OBJECTIVE:To investigate the characteristics and trends of illegal circulation of counterfeit drugs in China,and to put forward monitoring countermeasures. METHODS:In empirical study,3 typical cases of counterfeit drugs manufacturing and selling in China were analyzed (including Jiangsu Wuxi Internet transnational counterfeit drugs manufacturing and selling case, Shanghai Avastin eye drug case,Sichuan Dazhou counterfeit drugs case),to compare the sources of counterfeit drug and illegal cir-culation pathway,thus find out the monitoring problems. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Main reasons for illegal circulation of counterfeit drugs in China are as follows as drug circulation regulation absence of foreign-funded medical institutions,the existence of hidden drug circulation monitoring holes in urban medical institutions,under-developed and weak ability of distinguishing talse drug information internet counterfeit drugs sales regulatory means. It is suggested to establish drug management norms for for-eign-funded medical institutions,improve drug circulation monitoring in primary medical institutions,establish pharmaceutical logis-tics(transportation)licensing system and strengthen online fake drug sale information monitoring and information publication.

Objective To investigate the f un ction of the autotransplanted splenic tissue. Method s 120 Kunming mice were randomly divided into two groups: sham operation group and group of 50% autograft splenic tissue implantation in the om ental pouch after total splenectomy. Six months after, splenic transplants were removed, and C 3b and Fc receptor and the expression of protein on the macr ophages was assayed in the implanted splenic tissue. Results The expression of protein and the receptor on the mac rophage in transplants were similar with that in the normal group. Conclusion The function of the macrophages in t he implanted splenic tissue judged by the expression of protein and receptor is normal, the autotransplanted splenic tissue can fulfil the function of the norma l spleen.

A study on abdominal skin flaps of the fresh cadavers of young men under the operation, light and scanning electron microscope, and MAS image analysis system has been made. Methods include Chinese ink, ABS or methyl methacrylate injection and histological slides, transparent specimens as well as casts preparation. The course of the vessels in the human abdominal skin flap is in the "three steps form". Trunks and main branches of the cutaneous vessels run in the deep part of the superficial fascia, their branches and terminals form anastomoses in the middle of the reticular layer of dermis, and branches from the anastomoses form microvascular network in the subpapillary layer. The vascular networks in the skin flap are concentrated in five layers: the deep fascial, superficial fascial, profund dermal, subpapillary, and papillary layers. Between the subpapillary and the profund dermal vascular networks, there is a layer devoid of vascular network and crossed by vascular arteries only. Therefore, this layer may be called as "vascular network devoid area". The differences of the area fraction (Aa) or number of vessels are not significant among various areas of the abdominal skin flap. Design in detaching the abdominal skin flaps and skin grafts is discussed.

Objective To study the risk factors of periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage (PIVH) in extremely low birth weight infants(ELBWI). Methods A retrospective study was performed in 41 ELBWI hospitalized between January 2001 and August 2008. Univariate analysis and Logistic regression analysis were performed to detect the risk factors of PIVH. Results Of 41ELBWI, twenty-three suffered from PIVH with the incidence of 56.1%. Univariate analysis revealed that,in PIVH group,gestational age,mean blood pressure and the minimum values of blood pressure were lower than non-PIVH group[ ( 27.1 ± 1.9 ) weeks vs ( 28. 7 ± 1.6) weeks, t = 2. 834, P ＜ 0. 05 ;(28.9±4.8) mm Hg vs (33.1±4.9) mm Hg, t=-2.747,P＜0. 05; (24.4±4.3) mm Hg vs (31.4 ± 6.6) mm Hg,t= -3. 863, P＜0. 05], while blood pressure fluctuation and the highest values of PaCO2 during the first week of life were higher[(19.0 ± 5.2) mm Hg vs (13.7 ± 4. 8) mm Hg;(60. 2± 19. 4) mm Hg vs (49.5±12.1) mm Hg] (t= 3. 310 and 2. 166, P＜0. 05), the incidence of administration of pulmonary surfactant, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, shock, hypotension before 4 days of age, hyperglycemia and mechanical ventilation therapy were higher[73. 9 % (17/23) vs 27. 8%(5/18), 60. 9%(14/23) vs 27.8%(5/18),52. 2%(12/23) vs 5.5%(1/18),73. 9%(17/23) vs 33.3%(6/18) ,78. 3%(18/23) vs 44. 5%(8/18),87. 0% (20/23) vs 44. 5% (8/18)]( all P＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic analysis revealed that blood pressure fluctuation (OR = 1. 260, 95% CI: 1. 009-1. 572, P = 0. 041 ) and lowest mean blood pressure(OR = 0. 805,95 % CI: 0. 672-0. 965, P = 0. 019)were risk factors of PIVH. Among twenty-eight ELBWI received mechanical ventilation, only peakinspiratory pressure(OR=- 2. 086,95% CI: 1. 140-3. 819, P= 0. 017) was the risk factor of PIVH by Logistic analysis. Conclusions Low blood pressure and blood pressure fluctuation may be risk factors of PIVH in ELBWI. The high values of peak inspiratory pressure is a risk factor of ELBWI with mechanical ventilation.

