Objective To evaluate endometrial biopsy and curettage in detecting small nerve fibers in eutopic endometrium for diagnosis of endometriosis.Methods Endometrial biopsies and curettings were taken in 65 women with menorrhalgia.Endometrial nerve fibers were immunohistochemically detected using the pan-neuronal marker PGP 9.5.All patients underwent laparoseopie approach.Results The specificity,sensitivity,positive and negative predictive value were 100% of endometrial biopsy and curettings for diagnosis of endometriosis.Condusions Careful endometrial biopsy combined with immunohistochemical staining for nerve fibers may be a reliable means of diagnosing or excluding endometriosis.

Objective:Nerve fibres distribution in the functional layer of endometrium of women with endometdosis was investigated.Methods:Histological sections of endometrial tissue were prepared from endometrialcurettings and hysterectomies performed on women with endometnosis(n=25)and without endometriosis(n=40).Immunohistochemistry was used to detect nerve fibres by highly specific polyclonal rabbit antibody PGP 9.5.The assessment of nerve fibre density was performed bv Image Pro Plus Discovery.Results:Nerve fibres were identified throughout the functional layers of the endometrium in all endometriosis patients,but not found in the functional layer of the endometrium in women without endometriosis(P<0.01).Conclusions:Nerve fibres detectad in the functional layer in all women with endometriosis may have important implications for understanding the generation of pain in these patients.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the synthesis technology of 4-biphenylacetic acid,and to provide technology support to meet the market demand of 4-biphenylacetic acid raw material. METHODS:The synthesis route of 4-biphenylacetic acid from biphenyl by Friedel-Crafts reaction,ketal reaction,rearrangement reaction and hydrolysis was optimized and improved. The effects of different Friedel-Crafts reaction solvents (petroleum ether,dichloromethane,1,2-dichloroethane),ketal reaction ethanol (ethanediol, 1,3-propanediol, dimethyltrimethylene glycol, pentaerythritol), rearrangement reaction catalyzer (zinc biphenyl acetate,zinc oxide,zinc caprylate,zinc acetate) and refined solvent (isopropanol,95% isopropanol,ethanol,acetone,ethyl acetate) on synthesis technology were investigated. The optimal synthesis technology was screened with the purity and yield of intermediate or 4-biphenylacetic acid. RESULTS:The petroleum ether as Friedel-Crafts reaction solvent,ethylene glycol as ketal reaction ethanol,zinc diphenylacetate as rearrangement catalyst and 95% isopropanol as refining solvent were used for the preparation to obtain better effects. The yield of key intermediate 2′-chloroacetophenone reached above 95%. The purity of refined 4-biphenylacetic acid reached 99.9%;the content of single impurity was less than 0.1%;the total yield reached over 70%. CONCLUSIONS:The optimal synthesis technology of 4-biphenylacetic acid has the advantages of simple operation,mild and controllable reaction conditions,low cost,greener reagents and higher safety,and is suitable for industrial production. The purity and yield of the products are in high level and in line with the standards of European Pharmacopoeia and the Japanese Pharmacopoeia.

Hip fractures are among the most common fractures in the elderly, presenting to be a leading cause of disability and mortality. Surgical treatment is currently the main treatment method for hip fractures. The incidence of perioperative malnutrition is increased after hip fractures in the elderly due to the comorbidities, decreased basal metabolic rate, accelerated protein breakdown, weakened anabolism and surgical stress. However, malnutrition not only increases the incidence of postoperative complications, but also leads to increased mortality, indicating an important role of perioperative nursing management of nutrition for the elderly patients with hip fractures. At present, there still lacks scientific guidance and application standards on perioperative nursing management of nutrition for the elderly patients with hip fractures. Therefore, the Orthopedic Nursing Committee of Chinese Nursing Association and the Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Trauma organized relevant experts to formulate the Expert consensus on perioperative nursing management of nutrition for elderly patients with hip fractures ( version 2023) according to evidence-based medical evidences and their clinical experiences. Fourteen recommendations were made from aspects of nutrition screening, nutrition assessment, nutrition diagnosis, nutrition intervention and nutrition monitoring to provide guidance for perioperative nursing management of nutrition in elderly patients with hip fractures.