Objective To investigate the influence of focal insular glioma on risky decision-making and to verify the causal relationship between insular and risky decision-making cognitive process.Methods 12 patients with focal insular glioma,15 healthy individuals and 15 lesion controls with brain glioma predominantly affecting non-insular lobes were tested with a risky decision-making task.The results were compared by statistical methods.Results The bet time (BT),report time (RT) and bet or report failure (F) of insular glioma patients were (1.61±0.06) s,(1.61±0.10) s and (2(2,3.75)) respectively.BT,RT and F of lesion controls were (0.70±0.11) s,(0.69±0.11s) and (0(0,0)) respectively and those of healthy group were (0.71 ±0.10) s,(0.68 ±0.11) s and (0(0,1)) respectively.Compared with normal subjects and lesion controls,BT and RT of insular glioma patients were significantly extended,and F was observably increased (P＜0.01).BT,RT and F of lesion controls had no significant difference compared with those of healthy group (P＞0.05).Conclusion The risky decision-making cognitive process may be influenced by insular glioma.The insular region plays a necessary role in decision-making under risk and insular causally is involved in risky decision making.

Objective To isolate and determine Aloin and Aloeemodin in Barbodos Aloe by ionic liquid-based ultrasonic-assisted extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography, with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Br) solution as the extraction solvent. Methods The separation was performed on Phenomenex C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with detection wavelength of 360 nm. The mobile phase was consisted of methanol-0.3% acetic acid solution (65∶35) with the flow rate of 0.80 mL/min, and the column temperature at 35 ℃. Results The calibration curves for Aloin and Aloeemodin were liner within 0.000 336-1.68 μg (r=0.999 96) and 0.000 608-3.04 μg (r=0.999 76), respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.05 06 ng/mL and 0.262 ng/mL, respectively. The average recovery was 95.99% and 95.80%, respectively. Conclusion The method is simple, rapid, accurate, sensitive, low cost and environment-friendly, thus it provides an effective means for assaying anthraquinones in Barbodos Aloe.

Objective To explore the anticoagulating active components in water extraction, alcohol sedimentation and fraction separated by gelfiltration chromatography of Bombyx Batryticatus. Methods Anticoagulating active fractions were prepared by the methods of water extraction, 70% alcohol sedimentation and gelfiltration chromatography. Components (such as porteins or polypeptide, amino acids, oxalic acid ammonium) in each fraction were determined by chemical reaction indentification, Kjeldahl method, conductance, UV and HPLC. Results Polypeptide, amino acids and oxalic acid ammonium were the main components in anticoagulating active fractions, content of which reached more than 80%. The content of oxalic acid ammonium decreased about 52% processed by alcohol sedimentation, while the content of polypeptide and amino acids only decreased about 8%. The content of peptides and amino acids increased about 28% purified by gelfiltration chromatography compared with the one in water extraction and about 39% compared with the one in alcohol sedimentation. The content of oxalic acid ammonium was the same as the one in alcohol sedimentation, but decreased about 1 time compared with the one in water extraction. The content of 15 kinds of amino acids were 40%～50% in the solids of each fractions, which maked up to 60%～76% of the content of proteins determined by Kjeldahl method. Molecular weight range of peptides is 1.0～4.4 kDa. Conclusion This study provides a experimental basis for further separation and purification of anticoagulating active components from Bombyx Batryticatus.

Objective To develop a sensitive and specific HPLC method to simultaneously determine the contents of puerarin, daidzin and daidzein in Puerariae Lobatae Radix. Methods The three compounds were obtained by ionic liquid based on dispersive liquid phase microextraction. The determination was carried out on a Phenomenex C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5μm) with a mixture of methanol-0.2%acetic acid (volume ration 45∶55) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The UV detective wavelength was 250 nm, and the column temperature was set at 35 ℃. Results The linear response ranged from 6.24×10-6-37.44 μg for puerarin (r=0.999 71), 5.44×10-6-27.20μg for daidzin (r=0.999 85), and 5.60×10-6-28.00μg for daidzein (r=0.999 94), respectively. Conclusion The method is quick, simple and repeatable for simultaneous determination of the contents of puerarin, daidzin and daidzein in Puerariae Lobatae Radix.