AIM: The study is designed to probe for the relationship between waist to hip ratio(WHR)and static lung volumes of adults. METHODS: In July-October 2008, 1 307 healthy adults(372 males and 935 females)were selected in Heilongjiang province by means of questionnaire and physical examination. The height, weight, WHR, fat mass, percentage body fat and lung function were measured, and then grouped according to the standard of classification of WHR(central obesity male WHR ≥ 0.86, female ≥ 0.82)for analysis of the relationship between WHR and static lung volume. RESULTS: WHR was found, regardless of sex, to tend to go up with the increase in age and BMI(P<0.01), and both the fat mass and percentage body fat of the central obesity group were higher than those in the group with normal WHR(P<0.01). An independent negative correlation was found(P<0.05), also regardless of sex, between the WHR with expiratory reserve volume(ERV)in all these adults. ERV in central obesity group was lower than that in the group with normal WHR(P<0.05). Compared to the normal group, ERV in the central obesity group decreased by 11% for males and 8% for females(P<0.05). However, with regard to the relationship between WHR and VT, IC, MV, and VC, gender differences were found. For the males, a significant independent positive correlation was observed between WHR and IC(P<0.05), with IC of the central obesity group 6% higher than that in the group with normal WHR(P<0.05). For the females, significant independent positive correlation was found between WHR and MV(P<0.05), with the VT and MV of the central obesity group 7% and 6% higher(P<0.05), respectively, than that in the group with normal WHR. CONCLUSION: WHR is in an independent negative correlation with ERV. The elevation of WHR may play a role in the impairment of respiratory function. Its occurrence is accompanied by a rise of IC for the male and a rise of MV for the female. These changes in the two genders could be associated with the decrease in arterial oxygen tension caused by the decrease of ERV.

Objective To establish lung function reference values and prediction equations in children and adolescents of the Han nationality in Heilongjiang province.Methods A survey in 588 healthy children and adolescents (292 males,296 females)aged 10 to 18 years old was carried out in Heilongjiang province in 2008.Eight flowvolume tests parameters were measured.Stepwise multiple regression was carried out to establish prediction equations for the parameters mentioned above.Results FVC and FEV1,were found,regardless of sex,to tend to go up with the increase of age(P ＜0.001).Beginning from the age of 14,male FVC and FEV1 became significantly higher than those of the female(P ＜0.001),the period of a fast increase of the male FVC and FEV1 taking place during the age of 13～14,while that of the female taking place in the age of 12 ～ 13,one age bracket earlier than the male.All lung volumes and flow rates,were found,regardless of sex,to tend to go up with the increase of age,height and weight(P ＜ 0.001).The regression equations of lung function were established.By comparison with the equations derived from our study and other authors' reports,it was found that the difference between measured data and predicted values from other authors was higher than those from our8.Conclusion Reference values and prediction equations for forced expiratory lung function applicable for children and adolescents of the Han nationality in Heilongiiang province were established.

