BACKGROUND: The structural and functional changes in resistance arteriole of external diameter ＜300 μm is one of the pathological foundations for ischemic cerebrovascular diseases, however there are few quantitative study on the arterioles of various external diameter at different brain area.OBJECTIVE: To probe the difference of arteriolar sclerosis of various external diameter at different brain area after cerebral infarction.DESIGN: Sample investigation.SETTING: Department of Nerve Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Beijing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.SUBJECTS: Specimen was taken from donated autopsy case in General Hospital of Beijing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from January 1980 to September 2000. According to the clinical manifestation, brain CT inspection and pathological diagnosis of autopsy, 38 cases were defined as arteriosclerosis cerebral infarction and taken as experimental group, other 15 cases with non-cardiac cerebrovascular disease were taken as controls.METHODS: specimen was obtained in 1-3 days after death from frontal and parietal cerebral cortex and basal gonglion white matters (3 pieces /case) and cut into slices. Five fields of vision were selected from each slice for microscopic observation. Arteriole was divided into ＜ 50 μm group,50-100 μm group and ＞100 μm group according to the arteriole external diameter. (External diameter- internal diameter)/internal diameter was used to assess vascular sclerosis.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: [1] Difference of arteriole sclerosis between corresponding external diameter cerebral infarction group and control group. [2] Arteriole sclerosis in various brain region in cerebral infarction group.RESULTS: Totally 38 experimental cases died from arteriosclerosis cerebral infarction and 15 controls died from non-cardiac cerebrovascular disease were enrolled and all data was entered the result analysis. [1] The arteriolar sclerosis index was obviously higher in ＜ 50 μm external diameter cerebral infarction group than in 50-100 μm group and ＞100 μm group[(138.55±76.67)% vs (116.82±58.80)%, (78.07±32.06)%, P ＜ 0.01], while it was approximately the same in the 100 μm external diameter group and control group [(78.07±32.06)% vs (46.38±13.41)%, P=0.174 ]. [2] In ＜ 50 μm external diameter cerebral infarction group, the arteriolar sclerosis index in white matters was significantly higher than that in gray matter [(152.86±87.83)%,(127.97±64.76)%, P ＜ 0.05 ].CONCLUSION: Arteriolar sclerosis degree is correlated with its external diameter and position in patients with cerebral infarction after arteriosclerosis, arteriole of small external diameter or in the white matter has higher arteriolesclerosis liability.

Objective To investigate the effect of Hydroxychloroquine plus Leflunomide on the lipid profile and disease activity index in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods A total of 140 elderly patients with RA who met the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria were treated with Hydroxychloroquine (Group A,n =70) or leflunomide combined with hydroxychloroquine (Group B,n=70),and 100 healthy volunteers were selected as controls.The lipid profile was compared between the patient groups and control group.Lipid levels,Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28),erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured before treatment and 6 months after treatment between Group A and Group B.Results Compared with the control group,RA patients exhibited higher levels of total cholesterol (TC,P＜0.05),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C,P＜0.05) and triglycerides (TG,P＜0.01),and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C,P＜0.05).After 6 months of treatment,the disease activity index (DAS28,P＜0.01),the duration of morning stiffness (P＜0.01),ESR,CRP,swollen joint count (SJC) and tender joint count (TJC) decreased in RA patients,compared with controls (P＜0.01 or 0.05).HDL-C levels increased and LDL-C levels decreased in Groups A and B after treatment,compared with pretreatment (P＜0.05 for all).After treatment,TC levels decreased in Group B,compared with Group A (P＜ 0.05),while TG levels had no significant difference between the two groups (P＞0.05).TC and LDL-C levels,ESR,CRP,DAS28,SJC and TJC were lower in Group B than in Group A (all P＜0.05).Conclusions Hydroxychloroquine in combination with Leflunomide therapy can not only control inflammation but also improve the lipid profile,and is more effective than single-drug therapy.The combination may reduce the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events in patients with RA.