Objective To investigate the beneficial effects of cyclosporin A ( CsA) on traumatic hemorrhagic shock in rats. Methods The traumatic hemorrhagic shock model was adopted in 144 SD rats which were divided into 6 groups: sham-operated group,shock control group,lactated Ringer's solution ( LR) group,CsA 1 mg/kg,5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg group. The effects of three doses of CsA on the animal survival time and 24 h survival rate were observed,and the effects of CsA on hemodynamic parameters,including mean arterial blood pressure ( MAP) ,left intraventricular systolic pressure ( LVSP) ,left ventricular end-diastolic pressure ( LVEDP) ,maximal change rate of left intraven-tricular pressure ( ± dp/dtmax ) and heart rate ( HR) were also observed. Results CsA at the concentration of 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg can significantly increase the survival time and 24 h survival rate of shock rats,the survival rate was increased to 56. 3% from 25% of LR group. After shock,the hemodynamic parameters were significantly decreased including MAP,LVSP and ± dp/dtmax ,LR infusion only improved the hemodynamics to some extent,which were significantly lower than those in sham-operated group. CsA (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) can signifi-cantly improve the hemodynamics of shock rats including LVSP and ± dp/dtmax ,which were increased at 2 h after resuscitation as compared to LR group,and return to about normal levels. 1 mg/kg of CsA also restored the hemodynamic parameters, but there were no significant differences between CsA 1 mg/kg group and LR group. Conclusion CsA has good beneficial effect on traumatic hemorrhagic shock,and 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg of CsA showed a better effect.

Objective To investigate the effects of calcium sensing receptor (CaSR)on vasorelaxation/vasoconstriction of superior mes-enteric artery (SMA)in rats and its relationship to endothelium.Methods With endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded SMA rings of rats,the effects of CaSR-specific allosteric modulator cinacalcet on the SMA rings pre-contracted with norepinephrine (NE),and vascular contractile response /relaxation reactivity were observed.Results Cinacalcet had no effects on resting tension of SMA rings with or without endothelium.Cinacalcet caused a significant relaxation in the endothelium-intact SMA rings pre-contraction with NE in a dose-dependent manner.Endothelium denudation abolished cinacalcet-induced vasorelaxation.Pretreatment with cinacalcet for 30 minutes decreased the con-tractile response of endothelium-intact SMA rings to NE,but had no significant influence on relaxation reactivity.In the endothelium-denuded SMA rings,cinacalcet did not affect both vasoconstriction and vasorelaxation.Conclusion CaSR plays an important role in the regulation of the vascular reactivity,and this effect is endothelium-dependent.

ObjectiveTo construct a mouse model for studying pathophysiology and mechanism of human Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection.MethodsInnate immunity-deficient C3H/HeJ female mice were infected intravaginally with human C.trachomatis serovar D urogenital isolates for screening the highest violent clinical strain.The clinical strain UT0603 as well as standard strain D/UW-3/CX were then used to reinfect na(i)ve mice,the lower genital tract shedding were monitored by swabbing every 3-7 day over the entire infection period by culture.Some mice were sacrificed at early infection stage to detection of in site Chlamydia growth by immunofluorescence assay,then all the mice were sacrificed at later infection stage to evaluate upper genital tract gross pathology and histopathological characterization.ResuIts In the lower genital tract,Chlamydia shedding time course were significantly prolonged in clinical strain infected mice.Chlamydia not only growth in the lower genital tract,the live organism also ascending and growth in the upper genital tissue.The gross appearance under naked eyes and dilation and inflammation scores under microscope all showed that the genital tract pathology from the clinical strain infected mice were much more severe than standard strain infected control mice.Conclusion Together,all these results demonstrated that a mouse model for Chlamydia genital infection was constructed.

