Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA) is a common clinic pathogen for nosocomial infections, such as pneumonia, bloodstream infection, endocarditis, skin soft-tissue infection, and osteoarticular infection, which brings giant challenge for clinic treatment.Vancomycin remains an acceptable treatment option, but it needs to be adjusted by pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic ( PK/PD ) parameters.Lipoglycopeptides show excellent antimicrobial activity in vitro, but their long half-lives and complex PKs may preclude these agents being used in critically ill patients.Anti-MRSA cephalosporins were reported to be associated with the emergence of its antimicrobial resistance, so clinicians should be cautious when employing these kinds of antibiotics in clinical practice.So far, only linezolid has been proved with better performance than vancomycin for the treatment of hospital acquired pneumonia due to MRSA. Tedizolid, which is also categorized as Oxazolidinone, has higher bioavailability with lower rate of adverse events, but more investigation and validation are still needed for clinic application.Daptomycin displays similar performance with vancomycin on bloodstream infection due to MRSA, so it is recommended as the main drug for the treatment of MRSA associated bloodstream infection.Others such as quinupristin/dalfopristin and tigecycline are all lack of clinical evidence on the treatment of MRSA associated severe infections, so they are only considered when other anti-MRSA drugs showing inferior clinical effects. Rifampicin, Gentamicin, Fosfomycin, Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim and other drugs may be administered for combination therapy, but clinical evidence is still lacking.

Objective To observe the treatment and prophylaxis of deep venous thrombosis(DVT) following fracture of lower limb and the hemorheological changes before and after treatment.Methods 26 patients underwent fracture of lower limb for study received thromholytic therapy,decreasing blood viscosity,promoting blood circulation by eliminating stasis.Before treatment and on the tenth day after treatment,the hemorheological parameters were tested.There existed a statistical analysis for the data processing.Results Among 26 patients,therapeutic evaluation:12 patients was superior,13 patients were favorable,only one patient was infective,and the total effective rate was 96.2%.Curative effect was satisfied.Conclusions The most important was prevention first for the patient with DVT following fracture of lower limb.The critical measure was early diagnosis and early treatment.

BACKGROUND:Transforming growth factor beta-1(TGF-β1)is a cytokine having variously biological effects in repair and renew of tissue injuries; meanwhile, tendon sheath fibroblasts and collagen Ⅰ play important roles in healing and desmoplasia of tendon.OBJECIVE:To study the effects of TGF-β1 on the proliferation and collagen production of tendon sheath fibroblasts.epitenon tenocytes and endotenon tenocytes in the three cell types of rabbit fexor tendon.DESIGN:Contrast observation study.SETTING:Department of Trauma Surgery,Affiliated Hospital of Medical College,Qingdao University.MATERIALS:The experiment was carried out in the Animal Laboratory,Affiliated Hospital of Medical College,Qingdao University from July 2004 to September 2005.A total of 6 adult New Zealand rabbits,of either gender,weighing 3.5-4.5 kg,were selected from Qingdao Experimental Animal Center.Collagenase was provided by Sigma Company;collagen Ⅰ,Ⅱand Ⅲ antibody by Sigma Company;TGF-β1 by Wuhan Boster Biology Company.METHODS: Three cell lines of tendon sheath,epitenon and endotenon were isolated from rabbit flexor tendon and cultured in serum culture media and then in serum-free culture media.In addition,the cells in the experimental group were added with 5 μg/L TGF-β1 in each well,but they were not added with any additive in the control group.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:①Proliferation in the two groups was measured with cytometry at 1,2,3 and 4 days after culture.②Preduction of collagens Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ was measured with immunohistochemical staining at 4 days after culture.③Collagen contents of the three types were measured with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)in the two groups;expressJon of collagen Ⅰ gene was detected with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).④Contents of collagen Ⅰ induced by TGF-β1 in various dosages of 0,5.10,15 and 20 μg/L were detected with ELISA technique.RESULTS:①Proliferated rates were similar in the two groups at 1 day after culture;however,proliferated rate of tendon sheath fibroblasts was rapidly increased, and there was significant difference as compared with that of epitenontenocytes and endotenon tenocytes(P＜0.05).②Expressions of collagens Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ:Immunocytochemical stain demonstrated that three kinds of cells could produce collagens Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ;while ELISA indicated that the contents of collagens in three types produced by tendon sheath fibroblasts were the most;in addition,content of collage Ⅰ was higher in the experimental group than that in the control group(P＜0.05-0.01).③Expression of collage Ⅰ gene of tendon sheath fibroblasts was increased as 1.3 times in the experimental group as that in the control group and there was signiflcant difierence(P＜0.01);meanwhile,expressions in epitenon tenocytes and endotenon tenocytes were also higher in the experimental group than those in the control group(P＜0.05).④TGF-β1 in the dosage of 5-10 μg/L had obvious effects on increasing production of collagen;however,production of collagen was not obviously changed when it was affeCted by TGF-β1 in the dosage of 10-20 μg/L.CONCLUSION: TGF-β1 can increase the production of collagen in tendon sheath fibroblasts,epitenon tenocytes and endotenon tenocytes and the expression of collagen Ⅰ gene. In addition, it is important for regulating level of TGF-β1 after tendon injury to prevent adhesion of tendon.

