Objective To investigate the accuracy of computer-assisted interpretation(CAI)in the diagnosis of pediatric critical arrhythmia,and to establish Logistic regression model to evaluate the main risk factors of CAI error.Methods 1147 cases of arrhythmia patients were divided into heart disease(HD)and nonheart disease group(NHD).Candidate risk factors were chosen,from which the vailables statistically significant were entered for logistic regression analysis.Results CAI error rate of HD group and NHD group were 24.9%and 11.4%,showing a significant difference(P＜0.05).Age,underlying diseases,the number of CAI diagnosis entries were the risk factors.Conclusion CAI error pattern was different among HD group and the NHD group.Higher awareness for CAI error risk factors and CAI technology improvement are critical for a lower CAI error rate.

Objective To investigate the association between pet ownership and lung function in children without asthma,and to provide scientific basis for the improvement of lung function in children. Methods Data was drawn from the cross-sectional study ,the clusters were randomly selected from 1 to 2 junior middle schools and primary schools in 24 administrative regions of seven cities in Liaoning Province. The ATS questionnaire survey was performed,and lung function including the forced expiratory volume in 1 second(FEV1),forced vital capacity (FVC),maximal mid-expiratory flow(MMEF)and peak expiratory flow(PEF)was measured by utilizing portable electronic spirometers. Results In this study ,about 6280 children without asthma aged 7 ~ 14 years were enrolled,49.47 % of the children was male. The average lung function of FVC,FEV1,PEF and MMEF was (2.63±0.75)L,(2.47 ± 0.70)L,(4.80 ± 1.42)L/s and(3.37±1.05)L/s,respectively. By adjusting confounding fac-tors,we found pet ownership in the first 2 years of life was significantly associated with the predicted lung function impairment of FVC<85%(aOR=1.30;95%CI:1.01~1.67);current pet ownership was significantly associated with the predicted lung function impairment of FVC < 85%(aOR = 1.32;95% CI:1.09 ~ 1.61),the predicted FEV1<85%(aOR=1.47;95%CI:1.19~1.83),the predicted PEF<75%(aOR=1.48;95%CI:1.16~1.88) and the predicted MMEF<75%(aOR=1.35;95%CI:1.09~1.66). The in utero exposure was not related to lung function impairment. Conclusion Pets ownership has damaging effects on lung function in children without asth-ma,and it reduces FVC,FEV1,PEF and MMEF in children.

Objective To study the adverse effects of outdoor air pollution on children's respiratory system health in Anshan city. Methods 1951 children were randomly selected from three areas with different degree of air pollution in Anshan city. The parents of the children were asked to answer a questionnaire about their children's respiratory health and home environment. The data of health were collected included persistent cough, persistent phlegm, asthma, current asthma, wheeze, and wheeze symptom. Results The prevalence rates of persistent cough, persistent phlegm, asthma, current asthma, wheeze and wheeze symptom were 9.48%, 4.82%, 1.33%, 0.92%, 6.30% and 4.97% respectively. Outdoor air pollution was a risk factor for persistent cough and persistent phlegm. The respiratory symptoms increased as the house became near to the main traffic lines. Combined effect of susceptible factor and outdoor air pollution was obvious, the prevalence rates of respiratory diseases were higher in the susceptible children who were influenced by the other risk factors compared with those who were not influenced by the same factors. Conclusion Outdoor air pollution is an important factor which will damage children's respiratory system in Anshan city.

