Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of the combined detection of serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)and myelin basic protein (MBP)in the patients with early brain contusion and laceration.Methods ELISA was adopted to detect serum GFAP and MBP.The one-way ANOVA analysis was adopted to conduct the comparison among groups and the q test was adopted to conduct the pairwise comparison for analyzing the differences between the brain contusion and laceration patients with the healthy population.Results The serum GFAP and MBP levels had statistically significant differences among the mild craniocerebral injury group,severe craniocerebral injury group and the healthy control (P <0.05);which had statistically signifi-cant differences between the control group and the mild craniocerebral injury group(P <0.05);which had statistically significant differences between the mild craniocerebral injury group and the severe craniocerebral group (P <0.05 );which had statistically significant differences between the control group and the severe craniocerebral injury group (P <0.05).The serum GFAP and MBP levels in the early stage of brain contusion and laceration were significantly higher than those in the control group,moreover,the more severe the injury,the more obvious the increase of serum GFAP and MBP.Conclusion The combined detection of serum GFAP and MBP can be regarded as the auxiliary indexes for the early diagnosis of early brain contusion and laceration and the eval-uation of the injury degree.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of nuron specific enolase( NSE),S100βprotein,glial fibrillary acidic protein( GFAP)and myelin basic protein( MBP)in patients with early brain contusion and laceration. Methods One hundred and twelve cases with brain contusion and laceration diagnosed by CT or MRI were selected as our subjects who hospitalized Harrison international peace hospital from Apr. 2012 to Jul. 2013. Of them,68 cases with mild head injury were served as mild group and 44 cases of severe traumatic brain injury were served as severe group. And 83 healthy people without lung disease and nervous system diseases were served as control group. Electro chemiluminescence assay and ELISA methods were used to measure the level of NSE,S100β,GFAP,MBP. Results the level of serum NSE,S100β protein,GFAP and MBP in mild group were(18. 14 ± 6. 83),(0. 92 ± 0. 45),(0. 78 ± 0. 37))(4. 37 ± 1. 84)μg/ L,respectively, and(32. 11 ± 12. 48),(1. 58 ± 0. 94),(4. 26 ± 1. 96),(14. 72 ± 6. 77)μg/ L,respectively in severe group, and(8. 94 ± 3. 49),(0. 12 ± 0. 08),(0. 13 ± 0. 09),(1. 98 ± 0. 89)μg/ L,respectively in control group. There were significant differences among three groups( F = 137. 520,120. 083,283. 727,205. 569 respectively;P< 0. 01). All indexes were different between control and mild groups( q = 10. 599,13. 296,5. 881,6. 018;P< 0. 01),as well as between the mild and severe groups(q = 13. 600,9. 249,26. 639,22. 029;P < 0. 01),and between control and severe group(q = 23. 408,21. 258,32. 797,28. 134;P < 0. 01). Conclusion The level of serum NSE,S100β,GFAP,MBP can be used as early indicators of brain injury secondary diagnosis and secondary index for evaluating damage degree.

OBJECTIVETo establish objectively biomechanical criteria for temporomandibular joint disc tissue engineerings.

METHODSEight temporomandibular joint discs from a four-month-old goat were separated completely. A cylindrical sample with diameter of 3 mm in the anterior, intermediate, and posterior bands was obtained, and the samples underwent pre-compression test with three cycles under a speed of 0.025 mm · s⁻¹. With the end condition for the maximum load of less than 4.9 N and 1.5 mm compression displacement, the formal compression test was performed with the same speed. Moreover, this test obtained the stress-strain relationship and elastic modulus of each disc band. Ultrastructure and collagen fiber orientation of the district zone were observed by scanning electron microscope and polarized light microscope.

RESULTS1) The physiological strain range of an articular disc was within 10%, and the quasilinear constitutive equation of articular disc tissues can be fitted with the polynomial function: y = ax + bx² + cx³. 2) The elastic modulus of the intermediate disc zone was the largest (P < 0.05). No significant difference existed between the anterior and posterior bands (P = 0.361). 3) Scanning electron microscope and polarized light microscope showed an annular disc collagen network structure, which was the internal part of the goat temporomandibular joint disc. The collagen arrangement of intermediate bands was tensely arranged anterior-posteriorly. The collagen of anterior and posterior bands went through mediolaterally with intersection of anterior-posterior branch fibersd.

