ObjectiveTo describe the morphological variation of pointed teeth of buccal armature of Sergentomyia nankingensis in a supplementary study. Methods The morphology of Sergentomyia nankingensis was observed and the specimens included S nankingensis captured from the field as well as the female ones bred in the laboratary and their offspring of first generation. Results The buccal armature of females and males, consists of about 10-19 and 8-15 pointed teeth and the pigmented plate is polymorphous. In the nature,the number of pointed teeth of buccal armature of Sergentomyia is unstable,varying in more than 10 teeth in the same species sometimes. Conclusion Identification of species needs large amount of specimens for comparative observation. Sergentomyia sandfly should be raised separately and individually for morphological observation of its newly emerged offspring, especially when the sandfly specimens and data collected in the field were not sufficient.

Based on the comprehensive studies in the past years, the authors reviewed important findings on biology, especially the resting habits, of the four major species of sandflies transmitting visceral leishmaniasis. The effective ways for sandfly control were also discussed.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the cultivation method for community pharmaceutical care talents in higher vocational colleg-es. METHODS:According to the talent training aims to meet the demand of community pharmaceutical service positions in higher vo-cational colleges,the teaching reform was carried out for talent cultivation mode,course structure system,training base construction and teaching methods. RESULTS:In terms of talent cultivation mode,the work-integrated learning mode was built;in terms of course structure system,“Medicine,Pharmacy,Humanities and Expansion”course module was constructed to further optimize it;in terms of training base construction,the capital investment was increased to improve the school training base,meanwhile,cooperation between schools and enterprises was carried out to strengthen the construction of out-of-school training bases;in terms of teaching methods, PBL,case teaching model and situational teaching method were implemented. CONCLUSIONS:The quality of pharmaceutical talents has been significantly improved by implementing reform of the talent cultivation mode,the course structure system and teaching meth-ods,together with constructing training bases.

BACKGROUND:Progressive fracture of the cartilage is considered the characteristic lesion in later osteoarthritis, the expression of osteoarthritis-related factors such as hyaluronic acid, osteopontin and CD44 in osteoarthritic cartilage is increased.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of hyaluronic acid on the expression of osteopontin mRNA and CD44 mRNA of chondrocytes in the in vitro cultured chondrocytes of patients with knee osteoarthritis.
METHODThe cartilage samples obtained from osteoarthritic patients were cultured and purified into acquire chondrocytes in vitro, and the cells were divided into three groupblank control group, hyaluronic acid (100 mg/mL) group and hyaluronidase (200 mg/mL) group. After 48 hours of cellculture, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay was used to detect the expression of CD44 mRNA and osteopontin mRNA. The difference of the expression levels before and after the intervention of hyaluronic acid was compared and analyzed using SPSS 17.0 software.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the blank control group, hyaluronic acid (100 mg/mL) upregulated osteopontin mRNA expression in the chondrocytes, hyaluronidase (200 mg/mL) also reduced osteopontin mRNA expression in the chondrocytes. The CD44 mRNA expression in the chondrocytes of hyaluronic acid (100 mg/mL) group and hyaluronidase (200 mg/mL) group was lower than that in the blank control group. Hyaluronic acid can upregulate the expression of the osteopontin mRNA expression in the osteoarthritic chondrocytes;the biphasic effects of hyaluronic acid on CD44 mRNA expression in osteoarthritic chondrocytes might be associated with the molecule weight of hyaluronic acid.