Objective:To investigate whether CD3McAb activated killer(CD3AK)cells could induce apoptosis in HL 60 cells in serum free culture system.Methods:HL 60 cells were coincubated with CD3AK cells expanded in serum free medium,then apoptosis was assessed by means of morphological studies,DNA agarose gel electrophoresis and flow cytomether(FCM) analysis.Results:After 7 h of coincubation with CD3AK cells in serum free medium,HL 60 cells showed morphological features of apoptosis and typical DNA ladder on gel electrophoresis.FCM analysis showed that 24.59% cells were found to undergo apoptosis.Conclusion:CD3AK cells can induce apoptosis in HL 60 cells under serum free culture conditions.

The splenic arteries of 110 Chinese cadavers and 65 dogs were observed with methods nf gross dissection, angiography (suspension of red lead oxide (Pb_3O_4) as the contrasr meduim) and corrosive cast (Polychloroethylene). The ramifications of the splenic artery and their relation to the splenic lobes and segments were studied. The results were outlined as follows:1. There are three patterns of splenic artery ramifications in human: Type Ⅰ, biramification(89%); Type Ⅱ, triramification(8%); and Type Ⅲ, polyramification(3%).2. In type Ⅰ, most of the splenic arteries divide into a superior and an inferior splenic lodar arteries. Most of the superior splenic lobar arteries subdivide into the superior and mid-superior segmental arteries and the inferior splenic lobar artery subdivides into the mid-inferior and inferior segmental arteries.3. All of the splenic arteries of the dogs we studied may divide into two splenic lobar arteries and each lobar artery further divides into two segmental arteries without exception.4. Between the lobar or segmental arteries there are zones poorly vascularized.5. Based on the anatomic observations we had performed experimental partial splenectomies on 15 dogs. All of the dogs survived the operation and their wound made on the spleen healed up very well.

Objective To compare the clinical application of FACS analysis indicators and traditional infection indicators in early diagnosis of infection in premature infants .Methods 60 premature infants were divided into the infected group (n=29) and non-in-fected group(n=31) according to their clinical symptoms and laboratory results .BD FACSCanto Flow Cytometry was employed to detect CD11b ,CD64 and CD45RO ,BACTEC 9120 Automated Blood Culture System was used to conduct body fluids and secretions culture .Sysmex XE-5000 Automated Hematology Analyzers and i-CHROMA Reader Immunofluorescence Analyzer were adopted to conduct the complete blood count test and hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) detection ,respectively .Receiver operator characteristic(ROC) curve was used to analyze the diagnostic value of indexes above in preterm infants with infection ,and their sen-sitivity ,specificity ,positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated .Results On the first day after birth ,neu-trophil CD11b ,CD64 ,monocyte CD64 and hs-CRP levels of preterm infants in infection group were obviously higher than those in non-infection group(P<0 .05) .Differences of CD45RO ,WBC ,neutrophil absolute and percentage between the two groups showed no statistical significance(P>0 .05) .ROC area under the curve(AUC)>0 .7 was found in Neutrophil CD64 ,monocyte CD64 and hs-CRP ,which had higher value in early diagnosis of infection in premature infants .The highest sensitivity ,specificity ,positive pre-dictive value and negative predictive value were 79 .31% ,96 .78% ,83 .34% and 75 .00% ,respectively .Conclusion FACS analysis indicators has better clinical value in the early diagnosis of infection in premature infants .

Objective To investigate the changes of β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) in peripheral lymphocytes and β2AR mRNA levels at different stages of bronchial asthma. Methods β2AR density and β2AR mRNA level in peripheral lymphocytes, cAMP and cGMP levels in blood plasma were estimated by radioligand binding assay, radioimmunoassay and RT-PCR.Results (1) Maximum bound volume (Bmax) and equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) of β2AR of lymphocyte in asthma patients at remission stage were markedly higher than that in normal subjects, while cAMP levels in blood plasma showed no difference. Bmax of β2AR and cAMP levels in asthma patients at acute exacerbation stage were significantly lower than that in normal subjects, and Kds between these two groups were not much different. (2) Expression of β2ARmRNA in peripheral lymphocytes of asthmatics at remission stage was not significantly different compared with that in normals. Conclusions Amount and function of βAR and β2ARmRNA levels are related to asthmatic conditions. Changes of βAR and β2ARmRNA in asthma might rather be a pathological change accompanied by the course of the disease than a primary defect.