Objective To explore the ability of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP)in predicting the progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR)in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods 363 T2DM patients were enrolled in this prospective cohort study. According to the quartile points of baseline AOPP level,patients were divided into four groups (Q1,Q2,Q3 and Q4 ). The progression rate of DR was calculated according to the changes of non-mydriatic fundus photography after a 5-year follow-up. Results With the increase of baseline AOPP level,the rate of progression of DR increased (19.51% vs 28.42% vs 37.36% vs 47.37%,P <0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that baseline level of AOPP was an independent risk factor for the progression of DR (OR=1.833,95%CI:1.573~1.982,P<0.05).Area under the curve of AOPP in predicting DR is 0.883 (95% CI:0.842~0.924)with the sensitivity 86.1% and specificity 91.9%. Conclusion AOPP may be one of the biomarkers for the prediction of type 2 diabetic retinopathy progression.

Objective To discuss the relationship between diabetic macular edema(DME) and visual field defects and evaluatethe therapeutic effect of micro-pulse laser.Methods A total of 117 patients (149 eyes) with diabetic retinopathy(DR) were enrolled in this study and divided into two groups according to early treatment diabetic retinopathy study(ETDRS) DME diagnostic criteria:DME group(n=50,70 eyes) and N-DME group(n=67,79 eyes).Healthy subjects(n=40,80 eyes)were selected as NC group in thisstudy.The clinical data and biochemical index were collectedand visual fields were examined in all the subjects.Then the DME group was further divided into two subgroups:micro-pulse laser subgroup(35 eyes) and conventional laser subgroup(35 eyes).The vision recovery after treatment was evaluated on different time points.Results Diabetes duration,FPG,HbA1c and HOMA-IR were significantly higher in DME group than in N-DME group (P<0.05).RF value was less than 15% in each group,suggestingreliable test results.The levels of MD index[(7.81±0.75) vs (4.32±0.67) vs (1.14±0.22) dB],LV[(20.17±4.85) vs (15.34±3.19) vs (4.72±1.11) dB] and sLV[(10.71±1.37) vs (7.22±1.12) vs (2.35±0.41) dB] were significantly higher in DME group and N-DME group than in NC group,and those in DME group were higher than in N-DME group(P<0.01).After three month's treatment,the levels of MD index,LV and sLV were lower in micro-pulse laser subgroup than in conventional laser subgroup(P<0.05).There were no statistically significant difference in MD index,LV and sLV in conventional laser subgroup on different time points(P>0.05).Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that DM duration,FPG,HbA1c and HOMA-IR were riskfactors for DME(all P<0.01).Conclusion Patients with DME have severe vision loss.Micro-pulse laser therapy is helpful invision recovery,while conventional laser therapy have no obvious effect on it.Longer duration of DM,higher level of FPG,HbA1c,and IR severity may increase the risk of DME.

AIM: To investigate the relationship between medial smooth muscle cell proliferation and intimal thickening.METHODS: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (temocapril-HCl, 10 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 ) was administered in various periods after rat arterial injury by balloon catheters. The labeling BrdU indexes of smooth muscle cell and intimal areas were observed. RESULTS: Positive medial smooth muscle cells for BrdU occurred at 24 hours after injury. The labeling indexes for BrdU showed biphasic change, the period of the first peak appeared within day 1-3, the peak value was 5 3% at 2 days. The period of the second peak appeared within day 3-7, the peak was 2 7% at 5 days. Administration of temocapril in the first proliferation phase significantly suppressed the labeling BrdU index(0 05?0 02)% vs (4 50?0 27)%, P0 05 ). CONCLUSION: The first proliferative phase of arterial medial smooth muscle cell after balloon injury is necessary to the intimal formation.

Objective To study the relationship between monoeyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1)-2518A/G polymorphism and lung cancer in Han nationality of North China. Methods One hun-dred and thirty-four unrelated consecutive patients with lung cancer(112 with NSCLC, 22 with SCLC)and 82 healthy individuals were studied. The polymorphisms of MCP-1-2518A/G were detected with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP). Results The distribution of AA, AG and GG genotypes of MCP-1-2518 was significantly different in lung cancer patients compared with controls (X~2=8. 486,P=0. 014). There was a significant increase in the frequency of the AA genotype (OR=2. 645, X~2=6. 532, P=0.011) and a significant decrease in the frequency of the GG genotype (OR=0.519, X~2=4.929, P=0. 026)in the lung cancer patients, compared with controls. In the NSCLC patients the fre-quency of the AA genotype was higher than controls(OR=3. 138, X~2=8. 905, P=0.003) and the frequency of the GG genotype was lower than controls(OR=0. 516 ,X~2=4. 613, P=0. 032). The frequencies of AA, AG and GG genotypes in SCLC patients and controls had no difference. Conclusion This preliminary study showed that MCP-1-2518A/G polymorphism was associated with NSCLC but not SCLC.

