The study on attitudes towards people with disabilities is one focus of special education, rehabilitation psychology and rehabilitation counseling. This article reviewed the measurement methods of the attitude towards people with disabilities from directed methods and indirect methods, and their limitation and future research tendency in this field were prospected.

Objective To explore the classification , age , ratio of gender , to provide clinical basis for prevention and treatment of pediatric eye diseases. Methods Clinical data of 0-14 year old patients with eye diseases from January 1993 to December 2014 were collected and analysized. Results The total rate of boy and girl is 2.14:1. Boys with ocular trauma were much more than girls , and the ratio of boy and girl is 3.7:1. The peak occurrence age of ocular trauma was 8 to 11 year old , 0-7 year old children with eye diseases mainly contained congenital diseases such as congenital cataract and congenital ptosis. Children between 7 to 14 year old were more liability to intermittent exotropia and accommodative esotropia. Retinopathy of prematurity was the most common eyeground disease. The most popular tumor were major in corneal dermoid and retinal glioblastoma, potential age was 1-6 year old. Conclusion Pediatric eye diseases should be paid more attention. Ocular examination were needed to be done periodically , primary diseases should be treated early , occurrence should be prevented depending on different ages , to protect the ocular function of children.

Objective To study the changes of serum levels of T-cell subgroups,cytokines and immunoglobulins on the pathogenesis of asthma in children,and explore the role of them in the pathogenesis of asthma. Methods Forty children with asthma (asthma attack group and asthma convalescence group) and 25 healthy children (control group) were enrolled in this study.The level of CD3+CD4+ and CD8+T-cell were determined using flow cytometry (FCM).The levels of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-8 and IgE were determined using ELISA, the level of IgG,IgA and IgM were detected by immunoturbidimetry.Results Compated with control group,there were higher levels of CD3+ and CD4+T-cell and CD4+/CD8+ in asthma attack group (P＜0.01),and higher levels of CD4+T-cell and CD4+/CD8+ in asthma convalescence group (P＜0.05),while no difference in the level of CD8+T-cell The level of CD4+T-cell and CD4+/CD8+ were higher in asthma convalescence group than those in control group (P＜0.05).The level so IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-αin asthma attack group were higher than those in asthma convalescence group and control group (P＜0.05 or＜0.01),the level of TNF-α was significantly higher in asthma convalescence than that in control group (P＜0.05).There were higher levels of IgE and IgG in astham attack group than those in asthma convalescence group and control group (P＜0.01 or＜0.05),the level of IgA was lower than than in conrtol group (P＜0.01).There was higher level of IgE in asthma convalescence group than that in control group (P＜0.01).Conclusions The immune imbalance exists in children with asthma at both attack and convalescence stages.A long-time anti-allergy trealment for childhood nsthma is necessary.

Objective To observe the influence of Baicalin and Octreotide on lung injury of rat with severe acute pancreatitis(SAP) and discuss the therapeutic effect and mechanism of the two medicines on SAP.Methods The improved Aho(?)method was adopted to pre- pare SAP rat models via retrograde injection of 3.5% sodium taurocholate to the pancreatic duct.The 135 SAP rat models after being pre- pared were randomly divided into the model group,Baicalin treatment group and Octreotide treatment group with 45 rats in each group;an- other 45 were selected to be the sham operation group which only received abdomen opening surgery.The above - mentioned groups were then randomly divided into 3h,6h and 12h groups with 15 rats in each group.Observed respectively at 3h,6h and 12h after operation,the mortalities of all rat groups followed by batch execution of rats,and then observed the gross pathological and pathological changes of lung. The tissue microarrays technology was applied to prepare the lung tissue microarrays sections.The changes in Bax and bcl-2 protein ex- pression levels of lung tissue of each group were observed via immunohistochemical staining and meanwhile the TUNEL method was applied to observe the lung cell category and apoptotic index changes of lung tissue in each group.Results The 12h survival of model group was 66,67% while those of Baicalin treatment group and Octreotide treatment groups were both 100%,indicating a marked difference(P＜0.05).Comparison of lung pathological score disclosed:The model group and Baicalin treatment group obviously exceeded the sham oper- ation group at various time points(P＜0.01);at 6h and 12h the Baicalin treatment group was obviously less than the model group(P＜0.05)and the Oetreotide treatment group less than the model group(P＜0.01).Comparison of Bax protein of lung in each group dis- closed:The Baicalin treatment group and Octreotide treatment group obviously exceeded the sham operation group and model group at 3h (P＜0.05),meanwhile the Baicalin treatment group obviously exceeded the Octreotide treatment group(P＜0.01).Changes of lung bcl -2 protein expression level of all groups disclosed:The model group and Baicalin treatment group obviously exceeding the sham operation group(P＜0.01)as well as the Octreotide treatment group(P＜0.05)at different time points,the Baicalin treatment group was obviously less than the model group at 6h(P＜0.05).The peak of apoptosis occurred to the Baicalin treatment group at 6h,but statistics showed no obvious difference among all groups at different time points(P＞0.05).Conclusions(1)Both Baicalin and Octreotide have protecting effect on SAP lung injury and their therapeutic mechanism is possibly related to apoptosis.The application of tissue microarrays in SAP pathological examination can save manpower and material resources,cut down the experimental cost and improve the experimental efficien- cy,thus worth popularizing.

