthy and HBV transgenic (Tg) mice. It was found that HBV DNA based immunization could induce CTL activity in healthy BALB/c mice, with intensity correlated with the E/T ratio and IFN ? secretion level in its supernatants. The target cells hit by HBsAg CTL epitope peptide(pp20) could be lysed by the active CTL induced by HBV DNA vaccine encoding preS2 and HBsAg, while the cell lysis could not be observed in the target cells impacted by the HBcAg CTL epitope peptide (pp10). The supernatant IL 12 secretion level (211 3?39 8pg?ml -1 ) in the DNA vaccination group was significantly( P

Objective To investigate the classification and its application in one-stage repair of massive posttraumatic bone defects which are infection-induced and refractory in lower extremities. Methods From March 2002 to December 2008, we treated 42 patients with massive posttraumatic refractory infection-induced bone defects in lower extremities. We classified the defects into 3 types: simple massive infection-induced bone defects (type Ⅰ), massive infection-induced bone and soft-tissue defects (type Ⅱ) and massive infection-induced bone defects plus limb shortening (type Ⅲ). After thorough debridement, various types of vascularized fibular grafts were used to repair the 3 kinds of defects accordingly. Simple fibular grafts were used in 6 cases, transplantation with fibular and skin flaps was used in 31 cases, fibular grafts combined with anterior lateral thigh flap in 4 cases, and one-stage limb lengthening and fibular graft in one. Results The follow-ups of 6 to 41 (average, 26. 3) months revealed that the refractory bone defects were repaired successfully in 38 cases, amputation due to necrosis of fibular grafts in 2 cases and uncontrolled infection in 2 cases. In the 38 cases, infections were controlled effectively, circulation of the traumatic limbs was good,contour and function were restored satisfactorily, and no obvious complication was found in donor limbs. By Johner-Wruhs evaluation, 17 cases were excellent, 18 cases good, 3 cases fair and 4 cases poor, with a total excellent and good rate of 83.33%. Conclusions Refractory and massive posttraumatic infection-induced bone defects in lower extremities can be classified into 3 types. They can be repaired using various types of vascularized fibular grafts according to the defect types at one-stage.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss how to carry out clinical pharmacy in second-class medical institution.METHODS:The contents,methods and experience of implementing clinical pharmacy in our hospital in recent 6 years were summarized.RESULTS:The practice such as reorganizing departments,training professionals,pharmacists' ward round,providing information services and supervising of ADR etc facilitated the combination of medicine and pharmacy,enhanced the quality of medical treatment and shed insights into the exploring of a suitable clinical pharmacy mode.CONCLUSION:The support of policy and the training of clinical pharmacists are essential factors for the successful clinical pharmacy.

Objective:In order to obtain safer HBV DNA vaccine,recombinant kanamycin resistance eukaryotic expression plasmid containing the gene of HBV surface antigen was constructed and used to study humoral immune response in BALB/c mice.Methods:HBV antigen middle protein(preS2+S) encoding gene fragment was isolated from the recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA-S 2S;subcloned into eukaryotic expression vector pVAX1.After confirmed the presence of the gene by restriction endonuclease analysis,it was used to immunize the healthy BALB/c mice at different doses,and the levels of anti-HBs in serum was determined by ELISA.Results:Restriction endonuclease analysis confirmed recombinant plasmid pVAX-S 2S was what was expected.Serum anti-HBs was detected at the 2nd week after DNA vaccination at all three doses(100 ?g,50 ?g,10 ?g per mice)and their titers were increased with time.Quantitative comparison of the serum anti-HBs levels revealed significant(P

Objective To observe protective effects of four active liposoluble alkaloids of a Chinese herb, lotusine (Lot), liensinine (Lien), isoliensinine (Iso) and neferine (Nef) of embryo loti (the green embryo), against H2 O2-induced oxidative damage on human umbilical vascular endothelial cell ECV-304.Methods The protective effects of Lot, Lien, Iso and Nef on the survival of normal and oxidatively damaged ECV 304 cells were studied by cell morphology observation and 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay.The levels of nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthase ( NOS) were measured using colorimetric assay.Results Lot, Lien, Iso and Nef did not affect cell morphology and cell viability of normal ECV 304 cells.The survival of oxidative damaged vascular endothelial cells was rescued by incubating with Lot at 100μmol/L, and Lien, Iso and Nef at 0.1 μmol/L.The proliferative activity of medicated groups increased to 112.8%, 129.3%, 125.6 and 118.2%, respectively (P<0.01 or 0.05), relative to that of the group with H2O2 induced oxidative damage.The four alkaloids restrained oxidative injury of endothelial cells induced by H2 O2 and the protective influences were similar with captopril, which served as a positive control.Each alkaloid except Lot reduced intercellular space and increased the connections of oxidative damaged cells, concomitant with more recognizable cell borders.Lien, Iso and Nef also increased the concentration of NO ( P<0.05 ) .Besides, all of the four alkaloids activated NOS in damaged vascular endothelial cells ( P<0.05 ) . Conclusion The four alkaloids of embryo loti, especially Lien, Iso and Nef, have certain protective effects against H2 O2-induced oxidative damage on vascular endothelial cells.The protective mechanism may be promotion of NO release through the increase of NOS production.