CONCLUSIONAnnular collagen network structure is the basis for goat temporomandibular joint disc compression resistance properties. The intermediate band demonstrated higher compression resistance performance than the anterior and posterior bands.

Objective:To investigate the regulatory effect of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on the microglial activation after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in vivo and in vitro.Methods:C57BL/6 mice were used for in vivo experiments. A SAH model was induced by intravascular puncture. They were randomly divided into solvent group, model group, and DHEA pretreatment group. TUNEL staining was used to detect neuronal apoptosis level at 24 h after modeling. Iba-1/CD86 fluorescence double staining was used to detect the activation of microglia. Quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were used to detect the expression of inflammatory factors, including interleukin (IL) -1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -α, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The primary cultured microglia was used for in vitro experiments and it was simulated SAH by hemoglobin stimulation. They were randomly divided into control group, model group, and DHEA pretreatment group. Iba-1/CD86 fluorescence double staining was used to detect the microglial activation, and fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were used to detect the expression of inflammatory factors.Results:In vivo model experiments showed that DHEA significantly reduced neuronal apoptosis ( P<0.01) and microglial activation ( P<0.01) after SAH modeling, and IL-6 expression level significantly decreased ( P<0.01), while IL-1β, TNF-α and iNOS showed a downward trend, but there were no statistical differences. In vitro model experiments showed that DHEA could significantly inhibit microglial activation ( P<0.001) and the expression levels of various inflammatory factors ( P<0.001). Conclusions:DHEA pretreatment can reduce neuronal apoptosis and microglia activation after SAH, and it has neuroprotective effect.

To establish objectively biomechanical criteria for temporomandibular joint disc tissue engineerings. Methods Eight temporomandibular joint discs from a four-month-old goat were separated completely. A cylindrical sample with diameter of 3 mm in the anterior, intermediate, and posterior bands was obtained, and the samples underwent pre-compression test with three cycles under a speed of 0.025 mm·s?1. With the end condition for the maximum load of less than 4.9 N and 1.5 mm compression displacement, the formal compression test was performed with the same speed. Moreover, this test obtained the stress–strain relationship and elastic modulus of each disc band. Ultrastructure and collagen fiber orientation of the district zone were observed by scanning electron microscope and polarized light microscope. Results 1) The physiological strain range of an articular disc was within 10%, and the quasilinear constitutive equation of articular disc tissues can be fitted with the polynomial function: y=ax+bx2+cx3. 2) The elastic modulus of the intermediate disc zone was the largest (P<0.05). No significant difference existed between the anterior and posterior bands (P=0.361). 3) Scanning electron microscope and polarized light microscope showed an annular disc collagen network structure, which was the internal part of the goat temporomandibular joint disc. The collagen arrangement of intermediate bands was tensely arranged anterior–posteriorly. The collagen of anterior and posterior bands went through mediolaterally with intersection of anterior-posterior branch fibersd. Conclusion Annular collagen network structure is the basis for goat temporomandibular joint disc compression resistance properties. The intermediate band demonstrated higher compression resistance performance than the anterior and posterior bands.

Objective To investigate the effect of replacing a smaller-size catheter after tubularized incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty on postoperative urethral complications.Methods The data of 116 hypospadias patients underwent TIP urethroplasty performed by the same urologist in our hospital from January 2014 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.The age of patients ranged from 0.5-15.4 years,with the median age of 1.5 years.Meatal location was distal in 47 (39.5％),midshaft in 62 (52.1％) and proximal in 10(8.4％) patients.Unhealthy urethral plate occurred in 49 (42.2％) patients.F8 catheter was used for urethroplasty in 92 (79.3 ％) patients,F10 in 17 (14.7％),and F12 in 7 (6.0％).According to the pattern of urinary diversion,patients were divided into two groups.Conventional catheter group in 56 patients (group A):the catheter was chosen in as large size as possible for urethroplasty without tension.Replace a smaller-size catheter group in 60 patients (group B):replace a smaller-size catheter after urethroplasty on the basis of group A.There were no statistically significant differences in age,meatal location and catheter size between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Results The mean follow up was 23 months (range 6-66 months).There were 73(62.9％) cases of orifice overflow during indwelling catheterization.There were 5 (4.3％) patients needed further reoperation result from postoperative urethral complications,including 4 cases of fistula and 1 case of meatal stenosis.The process of replacing a smaller-size catheter after urethroplasty in group B was simple and without adverse reactions.There were 15 (26.8％) cases of orifice overflow in group A and 58 (96.7％) in group B.There were statistically significant differences in orifice overflow between the two groups (P ＜ 0.05).There were 5 (8.9％) cases of postoperative urethral complications in group A and 0 case in group B.There were statistically significant differences in postoperative urethral complications (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The process of replacing a smaller-size catheter after TIP urethroplasty in was simple and subsequently contributed to less postoperative urethral complications.The results of replacing a smaller-size catheter after TIP urethroplasty were superior to that of no replacing conventionally.

