During September-October 2012,random cluster sampling method was employed to recruit 871 students from 29 classes at East China Normal University to conduct a questionnaire survey.The overall prevalence of skin diseases was 33.5％ (292/871) and those of eczema,urticaria,drug eruption and atopic dermatitis were 16.4％ (143/871),9.8％ (85/871),2.2％ (19/871) and 0.2％ (2/871) respectively.These diseases showed no statistically significant gender differences.The prevalence of contact dermatitis was 16.9％ (147/871) and there was statistically significant gender difference (P ＜0.01).

Objective To explore the efficacy of ZPLATE TM anterior fixation systems in the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures and dislocations.Methods 13 cases with old thoracolumbar fractures and dislocations accompanied with spinal cord injury have been treated by anterior decompression,implanting bone union and internal fixation with ZPLATE TM anterior fixation systems.Results After an average of 15 5 months followup,No plate and screw was loose and fragmentized,there is no pseudoarticulation formation,average union time are 3 7 months, and paraplegia showed different degrees of recovery.Conclusion It suggests that anterior approach provids thorough decompression and ZPLATE TM anterior fixation systems is a good spinal fixation system for the treatment of old thoracolumbar fractures and dislocations with the characteristics of strong fixation.

Objective To evaluate the different effects of the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures by pedicle of vertebral arch Tenor system and Harrington device.Methods The clinical data of 35 cases of thoracolumbar fractures were analyzed retrospectively, 23 of them were operated with Harrington device and 12 with Tenor system.Results These cases were followed up for 6 months to 2 years. The fractures treated with Tenor system got satisfied reduction, reached about 96 7% of normal vertebral height. The deformities were completely corrected and complications were significant lower than those derived from Harrington device treatment, and no delayed neurologic damage was found. Most cases got reduction with one to three Frankel grades of neurologic recovery.Conclusion The Tenor pedicle system is more effective in treatment of thoracolumbar fracture than non-pedicle device. It can get satisfied fracture reduction , reliable fixation and less complications.

[Objective] To discuss the effect of total hip arthroplasty with structural bone-grafting for high congenital dislocation of adult hip.[Method]From August 2003 to October 2006,22 patients(29 hip)with congenital dislocation of hip were treated with total hip arthroplasty and structural bone-grafting.There were 10 males and 12 females.There were 13 left and 26 right.The ages were from 23 to 42 years old,with the average of 34.6 years.Clinical symptoms included hip pain,hip instability and limping.The preoperative average Harris scores was 46.8.The preoperative average length difference between two legs was 3.8 cm.The femoral head dislocation height from normal position was 3.9 cm on average(range,3.2 to 5.6cm).The average range of motion of the hip:flexion 66.5?,abduction 23.8?,external rotation 20.4?,internal rotation 5.3?.Posterolateral approach was used during operation and all the acetabular cups were reconstructed at the true acetabular location and were covered completely with femoral head autograft.The reduction of prosthesis was achieved by releasing surrouding soft tissue.The acetabular reconstruction was done with the cemented acetabular component in 18 hips,the small acetabular component in 5 and common cementless acetabular component in 6.Cementless shaft was used in 10 hips,common cemented shaft in 13,steno-vertical cemented shaft in 4 and long cemented shaft in 2.The clinical effects were evaluated with operative time,blood loss,Harris scale,joint range of motion,length difference between two legs and complications.[Result]The average operative time was 95 minutes(range from 70 to 135 rain).The average blood loss was 400 ml(range from 300 ml to 650 ml).Primary healing of wound was observed in all patients without infection.Position of prothesis judged by X-ray was fine at 1 week postoperatively,the average abduction angle of the cup was 39?,and the average anterior angle was 13?.Twenty-two cases were followed up from 10 months to 47 months(average 17.6 months)after surgery,the average score was 89.2 points(ranged from 72 points to 93 points),according to the evaluate of Harris.The average range of motion of the hip was 115.3? for flexion,44.6? for abduction,49.5? for external rotation,26.8? for internal rotation.The preoperative average length difference between two legs was 1.2 cm.There were 2 postoperative femoral nerve palsy which resolved completely within 4 months.Femoral head autografts were not absorbed.Neither loosening nor dislocation of the prostheses occurred in the time of follow-up.[Conclusion]Total hip arthroplasty with structural bone-grafting is an effective method for high congenital dislocation of adult hip.It improves symptoms,functions and shapes.Structural bone-grafting can provide reliable acetabular coverage and restore bone stock.In case of the altitude of femoral head dislocation upward from normal position less than 4cm,reduction of prosthesis can achieve by releasing surrouding soft tissue without femoral nerve palsy.

