The dual source computed tomography is equipped with two X-ray tubes and two corresponding detectors.With its 83 ms-temporal resolution of single segment reconstruction,high quality coronary artery CT angiography can be acquired without heart rate control.Dual energy output by two x-ray tubes improves the differentiation of body tissues,clinical application and lesion diagnostic accuracy of CT.

Objective To discuss the construction and principal of dual-source CT,as well as its superiorities in imaging of heart coronary artery and the clinical application of dual energy technique.Methods The structure of Siemens 64-slice CT was analyzed.The superiorities of dual-source CT in imaging of heart coronary artery were compared with conventional multi-slice CT,and the clinical value of dual energy technique was discussed.Results The dual-source computed tomography had high temporal resolution superiority,and high quality coronary artery CT angiography could be acquired without heart rate control.Dual energy technique could be applied to differentiate tissue component,display given tissue,evaluate the content of iodine in tissue.Conclusion Dual-source CT can not only enhance the diagnosis veracity of pathological changes of heart coronary artery but improve the ability of CT in tissue differentiation.

Quantum dots,as nanometer-sized semiconductor crystals,are widely used in life sciences for their excellent optical characteristics.This article introduces the unique optical characteristics of quantum dots and their application in labeling cancer cells and tumor markers as well as in the targeting and imaging of tumor vasculature.

The low sensibility of MR molecular imaging to signals makes signal amplification exceptionally important.This paper reviews the strategy of the reporter gene signal amplification in MR molecular imaging.

T1 mapping is a new magnetic resonance imaging technique .By which the longitudinal relaxation time constant ( T1) of the myocardium can be measured to detect and quantitatively assess various focal or diffuse diseases .T1 mapping has various scan sequences , such as LL sequence , MOLLI sequence and ShMOLLI sequence .T1 mapping can be classified into two groups:pre--contrast and post-contrast T1 mapping.In addition, by measuring post-contrast T1 mapping and pre-contrast T1 mapping, myocardial extra-cellular volume (ECV) can be derived, which has been applied to assess myocardial edema and myocardial fibrosis with great clinical value .This review focuses on the techniques , methods and clinical application of cardiac magnetic resonance T 1 mapping technology .

Post-traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that can develop following a traumatic event.Neuro-imaging techniques offer a noninvasive means to elucidate the brain circuit underlying PTSD, and may help to find effective biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment evaluation of this disorder.In this article, we review recent brain structural MRI studies in PTSD.Problems of the current research and possible directions for future research are also presented.

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) is the most common type of refractory focal epilepsy. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can provide qualitative and quantitative information on the microstructural arrangement of epileptic brain tissue. DTI is significant for insights to the pathophysiological mechanism of mTLE, and has potential for investigation of changes in structural connectivity of mTLE. The development and application of DTI in research of mTLE were reviewed in this article.

Objective To analyze the relationship between clinical pathology character and expression of E-cadherin，CerbB-2，p53，Ki-67 in breast cancer in order to evaluate its clinical significance.Methods To observe 93 cases of breast cancer.Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the expression of E-cadherin，CerbB-2，p53，Ki-67.Results We found that the expressions of E-cadherin，CerbB-2，p53，Ki-67 in breast cancer samples were associated to histopathology grade and lymph node metastasis (p<0.05), but the expressions of CerbB-2，p53，Ki-67 were not associated to tumor size and histological type (p>0.05).Compared to other types, it showed low expression of E-cadherin in lobular carcinoma(p<0.05).Conclusion E-cadherin，CerbB-2，p53，Ki-67 can be regarded as molecular indexes of breast cancer, and they can be used to give diagnosis, choose treatment and forecast prognosis in clinical work.

Objective To investigate the occurrence of p16 gene methylation in the population chronically exposed to arsenic in Inner Mongolia,and to study the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis associated with arsenic exposure.Methods The study group was composed of 40 cases of typical arseniasis selected from the epidemic area,and the two control groups consisting respectively of 40 non-arseniasis cases selected from the same epidemic area,and 40 healthy persons enrolled from non-epidemic area.Methylation of p16 gene in the blood specimens were analyzed for all the subjects with MS-PCR techniques,and statistical analysis was performed using chi square test.Results The positive rates of p16 hypermethylation in blood specimens were 65.0%,47.5% and 20.0% respectively in study group and two control groups,and the rate of hypermethylation increased with the increase in arsenic exposure with drinking water in epidemic areas.The positive rate of p16 hypermethylation showed significant differences(P

Argon-helium cryosurgical system has been widely used in the treatment of solid tumors.The basic mechanism of this technique is that the ultra low temperature(below 140℃ ) can act on the diseased tissues, resulting in the formation of ice crystals both inside and outside of the cells and causing the rupture of the cells, which will further produce a series of physical and chemical changes and finally bring about the necrosis of tumor cells.This paper aims to introduce the argon-helium cryosurgical system, focusing on its guiding mode, freezing extent and time, freezing immunity, curative effect and combination of treatments.