Objective To establish an HPLC method for simultaneous separation and determination of chlorogenic acid, quercetin and kaempferol inPyrrosia lingua (Thumb.) Farwell. Methods The separation was performed on Phenomenex C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5μm) with the mobile phase of methanol-acetic acid (pH=3.0) solution and gradient elution. Flow rate was 1.0 mL/min;the UV detection wavelength was 254 nm;column temperature was 35℃.Results The calibration curves for chlorogenic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol were in good linearity in the range of 0.000 24-3.00μg (r=0.999 9), 0.000 16-2.00μg (r=0.999 9), and 0.000 16-2.00μg (r=0.999 9), respectively. The limits of detection (S/N=3) were 3.29, 0.43 and 0.33 ng/mL, respectively. The average recovery rates were 97.73%, 98.07% and 96.92%, respectively. ConclusionThe method is simple, precise and sensitive. It provides scientific proof for separation and determination of chlorogenic acid, quercetin and kaempferol inPyrrosia lingua (Thumb.) Farwell.

Objective To evaluate the effect of paraesophagogastric devascularization and splenectomy with transabdominal esophageal transection and reanastomosis in the treatment of portal hypertension Methods Clinical data of 48 portal hypertensive patients undergoing this procedure from June 1997 to June 2002 were analyzed retrospectively to evaluate the effect and complications of the operation Results Forty three patients were followed up for an average of 39 months The varicose veins eliminating rate was 93% The rebleeding rate was 2% The survival rate was 93% Two patients died of severe intra abdominal infection due to leakage of esophageal anastomosis and hepatic failure respectively during the early postoperative period Postoperative thrombosis rate in portal system was 8%, hydrops rate in splenic recess was 6%, the leakage and stenosis rate of anastomosis were 8% and 6% respectively Conclusion Paraesophagogastric devascularization and splenectomy with transabdominal esophageal transection is an effective method for the treatment of portal hypertension Because there is a risk of postoperative anastomosis leakage and stenosis, attention should be paid to the choice of patients for operation and manipulations during the operation

Objective To quantitatively analyze brucellar spondylitis, tuberculous spondylitis and spinal metastatic tumors by dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI, and to evaluate the quantitative DCE-MRI in the differential diagnosis of brucellar spondylitis, tuberculous spondylitis and spinal metastatic tumors. Methods This was a retrospective study including 30 patients with brucellar spondylitis, 30 with tuberculous spondylitis, and 30 with spinal metastatic tumors. The clinical and demographic data were collected. All patients received routine MRI and DCE-MRI examinations. Volume transfer constant(Ktrans), rate constant(Kep), extravascular extracellular volume fraction(Ve) and plasma volume fraction(Vp) of diseased vertebral bodies of the patients with brucellar spondylitis, tuberculous spondylitis and spinal metastatic tumors were measured on perfusion parameter maps. All indexes showed non-normal distribution. Differences of all indexes were compared and analyzed statistically with rank-sum test among the above diseases. Results For brucellosis spondylitis, spinal tuberculosis, and vertebrae metastasis, the values of Ktrans were(0.716 ± 0.017),(0.316 ± 0.004),(0.986 ± 0.012)min-1, the values of Kep were(1.326 ± 0.018), (0.747 ± 0.005),(2.899 ± 0.054)min-1, the values of Ve were 0.541 ± 0.011, 0.427 ± 0.017, 0.338 ± 0.007 and the values of Vp were 0.034 ± 0.003, 0.029 ± 0.003, 0.049 ± 0.007. The differences suggested statistical significance(H=50.24, 52.49, 48.31, 46.54, P<0.01) among the three diseases. Conclusion DCE-MRI quantitative analysis is helpful in the differential diagnosis of brucellar spondylitis, tuberculous spondylitis and spinal metastatic tumors.