Objective To explore the expression of breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) in human colorectal cancer and its correlation with the efficacy of platinum-based chemotherapy.Methods Seventy-eight cases of colorectal cancer patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy after surgery were collected.The surgical specimens of them were taken.Fourteen normal colonic mucosa specimens and 12 non-cancerous tissues of colorectal cancer specimens were obtained.The expression of BRCA1 in tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry and analyzed by x2 test.The colorectal cancer patients were followed up for survival time.Comparison of survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Log-rank test.Results The positive rate of the BRCA1 expression in colorectal cancer tissue (52.6 ％,41/78) was lower than that of para-cancer tissue (11/12,x2 =6.518,P=0.011) and normal colonic mucosa tissue (13/14,x2 =7.949,P=0.005).The poorer the differentiation of colorectal cancer,the lower the positive rate of BRCA1 (x2=14.160,P=0.001).The median disease-free survival time of BRCA1 negative colorectal cancer patients was 51.0 months (95 ％ CI:47.7 to 54.4 months),which was longer than that of BRCA1 positive patients (45.0 months,95 ％CI:36.6 to 53.4 months,x2 =4.367,P=0.032).Conclusions Receiving oxaliplatin based chemotherapy may be a survival benefit for BRCA1 negative colorectal cancer patients.The expression of BRCA1 may be an index for chemotherapy options and prognosis evaluation for colorectal cancer patients after surgery.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize ultrasonic-assisted extraction technology of total flavonoids from Vaccinium uliginosum. METHODS:Based on single factor test,the ultrasonic-assisted extraction technology of total flavonoids from V. uliginosum was op-timized by orthogonal test,using the yield of total flavonoids as index,with ethanol volume fraction,solid-liquid ratio and ultrason-ic power as factors. The optimized technology was validated and compared with traditional ethanol reflux method(reflux extracting for 2 times,2 h each time). RESULTS:The optimal extraction technology was as follows as the solid-liquid ration of 1:25,70%ethanol,ultrasonic power of 250 W(40 min for ultrasonic time). In validation test,the yield of total flavonoids from V. uliginosum was 3.98%(RSD=0.41%,n=3),and the yield of total flavonoids was 2.25% by ethanol reflux method. CONCLUSIONS:The ultrasonic-assisted extraction is obviously superior to ethanol reflux method on extraction time and effects,and it is suitable for in-dustrialized production.

Objectives:To detect the relationship between cerebrovascular function and the disease term in type 2 diabetes. Methods:A total of 38 type 2 diabetes patients and 17 health control subjects entered the study. Patients were divided into two groups: those with long term diabetes and those with short term diabetes. Mean blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery(MCA),internal carotid artery(ICA), anterior cerebral artery(ACA),basilar artery(BA) and pulsatility index(PI) were measured with a transcranial Doppler probe and the breathlolding index(BHI) were calculated. Results:V MCA and V BA in the long term DM group was significantly greater than those in the short term group and the control group( P

ObjectiveTo study the diagnosis and treatment of peripelvic cysts.MethodsA view of the diagnosis and treatment of 14 cases and an evaluation of the different means of diagnosis and treatment were carried out.Results12 cases were followed up for 6～48 months post-operatively.11 cases were well recovered,with no reoccurrence or complication,and in 2 the high blood pressure dropped to normal whereas repeated urinary infection has been noted postoperatively in 1.ConclusionsB supersonic exam,KUB+IVU,CT exam are the most effective means to the diagnosis of this disease,CT exam being the first choice.Open renal cystectomy is indicated.

Objective To study the factors that might influence the PSA-value. Methods Serum samples were collected from 165 cases of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH),43 cases of prostate cancer (PCa) and 41 cases of chronic prostatitis (CP),both before and after digital rectal examination (DRE),cystoscope examination,indwelling catheterization and finasteride intake. Results In the BPH group,T-PSA elevated from (2.28?2.07)ng/ml to (4.77?5.23)ng/ml, P

To study the effects of MRF4 transfection on differentiation and expression of myogenic regulatory factors of human rhabdomyosarcoma RD cells, the plasmid-MRF4 cDNA was transfected into cultured rhabdomyosarcoma RD cells with lipofectin method. The myogenic regulatory factors MRF4 and MyoD mRNA were measured with in situ hybridization and the expressions of myosin heavy chain(MHC) and a-actin in the cells were assayed with immunocytochemical method. The cell growth and morphology were observed at the same time. It was found that the morphology of differentiation increased and the growth was suppressed in RD cells after transfection. The expression of MHC and a-actin were significantly increased in RD cells after transfection, while the expressions of MRF4 and MyoD mRNA were up-regulated. It is suggested that transfection of MRF4 can induce differentiation of RD cells and up-regulate the expression of MyoD.