Objective To investigate the application of pedicled tunica vaginalis flap cover new urethra in redo and second-stage hypospadias repair.Methods Retrospective analysis was performed in 45 redo hypospadias repair cases,aged from 1 year 3 months to 9 years 4 months (median 5 years 3month).All patients were divided into urethral dehiscence after hypospadias repair (group A) and the second stage surgery of two-stage hypospadias repair (group B) based on medical history.According to the site of dehiscence,the group A were further divided into midshaft urethral dehiscence (A1) and glans and distal urethral dehiscence with urethral opening located on midshaft (A2).After new urethra was completed,the appropriate size of the pedicledtunica vaginalis flap was transferred to cover the new urethra.Results There was no scrotal hematoma occurred in all 45 cases,and somecomplications occurred,including scrotal swelling in 1 case,high-riding testicle in 2 cases,penile clockwise torsion in 1 case,urethrocutaneous fistula in 6 cases.All the 45 cases were followed up for 1 to 4 years,with mean of 1.8 years.One more urethrocutaneous fistula occurred in group A2 and 1 more urethrocutaneous fistula with urethral stricture occurred in group B.There was no penile curvature and urethral diverticulum occurred in all cases.Conclusions Pedicled tunica vaginalis flap could be used as waterproofing layer to cover new urethra in redo hypospadias repair and presented a low incidence rate of postoperative complications.

Objective To investigate the effect of a modified preputial flap urethroplasty in twostage treatment of severe hypospadias.Methods The clinical characteristics of the severe hypospadias patients (41 cases) who underwent the staged urethroplasty by using the procedure of preset urethral plate with preputial flap from January 2015 to December 2016 were analyzed retrospectively.We used a modified method (modified group,23 cases):Form the distal urethra with the transected distal urethral plate by using tubularize incised plate (TIP) procedure during the first stage operation,after completely straightened the penis,urethral plate was preseted with transverse preputial flap at the penis shaft.While in the traditional group (18 cases),urethral plate was preseted with preputial flap by using Bracka procedure after transecting urethral plate.The corresponding missing part of urethra underwent urethroplasty at the second stage operation six months later.The patients in the modified group were 9 to 18 months old,and the median age was 13 months;meatus were located at the penis shaft in 10 cases,scrotum in 12 cases,perineum in 1 case.The patients in the traditional group were 9 to 18 months old,and the median age was 13 months;meatus were located at the penis shaft in 6 cases,scrotum in 10 cases,and perineum in 2 cases.There was no statistic difference in age and meatus position between the two groups.Results During the first stage operation,distal urethra was repaired by 13-19 mm,with an average of (14.5 ± 1.3) mm,and the proximal urethra was repaired by 0-6 mm,with an average of (3.1 ± 2.4) mm at the modified group.While at the traditional group,the length of proximal urethra was repaired of 0-9 mm,with an average of (5.6:±:2.9) mm.The urethral length required for reconstruction was measured during the second stage operation,with an average of (26.3:t:4.4) mm in the modified group and (40.5 ± 3.3) mm in the traditional group (P ＜ 0.05).There were 3 case of urethral stricture after removed the catheter,with 2 cases in the modified group and 1 case in the traditional group.Postoperative follow-up was 2 to 3 years,with an average of 2.4 years.There were 3 cases (3/23,13.0％) of urethral fistula in the modified group and 3 cases (3/18,16.7％) in the traditional group.Ascended testis occured in 2 patients in the traditional group after operation.No case of urethrostenosis,diverticulum,chordee or concealed pennis was recorded.There was no significant difference in postoperative complications between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The modified staged preputial flap method shorten the new forming urethra by making full use of its own materials at the second stage operation,which was helpful to reduce complications.