Objective To approach the reason and treatment of arrhythmia after total pneumonectomy. Methods 94 arrhythmic cases after total pneumonectomy surgery were reviewed, the arrhythmia's clinical types, developing reasons and treatment process were summarized. Results There are 34 arrhythmic cases (36.2%) in all the 94 patients, most of them are sinus tachycardia. The incidences of arrhythmic are about 22.5 % and 78.3 % for normal and abnormal ECG patients before operation. The incidences of arrhythmic are also about 24.2% and 28.1% for using PCEA or not using any pain killers after surgery. Conclusion Arrhythmia after total pneumonectomy was influenced by patients' age, previous medical history, suffered hypoxemia during operation and high cardiac irritability. Using interventional treatment for patients with cardiovascular disease before operation, give enough oxygen, keep respiratory tract ease and smooth and using analgesia can significantly decease the arrhythmic incidence after total pneumonectomy.

Objective To establish the cancer vaccine (EC109-DC) prepared by fusions of esophageal carcinoma cell line with dendritic cell derived from cord blood and study the biological characteristics and antitumor immunity.Methods CD 34 + hematopoietic stem cells were isolated from cord blood using CD 34 + Progenitor Cell Isolation Kit by magnetic cell sorting system (MACS);expended the cells as DC,and then fused with EC109 by PEG-3600;selected the fusion cells by MACS;observed the phenotypes and proliferation by flow cytometry and technique of cell culture in vitro. Lymphocytes proliferation reaction and the CTL cytotoxicity were examined with MTT.Results EC109-DC could proliferate slowly in vitro and highly expressed CD80,CD83 and CD86.Lymphocytes proliferation reaction and the specific cytotoxicity against EC109 induced by EC109-DC cells were significantly higher than the control groups (P

Objective: To investigate effect of soyasaponins in the prevention of hyperlipidemia in mice and its molecular mechanism. Methods: 56 healthy mice were randomly divided into 7 groups according to their levels of TC in serum: normal control, high fat control, high fat with 20mg/kg.d gypenosides,high fat with soyasaponins of four doses(5 mg/kg.d, 10mg/kg.d, 20mg/kg.d, 30 mg/kg.d). Results: As compared to high fat control soyasaponins significantly reduced the serum TC, LDL-C, TG concentrations, and increased the HDL-C levels distinctly. They significantly deceased MDA content, increased the activities of SOD and LPL in liver. The results of RT-PCR showed that high fat feeding could induce the reduction of LPL mRNA expression, while soyasaponins could increase it. Conclusion: Soyasoponins prevent hyperlipidemia through upregulation of LPL mRNA expression and increase of antioxidative capacity.

Objective To evaluate the teaching method of three-stage learning(STL) in ICU's ventilation education.Methods 18 ICU interns and transferred doctors were taught with STL method in ventilation education.The teaching effect was evaluated.Results Doctors with STL method got better effect.Conclusion STL method is practical and suitable for ventilation teaching in ICU.

AIM: To investigate the effects of major operation wound on both endothelin (ET) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in hematoplasma of patients. METHODS: We measured both endothelin and calcitonin gene-related peptide in hematoplasma during perioperative period for 30 patients who underwent Ⅲ category operation and for 15 patients who underwent Ⅳ category operation. RESULTS: After operation, ET and CGRP in hematoplasma of both groups who underwent Ⅲ category and Ⅳ category operation were significantly increased compared with those before operation (P

Objective To explore the clinical features of female recurrent major depression(MD) patients with and without suicidal ideation.Methods 301 female recurrent major depression patients were interviewed by specially trained interviewers using computer evaluation system and divided into suicidal ideation group and non-suicidal ideation group according to suicidal ideation.The comparisons between the two groups were investigated on items of demographic, clinical data, assessment of psychopathology, Eysenck neuroticism questionnaire, stressful life events.Results 66.4％ of MD patients have suicidal ideation.Compared with non-suicidal ideation group, there were more total number of MD symptoms (8.58±0.77, OR=2.476, P=1.154× 10-9) and melancholia symptoms (6.74±1.07, OR=1.546, P=0.001) and it was more common in the factors of less appetite (OR=2.201, P=0.011), lose weight (OR=2.030, P=0.004), early morning awakening (OR=1.774, P=0.045), worthless (OR =2.352, P=0.014), impaired decision-making (OR=2.044, P=0.018), hopelessness (OR=7.130, P=6.651 × 10-9) ,helpless (OR=2.046, P=0.049) in suicidal ideation group.Also in suicidal ideation group the scores of neuroticism dimension (OR=1.631, P=0.024) were higher, and they were more suffered from stressful life events (OR=1.302, P=0.008).Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that total number of MD symptoms (OR=4.840, P=1.154×10-8) ,stressful life events (OR=1.392, P=0.014) and hopelessness (OR=3.528, P=0.008)were significantly associated with suicidal ideation.Conclusion Specific clinical features are associated with suicidal ideation among female patients of recurrent depression disorder.Hopelessness, stressful life events are risk factors of suicide ideation in female recurrent major depression patients.Integrated clinical assessment should be taken for recurrent major depression patients with suicidal ideation.