Objective To evaluate the serum levels of cystatin C (CysC)in lung cancer and its clinical significances for kidney assement.Methods The serum of 120 patients with lung cancer and 50 healthy controls were collected.All the patients were en-rolled in Beijing Chest Hospital,Capital Medical University,from June 2012 to October 2013.Full-automatic biochemistry analyzer was used to examine the levels of serum CysC.Results The level of serum CysC in patients with lung cancer was significantly higher than that of healthy controls(t = 4.771,P < 0.05 ).The sensitivity of CysC(81.7%)was significantly higher than that of BUN(66.7%)and Cr(45%)(χ2 =25.326,P <0.05),and there were no significantly difference of the specificity among them(χ2 =3.468,P >0.05).Conclusion Serum CysC was a useful biochemistry marker for kidney assement in lung cancer,and have better clinical significances than BUN and Cr.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of precursor of gastrin‐releasing peptide(ProGRP) for the differen‐tial diagnosis between small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non‐small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) and efficacy assessment .Methods The levels of ProGRP were detected by ELISA in 210 healthy adults ,200 patients with lung benign disease ,260 patients with NSCLC and 182 patients with SCLC before treatment and after chemotherapy .Results The level of ProGRP in the SCLC group was significantly higher than that in the NSCLC group ,healthy control group and lung benign disease group(P<0 .01) .The sensi‐tivity of ProGRP for detecting SCLC was 56 .3% and the specificity was 92 .6% .When combination detection of ProGRP and NSE was used ,the sensitivity increased to 82 .6% ;the level of ProGRP in the patients with SCLC after 2‐cycle chemotherapy was signifi‐cantly lower than before treatment (P<0 .01) .Conclusion The tumor marker ProGRP has very important guidance significance to assisted diagnosis ,differential diagnosis and efficacy assessment of chemotherapy in the patients with SCLC .

Objective To investigate the distribution pattern and antimicrobial resistance of the clinical isolates of pathogen.Methods The identification and dug susceptibility tests of the isolates from 2013 to 2015 were performed by using VITEK2-compact system.The susceptibilities of isolates to antimicrobial agents were analyzed with WHONET 5.6 software.Results A Total of 2 991(90.4%) gram-negative bacteria and 317(9.6%) gram-positive bacteria were isolated.Among all of the isolates,the top three pathogens were Klebsiella pneumonia,followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii.The detection rates of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase(ESBLs)-producing Escherichia coli were 40.4%,48.2% and 38.3% respectively in the three consecutive years,while the detection rates of the ESBLs-producing Klebsiella pneumonia were 16.9%,8.4% and 11.6% respectively.No Escherichia coli resistant to impenem were detected.The resistant rate to impenem of Klebsiella pneumonia was 1.6%.The detection rates of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) and methicillin resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci(MRCNS) in the three years were 53.8%,54.3%,42.9% and 84.5%,82.7%,85.9% respectively.No Staphylococci isolates resistant to linezolid and tigecycline were found.Enterococcus isolates were sensitive to gentamicine,linezolid,tigecycline and vancomycin.Conclusion Carbapenems could remain the best antimicrobials against Enterobacteriaccae.Lnezolid and tigecycline could be effective antimicrobials against Staphylococci isolates.The detection rates of Klebsiella pneumonia and Acinetobacter baumannii increased year by year.The monitoring of drug resistance should be strengthened to control the emergence and spread of multidrug resistant pathogen.

Different kinds of average degree of polymerzation (DP) of chitosan to the freshness preserving of Scomberomorus niphonius and Pseudosoiaena polyactis and lean pork were studied. A satisfied results was acquired by the low DP of chitosan. The preserving results stored in 6C-7C were better than that of stored in 20C - 23C ,particularly.

Objective To explore the relationship between the behavior and social ability development of Chinese urban 2 ～ 3 years old toddlers. Methods The number of 2601 toddlers aged 2～3 years old were involved by random cluster sampling under the cross-sectional study from 14 large-media cities in China and surveyed by Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL 2/3) and Chinese Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment CTSEA) Questionnaire. The multiple stepwise regression analysis was used to analyze the surveyed results. Results In 2601 toddlers,there were 194 toddlers detected positive about the behavior, the rate was 7. 5% , including boys 107 (4.11%) and girls 87 (3. 34%),and there was gender differences in positive rates of the behavior(t = 2.36,P< 0.05). Otherwise,268 toddlers were detected positive about social-emotional ability,the rate was 10.3% .including boys 139 (5.34%) and girls 129 (4.96%), there also was gender differences in suspected positive rates of social-emotional ability(t = 3.60, P<0.01). The multiple stepwise regression analysis results indicated that attacks, damage,depression,withdrawal were correspond correlated with compliance,empathy,prosocial-peer-relations and imitation. Conclusion Cultivating good habits would promote the development of children' s social ability.

Objective To evaluate the effects of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on the severe cases of hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD).Methods Eighty-six cases of severe HFMD admitted to our hospital between Apr 2009 and Aug 2010 were divided into two groups based on the time when admitted to our hospital.Thirty-eight cases (group A,Apr to Jul,2009) received routine treatment and 48 cases (group B,Apr to Aug,2010) were ventilated with nasal continuous positive airway pressure based on routine treatment.The difference of the total efficiency was compared between two groups.Results Twenty-five out of 38 patients were cured,six showed improved signs,and seven showed no improvement in group A,of which the total efficiency was 81.5％.Forty out of 48 patients were cured,seven showed improved signs,and one showed no improvement in group B,of which the total efficiency was 97.9％.The clinical effect of group B was much better than group A and the difference was statistically significant ( x2 =6.71,P ＜0.05).Conclusion Early nasal continuous positive airway pressure has most valuable effect on HFMD and is helpful in preventing -HFMD from getting worse.