OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational use of antibiotics in the clinic of our hospital. METHODS:Drug re-sistance of Gram-negative bacillus in the inpatients of our hospital were analyzed retrospectively during May 2013-Dec. 2015 as well as the situation of producing metallo-β-lactamase(MBLs). RESTUTS:A total of 2089 strains of Gram-negative bacillus were detected in our hospital during 2013-2015,among which there were 1456 strains of enterobacteria (69.70%) and 633 strains of non-fermentative bacteria,mainly involving Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Acinetobacter bau-mannii and Enterobacter cloacae. A total of 406 strains of carbapenems-resistant bacteria were detected (19.44%),including 367 strains of non-fermentative bacteria and 39 strains of enterobacteria. The resistant rates of carbapenems-resistant strains to 16 antibi-otics were all higher than 50%,but those of non-carbapenems-resistant strains were in relative low level. Except for aztreonam,re-sistant rates of carbapenems-resistant strains to other 15 antbiotics were all higher than those of non-carbapenems-resistant strains, with statistical significance(P<0.05). A total of 36 strains of producing MBLs were detected(8.87%),including 13 strains of pro-ducing MBLs drug-resistant P. aeruginosa and 23 strains of producing MBLs drug-resistant A. baumannii;producing MBLs drug re-sistant enterobacteria had not been found. CONCLUSIONS:Gram-negative bacillus are mainly enterobacteria in our hospital;car-bapenems-resistant strains are mainly non-fermentative bacteria,resistant rate of them are commonly higher than that of non-drug-re-sistant strain. The situation of producing MBLs is serious,and enzyme producing strains are mainly non-fermentative bacteria. It is necessary to strengthen drug resistance of pathogen and enzyme producing strain monitoring,avoid the generation and spreading of drug-resistant strains due to irrational use of antibiotics.

Objective To investigate the distribution of surfactant protein-B(SP-B) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms and to clarify the correlation between SP-B gene polymorphisms and idiopathic interstitial lung disease(ILD) in children.Methods Sixty-seven children with idiopathic ILD(case group) and 102 children without idiopathic ILD(control group)were selected from October 2013 to September 2016 in Shenzhen Children's Hospital and the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University.Total exons and flanking region of SP-B were detected by high-throughput sequencing,genotype and allele distribution of exon 4(T131I)were analyzed.Results SP-B exon 4(T131I) genotypes could check out three genotypes:namely CC,CT and TT.The frequencies of genotype CC,CT and TT of exon 4(T131I) in the case group were 67.16%,25.37%,7.46%,and in the control group were 56.86%,35.29%,7.84%,respectively.There was no significant difference in genotype distribution between the two groups(χ2=1.981,P=0.371).Frequency of allele C was 79.85% in the case group and 74.51% in the control group,no significant difference showed between the two groups(χ2=1.288,P=0.256).In the control group,the mutation frequency of SP-B exon 4(T131I) was 43.14%(44/102),compared to the frequency of mutations in the population data in the thousands of human genome programs was 52.00%,in European was 53.88%,in South Asia was 45.50%,and in American was 41.93%(P>0.05);but the frequency of gene mutations was 26.39% in East Asia and 80.18% in Africa,there were significant differences compared to the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion The genetic polymorphism of SP-B exon 4(T131I)is not correlated with the susceptibility of idiopathic ILD in children.The mutation frequency of SP-B exon 4(T131I)is related to the race and the region.