BACKGROUND:Pain after arthroscopic treatment can not only affect the patient’s life quality, and is not
conducive to the early reasonable exercise and functional recovery of the patients after treatment. Up to 2012, there are 18 randomized placebo-control ed trials on intra-articular injection of bupivacaine for analgesia after arthroscopic surgery, but the results are different.
OBJECTIVE:To examine the efficacy and safety of intra-articular injection of bupivacaine in the management of pain after arthroscopic surgery through randomized placebo-control ed trials.
METHODS:The MEDLINE database, Cochrane Central Register and Google Scholar database were retrieved for the randomized control ed trials on intra-articular injection of bupivacaine in the management of pain after
arthroscopic surgery up to April 2012. The key words were“bupivacaine, intra-articular, arthroscopic, postoperative pain, placebo”.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Eighteen studies (n=934) were included (461 cases in bupivacaine group and 473
cases in the placebo control group). The Meta-analysis results showed the visual analog scale score of the bupivacaine group was lower than that of the placebo control group (weighted mean difference:-1.39, 95%confidence interval:-2.17 to-0.61, P<0.000 01), and the number of patients required supplementary analgesia was less than the placebo control group (relative risk:0.84, 95%confidence interval:0.62 to 1.66, P=0.010). The time from first supplementary analgesia to postoperative intra-articular injection in the bupivacaine group was longer that in the placebo control group (weighted
mean difference:157.72, 95%confidence interval:16.43 to 299.01, P<0.000 01). There was no significant difference in the incidence of side effect between two groups (relative risk:0.64, 95%confidence interval:0.29 to 1.44, P=0.48). On the basis of the currently available literature, the intra-articular of bupivacaine after arthroscopic surgery can significantly relieve pain without increasing the adverse reactions when compared with the placebo control group.

OBJECTIVETo compare the canines root resorption and alveolar bone height when they were moved into different healing extraction sites.

METHODSTwenty patients with overjet were treated by extracting the maxillary first premolars. By random determination, distalization of different lateral upper canines started after 1 week and 12 weeks. Every 4 weeks use a force of approximately 100 g to distalize the canines. The experiment was ended when bilateral canines have contacted with the second maxillary bicuspids completely. Periapical radiography of the canine in the end of the distalization was made.

RESULTSExternal apical root resorption and alveolar bone height of the canines have no significant difference between the different healing extraction sites.

CONCLUSIONTooth extraction site healing has not much effect on the canine external apical root resorption and alveolar bone height, when it was distalization. In practice, tooth movement into extraction sites can start early.

Adolescent ; Bicuspid ; Cuspid ; Humans ; Root Resorption ; Tooth Extraction ; Tooth Movement Techniques

Objective To investigate the expression of sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin-one (Siglec-1, also called CD169) in lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils in peripheral blood in patients with coronary heart disease(CHD), and explore the relationship between Siglec-1 expression and atheresclerosis. Methods CD145 CD169 positive cell proportion and CD169 mRNA levels were respectively measured by flow cytometry and real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (FQ-RT-PCR) in 57 CHD patients and 38 healthy controls. And the levels of serum hpids were determined by automatic biochemistry analyzer. Results The flow cytometry analysis showed that CD169 protein was not found in lymphocytes and neutrophils in both CHD patients and healthy controls. The rate of CD14 CD169 double positive ceils in monocytes in CHD group was significandy higher than that in healthy controls [(12.7±2.4)% vs (1.0±0.3)% ,t =23.2,P<0.01]. And FQ-RT-PCR analysis showed that the mean CD± mRNA copy number in PBMCs in CHD group was significantly higher(3.2 fold) than that in healthy controls [t = 6. 59, P < 0.01]. However, neither differences of CD169 protein positivities [[(12. 2 ± 2. 3) %vs (13.4±2.5)% ,t = 1.87,P >0.05] nor mRNA levels [3.64 fold vs 2.79 fold when compared with healthy controls,t =0. 98, P > 0. 05] were found between CHD patients with normal and abnormal levels of serum Lipids. Conclusions CD169 is mainly expressed in human tissue-resident macrophages but not expressed in peripheral blood monecytes. And when the monocytes is stimulated by inflammation, the expression of CD169 is increased. In patients with CHD, the increased expression of CD169 protein and mRNA level has demonstrated the activation of monocytes in peripheral blood. CD169 and CD169-mediated monocytes activation may play an important role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis.

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of Macrothelypteris viridifrons and their anti-proliferative effects on tumor cell.

METHODThe compounds were isolated by column chromatography with silica gel, C18 reverse-phase silica gel, sephadex LH-20, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of physiochemical propertities and spectral analysis. The antitumor activities of all compounds were tested with MOLT4, Hep G2, A-549, MCF-7, HT-29, PC-3 tumor cell lines.