Different from conventional MRI, Diffusion-weighted(DW) magnetic resonance(MR)imaging is dependent on the molecular motion of water, and provides information on the physiologic state of the brain. In the diagnosis of acute cerebral infarction,the sensitivity is 94% and specificity is 100%. On MRDW imaging, the epidermoid tumors and cerebrospinal fluid or arachnoid cysts, subdura effusions and subdural empyemas,abscess cavities or empyemas and necrotic tumors could be differentiated accurately. MRDW imaging also provides adjunctive information for the diagnosis and evaluation of other cerebral diseases including neoplasms, intracranial infections, traumatic brain injury, and demyelinating processes. As a valuable technique, diffusion-weighted MR imaging should be considered an essential sequence on the diagnosis of brain stroke, and its use in most brain MR studies is recommended.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the detection of serological antibodies of Helicobacter pylori(HP) infection and the pathological features of gastric ulcer.Methods 228 cases of patients with gastric ulcer diagnosed by endoscopic biopsy(180 cases of benign ulcer and 48 cases of malignant ulcer) were enrolled in this study from January 2015 to October 2016.All subjects were given 14C-urea breath test.The positive rates of cytotoxin associated gene A(CagA),urease A(UreA),urease B(UreB),vacuolating toxin A(VacA) and flagellin antibodies in serum were determined by immunoblotting.The relationship between serum antibody level of Hp infection and pathologic features of gastric ulcer patients were analyzed.Results HP positive rate and type Ⅰ HP positive rate in malignant gastric ulcer group were significantly higher than those in benign gastric ulcer group(P<0.05).The positive rates of CagA,UreA,UreB,VacA and flagellin antibodies were significantly higher in patients with malignant gastric ulcer than those in benign gastric ulcer group(P<0.05).The positive rates of UreA,UreB,VacA and flagellin antibodies in patients with gastric ulcer area>2.0 cm2,severe mucosal inflammatory reaction and severe inflammatory reaction activity were higher(P<0.05).Conclusion The occurrence of gastric ulcer and progression of the disease could be related to the interaction of HP virulence factors.HP serological antibodies detection could help to classify patients with HP-positive gastric ulcer and formulate targeted prevention and treatment plan.

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of cyclin E in rectum carcinoma.Methods The expression of cyclin E was examined by immunohistochemical techniques in 42 cases of rectum carcinoma.Laboratory data were then analyzed statistically together with the related clinical and pathological data.Results The positive expression rate of cyclin E in rectum carcinoma was 66.7％(28/42).There was no significant association between cyclin E and gender,age,histological grade,pTNM stage,metastasis of lymph node (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The expression of cyclin E in rectum carcinoma is higher,and it may show highly associated with the occurrence and development of the rectum carcinoma.Cyclin E has no significant association with age,gender,histological grade,pTNM stage,metastasis of lymph

Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common physical disability in childhood, and severely affects child's development, but there is no effective treatment presently. It causes huge spire, economic burden for patients, families and society. With the development of perinatology, the mortality of neonates has decreased dramatically, but the morbidity of CP has shown rising trend. Therefore the treatment of CP has become the hot and hard spot for each national scientific research. At present the treatment of CP includes: medicine, operation, rehabilitation and other measurements. The main principle is detecting and treating in time. The prompt, long-term and regular rehabilitation training is the most fundamental measurement for the treatment of CP. The surgical, medical and other measurements can only create the condition for rehabilitation training or as supplementary method, but it can't substitute the rehabilitation training.

Objective To analyze the distribution and drug resistance situation of pathogens in the respiratory department during the recent 9 years to provide the basis for rational use of antibacterial drugs in clinic .Methods All pathogens isolated from the respiratory depeartment from January 2003 to December 2011 and the drug susceptibility test results were retrospectively and statistically analyzed .Results A total of 5 714 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated ,which mainly distributed in the sputum (90 .1% ) ,excrement (4 .2% ) and urine (3 .6% );among them ,2 943 strains (51 .5% ) were Gram‐negative bacteria ,596 strains (10 .4% ) were Gram‐positive bacteria and 2 175 strains (38 .1% ) were fungi .The top six of isolated bacteria were Candida albi‐cans ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,Acinetobacter baumannii ,Klebsiella pneumoniae ,Candida tropicalis and Escherichia coli .The isola‐tion rates of A .baumannii and C .albicans were increased year by year ,while the isolation rate of E .coli was decreased .A .baumannii and P .aeruginosa had a high resistant to all antibacterial drugs ,whereas the resistant rate of A .baumannii was increased year by year and that of P .aeruginosa showed some fluctuation .K .pneumoniae had a high susceptibility to imipenem and meropenem ,and the sensitivity to other antimicrobial agents had a gradually increasing tendency .The sensitive rate of C .albicans to amphotericin B was almost 100% ,and they had a high susceptible to other antifungal agents .Conclusion Drug resistance of the pathogens is com‐mon in the respiratory department .It is of importance to emphasize the pathologic examination ,carry out the surveillance of drug re‐sistance of pathogenic bacteria ,and use the antibacterial drugs rationally in clinical anti‐infective therapy .