Objective:To investigate the effect of resveratrol on the expression of inflammatory cytokines and related genes in human SZ95 sebocytes induced by benzo (a) pyrene.Methods:Human SZ95 sebocytes were cultured in vitro, and divided into 4 groups: control group treated with 1‰ dimethyl sulfoxide for 27 hours, resveratrol group treated with 1 × 10 -5 mol/L resveratrol for 24 hours, benzo (a) pyrene group treated with 1 × 10 -5 mol/L benzo (a) pyrene for 3 hours, resveratrol+benzo (a) pyrene group treated with 1 × 10 -5 mol/L resveratrol for 24 hours followed by 1 × 10 -5 mol/L benzo (a) pyrene for 3 hours. Real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR was performed to determine the mRNA expression of interleukin (IL) -1α, IL-6, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) , cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) and cytochrome P4501B1 (CYP1B1) in SZ95 sebocytes in the above groups; Western blot analysis was conducted to determine the phosphorylation level of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK, expressed as the ratio of phosphorylated to total p38 MAPK) and AhR protein expression; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted to detect levels of IL-1α and IL-6 in the cell culture supernatant in each group. One-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of means among multiple groups, and least significant difference- t test was used for multiple comparisons. Results:The mRNA and protein expression of IL-1α in SZ95 sebocytes significantly differed among the control group, resveratrol group, benzo (a) pyrene group and resveratrol+benzo (a) pyrene group (mRNA: 2.045 ± 0.272, 2.058 ± 0.154, 3.124 ± 0.094, 2.185 ± 0.337, protein: 9.132 ± 1.181, 9.429 ± 0.771, 20.361 ± 0.907, 9.917 ± 0.897, F=14.662, 101.705, P < 0.01, < 0.001, respectively) , and were significantly lower in the resveratrol+benzo (a) pyrene group than in the benzo (a) pyrene group (both P < 0.01) . In addition, the phosphorylation level of p38 was significantly higher in the benzo (a) pyrene group than in the control group, resveratrol group and resveratrol+benzo (a) pyrene group ( F=303.129, P < 0.000 1) . The mRNA expression of AhR, CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 was significantly lower in the resveratrol+benzo (a) pyrene group than in the benzo (a) pyrene group ( t=10.64, 33.599, 18.327, respectively, all P < 0.001) . The benzo (a) pyrene group showed significantly decreased protein expression of AhR compared with the resveratrol+benzo (a) pyrene group ( P < 0.001) . Conclusion:Resveratrol can inhibit the environmental pollutant benzo (a) pyrene-induced expression of inflammatory factor IL-1α in SZ95 sebocytes, which is likely mediated by the AhR and p38MAPK pathways.

Objective:To explore the value of 18F-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) PET/CT in the assessment of early-stage graft fibrosis (S1-S2) after liver transplantation (LT). Methods:From November 2021 to April 2022, 17 adult liver transplant recipients (12 males and 5 females; age (52.6±7.9) years) in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University were enrolled retrospectively in this study. All 17 patients received laboratory examinations, FibroScan, 18F-FAPI PET/CT and liver biopsy. According to the Scheuer scoring system, hepatic tissue was divided into no fibrosis (S0) and early fibrosis (S1-S2). Independent-sample t test was used to compare SUV max between two groups, and Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare liver stiffness measurement (LSM). ROC curve analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of LSM and SUV max in the early fibrosis of liver grafts. Delong test was used to compare the difference of AUCs. Results:Among 17 adult LT recipients, 11 were in stage S0, 5 were in stage S1, and 1 was in stage S2. There were significant differences in LSM and SUV max between no fibrosis group and early fibrosis group (LSM: 5.4(4.7, 6.6) vs 12.9(5.6, 19.9) kPa, z=-2.01, P=0.044; SUV max: 1.7±0.8 vs 3.9±1.6, t=-3.14, P=0.019). The threshold value of LSM in predicting early-stage graft fibrosis was 8.2 kPa and the AUC was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.54-0.95), which was 2.0 and 0.92 (95% CI: 0.78-1.00) for SUV max respectively. There was no significant difference in AUC between the two tools ( z=0.80, P=0.421). Conclusion:18F-FAPI PET/CT can precisely evaluate the early fibrosis of allografts, with the similar diagnostic efficacy with FibroScan (LSM), which is expected to be a new non-invasive diagnostic tool for predicting the early-stage of graft liver fibrosis.