The association of non-HDL-cholesterol and non-HDL-C-to-HDL-cholesterol ratio (non-HDL-C-to-HDL-C ratio) with early diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus was investigated.Non-HDL-C and non-HDL-C-to-HDL-C ratio were positively related with microalbuminuria (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Non-HDL-C-to-HDL-C ratio is an independent risk factor of early diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To analyze three events of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome （SFTS） among family members by exposure risk matrix, so as to provide reference for SFTS prevention and control. Methods : The field investigation and clinical data of seven confirmed cases with SFTS reported in Linhai from 2014 to 2016 were collected. Exposure risk matrix was used to list the risk of exposure two weeks before the onset, such as the environment, duration of activity and protection, and evaluate the possible routes of transmission. Results: The first event involved three sisters. Two of them had plucked tea together on a hill, and the possibility of infection through tick bites were 60% and 75%, respectively. Another sister was more likely to be infected by ticks in her residence after visiting her sister （no physical contact with the sick sister）, with a possibility of 74%. The second event involved two cases （mother and son）. They were more likely to be infected by ticks in the current residential area, and the possibility were 100% and 80%, respectively. The third event involved two cases （husband and wife）. The wife had 60% possibility of being infected by the ticks on the hill she picked arbutus, and 40% by the ticks in her residence. The husband was most likely to be infected through contacting with body fluids or blood of his wife （44%）, then through the ticks on the hill he picked arbutus （33%）. Conclusion Among seven cases with SFTS reported in Linhai from 2014 to 2016, six cases have more than 50% possibility of being infected by tick bites; one case has higher possibility of being infected by contacting with body fluids or blood of a patient, but tick bites could not be ruled out.

Objective:This paper is to propose a calibration model based on sine function which enables more choices to determine the functional relationship between the absorbance and the concentration of the tested substance.Methods:This paper uses Taylor series expansion and Levenberg-Marquardt to obtain the optimal parameters for the Sine model and then summarizes the characters of the Sine model. On the basis of these characters, this paper compares and evaluates the experimental data processed by the Sine model from four aspects: correctness, precision, linearity and correlation.Results:The generated sine function calibration model achieved deviations within ±3% of the national standard substance, precision ( CV%) less than 2%, and a linear correlation coefficient greater than 0.990 within the measurement range of 32-710 mg/L. The correlation coefficients between the sine model and other well-performing linear calibration models for 104 clinical samples were all greater than 0.990. Conclusions:The performance evaluation of the prealbumin assay kit using the sine function calibration model meets industry standards and shows good correlation with the results of clinical sample measurements. This indicates that the sine function calibration model can serve as a new calibration model for in vitro diagnostic research and clinical applications.

Hypoxemia is a common complication of pneumonia, asthma, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in children.Rapid identification of hypoxemia is of great significance for the disposal and management of critical children.Pulse oximetry is recognized by the World Health Organization as the best way to monitor hypoxemia in children, and it can monitor pulse oxygen saturation noninvasively and continuously.Based on the related literature at home and abroad, combined with the clinical needs of pediatrics, the " Expert consensus on clinical application of pulse oximetry in children" is formulated to improve the understanding of pediatricians and nurses on the application in pediatric clinical practice, principle, operation techniques, and limitations of pulse oximetry.

Objective:To investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of pulse oximetry among pediatric healthcare providers in China and analyze the factor influencing the KAP.Methods:A self-developed questionnaire was used for an online research on the KAP of 11 849 pediatric healthcare providers from 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities of China from March 11 to 14, 2022.The factors influencing the KAP of pulse oximetry among pediatric healthcare providers were examined by Logistic regression. Results:The scores of KAP, of pulse oximetry were 5.57±0.96, 11.24±1.25 and 11.19±4.54, respectively.The corresponding scoring rates were 69.61%, 74.95%, and 55.99%, respectively. Logistic regression results showed that the gender and working years of pediatric healthcare providers, the region they were located, and whether their medical institution was equipped with pulse oximeters were the main factors affecting the knowledge score (all P<0.05). Main factors influencing the attitude score of pediatric healthcare providers included their knowledge score, gender, educational background, working years, region, medical institution level, and whether the medical institution was equipped with pulse oximeters (all P<0.05). For the practice score, the main influencing factors were the knowledge score, gender, age, and whether the medi-cal institution was equipped with pulse oximeters (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Chinese pediatric healthcare providers need to further improve their knowledge about and attitudes towards pulse oximetry.Pulse oximeters are evidently under-used.It is urgent to formulate policies or guidelines, strengthen education and training, improve knowledge and attitudes, equip more institutions with pulse oximeters, and popularize their application in medical institutions.