RESULTFive compounds were isolated and identified as protoapigenone (1), protoapigenin (2), protoapigenin-4'-O-beta-D-glucopyanoside (3), 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(1,2-isopropyldioxy-4-oxo-cyclohex-5-enyl) -chromen-4-one (4), 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(1-hydroxy-2,6-dimethoxy-cyclohex-4-oxo) -chromen-4-one (5), respectively.

CONCLUSIONAll compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time. Compounds 1, 4 and 5 showed strong anti-proliferative effects on six tumor cells, which were in concentration-dependent manner.

Antineoplastic Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Ferns ; chemistry ; drug effects ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; HT29 Cells ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of high frequency partial liquid ventilation (HFJV) on the cardiopulmonary function in dogs with inhalation injury.

METHODSSixteen mongrel dogs inflicted by hot steam inhalation were subjected to severe inhalation injury and were randomly divided into control (C) and treatment (T) groups. The dogs in both groups were all given HFJV. In addition, the dogs in T group were simultaneously supplied with perfluorocarbon liquid (3 ml/kg) into the lungs slowly via tracheal intubation for liquid ventilation. The blood gas analysis, pulmonary compliance, airway resistance and hemodynamic parameters were determined at 30, 60 and 90 minutes after ventilation.

RESULTSThe PaO(2) in T group increased progressively, which was significantly higher than the post-injury value at all time points (P < 0.05). While the PaO(2) in C group exhibited no difference to the post-injury value at all time points. The PaCO(2) in T group increased obviously and was higher than the post-injury value at 60 and 90 post-ventilation minutes (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the PaO(2) in all the time points in T group was a little higher than that in C group (P > 0.05) and PaCO(2) in T group was much higher than that in C group at 90 min after ventilation (P < 0.05). But there was no difference between the two groups in terms of dynamic/static pulmonary compliance and airway resistance as well as the hemodynamics.

CONCLUSIONCompared with simple HFJV, high frequency partial liquid ventilation seemed to be beneficial to the oxygenation after inhalation injury and to be no influence on the hemodynamics.

Airway Resistance ; Animals ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Burns, Inhalation ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Dogs ; Female ; High-Frequency Jet Ventilation ; Liquid Ventilation ; Lung Compliance ; Male ; Pulmonary Circulation ; Pulmonary Gas Exchange ; Respiration, Artificial ; methods ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Time Factors