Objective To investigate the clinical value of a newly designed surgical therapy for familial polyposis coli by severing the superior mesenteric artery&vein in order to make a complete lysis of the mesentery and an ileum pouch and the anal anastomosis within the entire muscular sheath of the rectum.Methods Six patients with familial polyposis coli(5 males and 1 female,aged 24-36 years)were admitted and underwent the procedure which was consisted of:(1)An incision was made in the left middle and lower parts of the rectus abdominis;(2)The greater omentum was retained and the large intestine was removed;(3)At the juncture of the sigmoid colon and the rectum,the muscular sheath was dissociated 0.5cm,the mucous membrane of the rectum was stripped in a revolving manner,the nourishing artery and vein in the membrane were exposed,and clamped and cut in sequence up to the anocutaneoue line;(4)The rectal mucous membrane was completely removed;(5)Under the right colonic artery,the superior mesenteric artery and vein were severed;(6)An N-,J-or W-shaped pouch was made in the ileum accordingly:(7)An anastomosis of the ileum pouch and the anal canal was made within the entire muscular sheath of the rectum,and a drainage was placed;(8)The mesostenium was fixed on the fight posterior abdomen,the small intestines were spread out to the right side,and the mesostenium was covered on the coarse surface of the colon bed:(9)A tube was placed in the left lower abdomen for a vacuum aspiration for 2 days after operation,combined with the suction drainage,to eliminate the pelvic effusions;and(10)The abdomen was closed.Results Patients were able to discriminate stools and flatus 3-7 days after operation.and the formed stools occurred 7-10 days after operation.Five patients were followed-up for 3-17 years,with averagely one defecation a day,with no night defecation and seepage.Urination was normal;In another one patient who underwent the procedure 4 months ago the defecation was twice a day,with no night defecation.All the 6 patients had normal autonomic nerve function and sexual function as well as normal defecation and urination,with no recurrence of polyposis coli or infection.The small bowel functions well with no ischemia related symptoms.Conclusion Cutting the superior mesenteric artery and vein and then making anastomosis of the ileum pouch and the anal canal within the muscular sheath of the rectum is a new surgical approach to familial polyposis coli.It is safe and significantly improves the patients' life quality.

Objective To assess the value of dual-source computed tomography angiography (DSCTA)in detecting intracranial aneurysms by comparing with conventional and three-dimensional DSA.Methods In this study,95 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH)underwent both DSCTA and DSA examination.The detection rate,size,and ratio of the neck to the dome(N/D ratio)of the aneurysrns were evaluated.Statistical analysis was performed using a paired sample Student's t-test for the comparisons of the value of N/D and 2 Related Samples test for long axis.Results A total of 67 aneurysms in 63 patients at DSA and 64 aneurysms in 60 patients at DSCTA were detected,respectively;whereas no aneurysm was detected in 32 patients at DSA.Compared with DSA,the overall sensitivity.specificity,positive predictive value,and negative predictive value of DSCTA on a per-aneurysm basis were 94.2%,100.0%,100.0%,and 91.4%,respectively.For the aneurysms larger than 3 mm,the sensitivity and specificity of DSCTA in detecting intracranial aneurysms were equal to those of DSA:For aneurysms smaller than 3 mm,however,the sensitivity and specificity of DSCTA is 80.0% and 100.0%.The N/D ratio for DSA and DSC:TA was 0.46±0.14 and 0.51±0.18.respectively,and the median of long axis was 4.9 mm and 4.8 mm.respectively.There was no significant difierence in the N/D ratio(t=3.20;P＞0.05)and the long axis(Z=-1.309;P＞0.05)between DSA and DSCT.Condusions Compared with conventional and three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography,DSCTA has high sensitivity and specificity in the detection of intracranial aneurysms,especially for detection of snlall aneurysnm(＜3 mm).It can be used as a routine screening technique.

Objective To study the effects of improved Wright-Giemsa staining. Methods 40 semen samples by both traditional and improved Wright-Giemsa staining.The morphological characteristics stained by two methods was ob-served. Results The defective rates of the middle and tail parts of sperm were 7.02%± 2.4%and 11.02%± 2.03%respec-tively in improved staining group;while those were 5.48%±2.8%and 8.05%±2.56%in traditional staining group. There was statistical significance between two staining methods (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference of normal sperm and sperm head between these two staining methods;however, improved staining method showed a much clearer nucleus and ac-rosome staining than that of traditional methods. Improved Wright-Giemsa staining is better for sperm, vaginal discharge and Trichomonas vaginalis. More importantly, axostyle and flagella were clearly stained with the improved method. Conclusion Improved Wright-Giemsa staining is simple and can be used in clinical diagnosis.