Objective To study the effect of autonomic nerve activity on emotion experience.Methods 71 healthy males were asked to see a neutral film STICK and conduct a computer game,then evaluated emotion experience.All participants were recorded skip temperature,skin conduction,heart rate,LF and HF during baseline and game periods.Results (1) There was significant difference in fear experience among high,middle and low synchronous groups (2.64 ± 2.05,2.50 ± 2.01,4.46 ± 2.41; P＜ 0.01),and low synchronous group was significantly higher than high synchronous group (P ＜ 0.01).The main effects of three periods were significant in basis of three response types of autonomic nerve activity(skin conduction:F(2.68) =76.083,P＜0.01; heart rate:F(2.68) =71.692,P ＜ 0.01),and skip temperature,skin conduction and heart rate were no significant difference among three response types.Types and periods had no significant interaction.(2) Different response modes of autonomic nervous system has different distributions in high fear and low fear groups (x2 =9.763,P ＜ 0.01).Skip temperature,skin conduction and heart rate were no significant difference between high fear group and low fear group.Conclusion The modes of autonomic nervous system have an effect on intensity of fear experience,but not the same in skip temperature,skin conduction and heart rate.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance and changes of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S100 protein in blood serum in patients with enterovirus 71 infection.Methods A total of 176 children with enterovirus 71 infection admitted from March 1,2012 through October 31,2012 were enrolled for a prospective and control study.According to diagnostic criteria of the enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection instituted by expert consensus for treatment of severe patients sets in 2011,the patients were divided into three groups:mild group (n =62),severe group (n =65) and critically care group (n =49),and another 30 healthy children served as control group.The demographics of patients including age and sex were comparable between control group and the sick children groups.Four milliliter of peripheral blood were taken from ill children on the first day before treatment and on the first,second,third day after treatment.The blood samples of healthy children were taken on the first day after physical examination.At the same time,the clinical data of blood routine,blood biochemistry,myocardial enzymes and C-reactive protein during the first 24 hours were collected.Immunohistochemical technique was used to study the change of NSE and S100 levels in serum.Data were expressed in mean ± standard deviation ((x) ± s) and were statistically analyzed by using SPSS 13.0 statistical software.Comparisons were carried out among different groups with one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and between groups were performed with the Student t test.Changes were considered as statistically significant if P values was less than 0.05.Results ①Compared with mild group and control group,the levels of NSE and S100 protein were significantly higher in severe group and critically care group (P ＜0.05).②The serum levels of NSE and S100 protein in severe group were higher than in those in mild group with better outcomes (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The serum levels of NSE and S100 protein as biomarkers can be used to evaluate the severity of EV71 infection,and can also be used to determine the efficacy of treatment.

Objective:To investigate the effect of chronic ethanol consumption on sensory information transmission in the cerebellar molecular layer and reveal the mechanism of chronic alcoholism on sensory information transmission and integration in the cerebellar cortex.Methods:Fifty healthy male ICR mice aged 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into saline group(control group)and ethanol consumption group(alcohol group) according to the random number table, with 25 mice in each group.The mice in alcohol group were injected intraperitoneally with 20% ethanol daily, while the mice in control group were injected with the same dose of normal saline. All mice were injected intraperitoneally once a day for 28 days.Through electrophysiological technology, patch-clamp amplifier and data acquisition software were used to record the changes in cerebellar molecular layer field potential of mice in the alcohol group and control group induced by sensory stimulation.Clampfit 10.3 software was used to record and analyze the electrophysiological data. SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Paired t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze the differences before and after treatment. Results:After giving the stimulation of wind blowing, the amplitude of P1 in alcohol group was significantly higher than that in control group ((121.31±3.5)%, (97.2±2.7)%; t=26.08, P<0.05), and the area under the P1 curve (AUC) of the alcohol group was significantly lower than that of the control group ((127.1±4.2)%, (102.2±3.5)%; t=22.95, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in N1 amplitude between the two groups (P>0.05). When L-NNA, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, was perfused into the brain surface of mice, the amplitude of P1 in alcohol group was significantly lower than that before administration ((76.2±4.8)%, (103.5±3.6)%; t=22.60, P<0.05), but there was no difference of the amplitude of P1 before administration and after elution ((101.5±4.6)%) ( t=1.70, P>0.05). After the L-NNA was perfused, the AUC of P1 was significantly lower than that before administration((72.4±5.6)%, (102.7±2.66)% ( t=24. 58, P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between before administration and after elution( (100.6±3.5)%, t=1.81, P>0.05). When L-NNA was perfused into the brain surface of mice, the amplitude of P1 in control group was (104.3±1.6)% and it had no differences compared with before administration(102.2±5.6)%, t=1.84, P>0.05) and after elution(102.5±4.5)%, t=1.92, P>0.05). And the AUC of P1 in control group after perfused L-NNA had no differences compared with before administration(103.5±2.6)%, (102.5±4.6)%) and after elution((101.9±3.7)%, t=0.99, 1.81, both P>0.05). When the mouse brain surface was perfused with NO donor SNAP, the amplitude of P1 in the control group was significantly higher than that before administration( (128.2±3.4)%, (103.5±2.6)%; t=28.89, P<0. 05) and there was no difference between before administration and after elution( (105.4±4.2)% , t=1.93, P>0.05). The AUC of P1((125.4±4.4)%) was higher than before administration((104.3±4.6)% , t=16.60, P<0.05) and there was no difference between before administration and after elution(103.5±4.2)%, t=0.65, P>0.05). Conclusion:Chronic ethanol consumption significantly enhances the inhibitory response, and the enhancement of inhibitory components stems from the activation of the NO signaling pathway.