Objective: To investigate the effect of recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor 2 (rhKGF-2) on lung tissue of rabbits with severe smoke inhalation injury. Methods: A total of 120 New Zealand rabbits were divided into 5 groups by random number table after being inflicted with severe smoke inhalation injury, with 24 rats in each group. Rabbits in the simple injury group inhaled air, while rabbits in the injury+phosphate buffer solution (PBS) group inhaled 5 mL PBS once daily for 7 d. Rabbits in injury+1 mg/kg rhKGF-2 group, injury+2 mg/kg rhKGF-2 group, and injury+5 mg/kg rhKGF-2 group received aerosol inhalation of 1 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg, and 5 mg/kg rhKGF-2 (all dissolved in 5 mL PBS) once daily for 7 d, respectively. On treatment day 1, 3, 5, and 7, blood samples were taken from the ear central artery of 6 rabbits in each group. After the blood was taken, the rabbits were sacrificed, and the tracheal carina tissue and lung were collected. Blood pH value, arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO₂), arterial blood carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO₂), and bicarbonate ion were detected by handheld blood analyzer. The expressions of pulmonary surfactant-associated protein A (SP-A) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in lung tissue were detected by Western blotting. Pathomorphology of lung tissue and trachea was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Data were processed with analysis of variance of two-way factorial design and Tukey test. Results: (1) Compared with those in simple injury group, the blood pH values of rabbits in the latter groups on treatment day 1-7 had no obvious change (P>0.05). The PaO₂ of rabbits in injury+2 mg/kg rhKGF-2 group on treatment day 5 and 7 were (75.0±2.4) and (71.0±4.5) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), respectively, which were significantly higher than (62.0±6.8) and (63.0±3.0) mmHg in simple injury group (q=4.265, 8.202, P<0.05 or P<0.01). The PaO₂ of rabbits in injury+5 mg/kg rhKGF-2 group on treatment day 7 was (82.0±4.9) mmHg, which was significantly higher than that in simple injury group (q=6.234, P<0.01). Compared with that in simple injury group, the PaCO₂ of rabbits in injury+2 mg/kg rhKGF-2 group on treatment day 3 was significantly decreased (q=4.876, P<0.01) and significantly increased on treatment day 5 (q=5.562, P<0.01); the PaCO₂ of rabbits in injury+5 mg/kg rhKGF-2 group was significantly increased on treatment day 5 and 7 (q=5.013, 4.601, P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with that in simple injury group, the serum bicarbonate ion of rabbits in injury+1 mg/kg rhKGF-2 group on treatment day 7 was significantly increased (q=5.142, P<0.01); the serum bicarbonate ion of rabbits in injury+2 mg/kg rhKGF-2 group on treatment day 5 and 7 were significantly increased (q=4.830, 6.934, P<0.01); the serum bicarbonate ion of rabbits in injury+5 mg/kg rhKGF-2 group on treatment day 5 were significantly increased (q=3.973, P<0.05). (2) The expressions of SP-A in lung tissue of rabbits in simple injury group and injury+PBS group in each treatment time point were close (P>0.05). The expressions of SP-A in lung tissue of rabbits in injury+2 mg/kg rhKGF-2 group and injury+5 mg/kg rhKGF-2 group on treatment day 3 were 0.091±0.007 and 0.101±0.009, respectively, significantly higher than 0.069±0.009 in simple injury group (q=10.800, 13.580, P<0.01). The expressions of SP-A in lung tissue of rabbits in injury+1 mg/kg rhKGF-2 group, injury+2 mg/kg rhKGF-2 group, and injury+5 mg/kg rhKGF-2 group on treatment day 5 and 7 were 0.127±0.008, 0.132±0.006, 0.194±0.006, 0.152±0.017, 0.166±0.004, 0.240±0.008, significantly higher than 0.092±0.003 and 0.108±0.005 in simple injury group (q=6.789, 12.340, 17.900, 9.875, 31.480, 40.740, P<0.01). (3) On treatment day 1 and 5, there was no significant difference in the expression of VEGF in lung tissue of rabbits among the 5 groups (P>0.05). Compared with those in simple injury group, the expressions of VEGF in lung tissue of rabbits in injury+2 mg/kg rhKGF-2 group on treatment day 3 and 7 were significantly increased (q=4.243, 8.000, P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the expression of VEGF in lung tissue of rabbits in injury+5 mg/kg rhKGF-2 group on treatment day 7 was significantly increased (q=20.720, P<0.01). (4) On treatment day 1, the injury of rabbits in each group was similar, with a large number of neutrophils infiltrated and abscess formed in the alveolar and interstitial tissue, thickened alveolar septum, some collapsed alveolar and atelectasis; large area of tracheal mucosa was degenerated and necrotic, with a large amount of inflammatory exudates blocking in the cavity. On treatment day 3, the inflammation of lung tissue and trachea in each group were improved, but the inflammation in simple injury group and injury+PBS group was also serious. On treatment day 5, the inflammation in lung tissue and trachea of rabbits in injury+2 mg/kg rhKGF-2 group and injury+5 mg/kg rhKGF-2 group were improved much obviously than those in the other groups. On treatment day 7, the inflammation in lung tissue of rabbits in injury+5 mg/kg rhKGF-2 group alleviated obviously than those in the other groups, most alveoli had no obvious exudative fluid, the alveolar cavity was intact and clear, the local alveolar dilated like a cyst, and the alveolar septum thinning; the improvement of inflammation of trachea was more obvious than the other groups, the tracheal mucosa tended to be more complete, and few neutrophils were infiltrated in the endotracheal cavity. Conclusions Atomization inhalation of rhKGF-2 can improve the PaO₂ level of rabbits with severe smoke inhalation injury, reduce airway inflammation, increase the expression of SP-A and VEGF in lung tissue, thus promoting the repair of lung tissue.