Objective To study the influence of exposure factors on posttraumatic stress disorder( PTSD) and Posttraumatic Growth( PTG) in middle school students in disaster area four years after the Wenchuan earth?quake . Methods 1 526 students from four schools in Worst?Hit Areas were investigated with Self?compiled Earth?quake Exposure Factors Questionnaire,Posttraumatic Growth Inventory( C?PTGI) and Impact of Event Scale( IES?R). Data were analyzed by ANOVA and multiple linear regression analysis.Results The score of IES?R had sig?nificant difference between different levels of all exposure factors(F=5.75~89.10, P<0.05) ,and students with high exposure level((26.68±14.66),(26.80±15.56),(27.83±14.62),(29.02±15.36),(27.77±15.74),(26.74± 15.63),(25.43±14.32),(29.51±14.36)) had heavier symptoms of PTSD than those with low exposure level ((22.84±13.96),(23.98±13.99),(23.63±14.21),(23.53±13.96),(23.64±13.83),(24.24±14.15),(21.27± 14.35),(17.54±13.34)). Only exposure factors of having witnessed someone injured and having close friends se?riously injured or being killed could significantly influence the score of PTGI(F=11.82, P=0.001;F=6.23, P=0.013). Regression analysis showed that five exposure factors (grade,having felt scared,having family members being killed,having close friends seriously injured or being killed,having witnessed someone injured) had signifi?cant effect on IES(ΔR 2=0.141) ,but only one factor( having witnessed someone injured) had weak effect on PTG (ΔR 2=0.007).Conclusion Exposure factors can predict posttraumatic stress symptoms in middle school students in Wenchuan four years after the earthquake,and the emotion of fear is a strongest predictor,but they can not pre?dict posttraumatic growth.

Objective To summarize the imaging characteristics of the hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE).Methods The clinical data of 6 patients with hepatic EHE who were admitted to the Yantaishan Hospital (3 patients), Zhangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2 patients) and Zhangqiu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (1 patient) between March 2007 and June 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.All the patients underwent plain scan and dynamic enhanced scan of computed tomography (CT), and the number,shape, size, location, density or signal, level and method of enhancement of the lesions were observed and analyzed.Six patients were followed up by outpatient imaging examination up to June 2014, and the changes of lesions were observed.Results Among the 6 patients, 1 solitary lesion and 5 multiple lesions were detected, and the total lesions were 125 including 1 patient with 75 lesions.The lesions were round or round-like and originated commonly from the right lobe of liver and hepatic subcapsular with a maximum diameter of 0.5-3.5 cm.Plain scan of CT showed that the lesions in 6 patients had low density with the clear boundary.MRI showed that low T1 WI signal and high or slightly high T2WI signal of the lesions were detected in 4 patients.Two patients had liver capsular retraction sign.The ring-like enhancement of 1 lesion and homogeneous enhancement of 5 lesions were found by dynamic enhanced scan of CT in 6 patients and enhanced scan of MRI in 4 patients.Enhanced signal in all the lesions was detected in the delayed phase.Veins into or through lesions were found in 3 lesions, with normal or narrowing vascular cavity.One patient had visible lollipop sign.Of the 6 patients, 5 were confirmed as with metastatic carcinoma of liver, and 1 was suggested as with cholangiocarcinoma.Six patients were diagnosed with hepatic EHE by pathological examination using hepatic biopsy technique.Among the 2 patients with hepatic EHE who didn't receive antineoplastic treatment after the diagnosis, 1 patient received CT examination at year 2 after first visit, which showed capsular retraction sign, and then was diagnosed as with secondary hepatic cirrhosis by MRI at 4 years after first visit.Another patient was diagnosed as with hepatic cirrhosis by CT examination at year 6.5 after first visit.One patient was diagnosed with tumor recurrence of hepatic left lobe by CT reexamination at postoperative year 4, and underwent ultrasound-guided radio frequency ablation (RFA) treatment based on no enlargement of tumor during 1-year follow-up, and then returned a normal condition after half year follow-up.Other 3 patients undergoing operation were followed up at postoperative year 1 , 4, 5 with no recurrence and metastasis.Conclusions Intrahepatic single or multiple nodules and delayed reinforcement by dynamic enhanced scan of CT and MRI are the typical imaging performances of hepatic EHE.There are certain characteristics in the liver the lollipop sign, capsular retraction sign and veins into or through the lesions.Mutual fusion and fibrosis of lesions leading ultimately to secondary liver cirrhosis may be characteristics of EHE growth.

Objective To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine pre-treatment on pneumonocyte apoptosis and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) in acute lung injury (ALI) induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) during orthotopic liver transplantation in rats.Methods Forty adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups by random number table method: sham operation group, I/R model group, dexmedetomidine low dose group and dexmedetomidine high dose group, 10 rats per group. Hepatic artery was ligated and cut off by two cuff method, and the portal vein was completely opened after donor liver transplanted into the recipient, thus, a hepatic I/R model was established. The perihepatic ligaments of rats were just separated after laparotomy in sham operation group and no other special treatment was performed. One hour prior to I/R, dexmedetomidine at a dose of 2.5μg·kg-1·h-1 and 5.0μg·kg-1·h-1, respectively, were pumped intravenously and finished within 1 hour in the rats of low dose group and high dose group. After experiment, the lung tissue was taken, and the lung wet/dry weight (W/D) ratio was determined. Pathological changes of lung tissue were observed and alveolar damage index of quantitative assessment (IQA) was tested by light microscope, and changes of ultrastructure of lung tissue were observed by transmission electron microscope. The mRNA and protein expressions of CHOP were detected respectively by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western Blot. The apoptosis in lung tissue was determined by terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) method and apoptosis index (AI) was calculated.Results Compared to sham operation group, the lung W/D ratio (4.94±0.84 vs. 2.29±0.54), IQA [(40.52±5.15)% vs. (4.55±1.85)%] and AI [(36.57±5.85)% vs. (2.85±0.95)%] in I/R model group were significantly higher (allP < 0.01); remarkable injury of lung tissue was confirmed by light microscope and transmission electron microscope in the I/R model group. Compared to I/R model group, the W/D ratio (3.29±0.85, 2.68±0.78 vs. 4.94±0.84), IQA [(23.69±2.62)%, (15.86±3.61)% vs. (40.52±5.15)%] and AI [(25.73±3.71)%, (14.66±2.61)% vs. (36.57±5.85)%] in dexmedetomidine low and high dose groups were markedly lower (allP < 0.01); under light and transmission electron microscopes, the injury of lung tissue in these two dose groups was notably alleviated. There was a large amount of apoptotic cells of pulmonary vascular endothelium and alveolar epithelium in I/R model group, while the cell apoptosis was distinctly decreased in dexmedetomidine low and high dose groups compared to that in model group. Compared to sham operation group, the expressions of CHOP mRNA [absorbance (A) value: 0.96±0.18 vs. 0.43±0.08] and protein (gray scale: 2.79±0.74 vs. 1.02±0.27) were significantly higher in I/R model group (bothP < 0.01). Compared to I/R model group, the expressions of CHOP mRNA (A value: 0.69±0.13, 0.56±0.12 vs. 0.96±0.18) and protein (gray scale: 1.96±0.58, 1.34±0.49 vs. 2.79±0.74) were significantly lower in dexmedetomidine low and high dose groups, the decrease in dexmedetomidine high dose group being more marked (allP < 0.01).Conclusion The pretreatment of dexmedetomidine can protect lung tissue against I/R injury during liver transplantation in rats, and the mechanism may be related to the suppression of CHOP activation and alleviation of lung tissue cell apoptosis.

Objective To investigate the interactive effects of obesity and breast feeding on asthma and asthma related symptoms among children. Methods Using a cluster random sampling method, 1 elemen-tary school and 2 kindergartens were randomly selected from each district of Shenyang. A total of 5 elementary schools and 10 kindergartens were included. The information about obesity and the type of breastfeeding, living environment and respiratory diseases were collected by an international standard questionnaire from American Thoracic Society while measuring physical system of children. Results A total of 9335 questionnaires were distributed to all the students enrolled in the selected schools, and 8371 completed questionnaires which collect-ed with a response rate of 89. 7%. Finally, 8212 questionnaires were used for further analysis with a qualified rate of 98. 1%. The percentage of overweight and obesity among children are 12. 7% and 15. 5% respectively. The percentage of breastfeeding was 78. 9%. The prevalence of obesity children with asthma (8. 5%) is nota-bly higher than normal children (5. 8%) with a significant difference (χ2 =13. 48, P=0. 0012), while the prevalence of breastfeeding children with asthma ( 6. 05%) is notably lower than non-breastfeeding children (7. 38%) with a significant difference (χ2 =4. 05; P=0. 04). Multivariate factor analysis showed that com-pared with normal weight children, obesity of breastfeeding children increased asthma risk by 38% ( OR =1. 38, 95%CI=1. 05 ~1. 82); while in non-breastfeeding children, obesity increased the risk of asthma by 56% (OR=1. 56, 95%CI=0. 99 ~2. 44). Further analysis showed obesity and breastfeeding for persistent phlegm and current wheeze in children. Conclusion Breastfeeding can significantly reduce the overweight obesity of children with asthma and asthma-like symptoms, and there is a significant impact on interaction.