BACKGROUND:Both osteopontin and hyaluronic acid involve in the pathological process of osteoarthritis, resulting in the abnormal expression levels of various cytokines and enzymes. However, the relationship between the high expression of osteopontin and hyaluronic acid in chondrocytes remains unclear.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of osteopontin on the expression of hyaluronic acid in human knee osteoarthritic chondrocytes in vitro by modulating the level of osteopontin.
METHODS:Chondrocytes from human knee osteoarthritic cartilage were cultured in vitro, and were then divided into three groups:blank control group without any treatment;osteopontin group and and pontin siRNA group were treated with 1 mg/L recombinant human osteopontin and osteopontin siRNA, respectively. Expression levels of osteopontin, hyaluronic acid synthase 1, 2 and 3 mRNA were detected by real-time PCR, and the levels of hyaluronic acid were measured using ELISA.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the blank control group, the mRNA expressions of hyaluronic acid synthase 1, 2 and 3 were remarkably increased in the osteopontin group, while siRNA made the significantly inhibitory effects on the hyaluronic acid synthase 1, 2 and 3 mRNA expressions (P<0.05). The level of hyaluronic acid in chondrocytes in the osteopontin group was significantly higher than that in the other two groups (P<0.05). Our results suggest that osteopontin induces the synthesis of hyaluronic acid in osteoarthritic chondrocytes through upregulating the hyaluronic acid synthases expression levels.

Objective To evaluate retrospectively the hemiarthroplasty in the treatment of severe comminuted intraarticular fractures of the proximal humerus.Method Thirty one patients suffered from severe comminuted intraarticular fractures of the proximal humerus were treated with shoulder hemiarthroplasty through Thompson approach from March 2000 to October 2004.The results were graded into the excellent,the good,the fair and the poor according to the scoring system-modification for hemiarthroplasty(SSMH) of Los Angeles California,USA(UCLA) basing on shoulder paining,functional status muscle strength and range of motion.Rusults The average operative time cost 65 minutes(ranged from 40 to 90 minutes),average amount of bleeding during operation were 280 ml(ranged from 200 to 350 ml).The patients exercised early postoperatively.After an average duration of 14.1 months of follow-up(ranging from 5 to 42 months),there were no infection and/or nerve damage occurred postoperatively,and the position of the prosthesis was confirmed to be excellent,moreover no lessening prosthesis,prosthesis dislocation,and/or prosthesis milieu fractures occurred radiographically.The outcomes of the treatment were excellent in 13,good in 14,fair in 3 and poor in 1 out of the 31 cases. The rate of both the excellent and the good were 87.10%.Conclusion Shoulder hemiarthroplasty is a preferable technique in the treatment of severe comminuted intraarticular fractures of the proximal humerus.

0.05).CONCLUSION:①There are not significantly changes of the stress in the inferior facet joint after ADR.②ADR will not add negative influence to the inferior facet joint when it rebuilds the biomechanical characteristics of lumbar spine.

BACKGROUND:Extensive studies have shown that transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) plays a positive role in relieving the pain caused by a variety of diseases. However, its exact effect to manage pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis is stil controversial. TENS is classified into h-TENS and l-TENS, but currently its respective role in relieving the pain caused by knee osteoarthritis is not clear yet. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of h-TENS and l-TENS on pain relieving among patients with knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: A computer-based search was performed on PubMed, Embase and Cochrane database for randomized controled trials on TENS for the treatment of knee pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis which were reported before February 2014. Methodology quality of the trials was criticaly assessed and relative data were extracted. These studies were selected independently by two reviewers according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Meta-analysis was performed using Revman5.2 software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 10 randomized controled trials involving 519 cases were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that the h-TENS group had significant effects on pain relief in knee osteoarthritis patients in comparison to the control group [MD=-0.56, 95%CI(-0.98,-0.15),P=0.008]; the l-TENS group had no significant effect on pain relief in knee osteoarthritis patients in comparison to the control group [MD=-0.13, 95%CI(-1.63, 1.38),P=0.87]; the h-TENS group had significant effect on pain relief in knee osteoarthritis patients in comparison to the l-TENS group [MD=-0.85, 95%CI(-1.32, -0.37), P=0.000 5]. These findings indicate that h-TENS performs something positive to reduce pain in knee osteoarthritis patients that l-TENS cannot do. Owing to the limitations of this study, further work is needed to determine the role of TENS in pain management among patients with knee osteoarthritis.

BACKGROUND:Progressive fracture of the cartilage is considered the characteristic lesion in later osteoarthritis, the expression of osteoarthritis-related factors such as hyaluronic acid, osteopontin and CD44 in osteoarthritic cartilage is increased.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of hyaluronic acid on the expression of osteopontin mRNA and CD44 mRNA of chondrocytes in the in vitro cultured chondrocytes of patients with knee osteoarthritis.
METHODThe cartilage samples obtained from osteoarthritic patients were cultured and purified into acquire chondrocytes in vitro, and the cells were divided into three groupblank control group, hyaluronic acid (100 mg/mL) group and hyaluronidase (200 mg/mL) group. After 48 hours of cellculture, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay was used to detect the expression of CD44 mRNA and osteopontin mRNA. The difference of the expression levels before and after the intervention of hyaluronic acid was compared and analyzed using SPSS 17.0 software.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the blank control group, hyaluronic acid (100 mg/mL) upregulated osteopontin mRNA expression in the chondrocytes, hyaluronidase (200 mg/mL) also reduced osteopontin mRNA expression in the chondrocytes. The CD44 mRNA expression in the chondrocytes of hyaluronic acid (100 mg/mL) group and hyaluronidase (200 mg/mL) group was lower than that in the blank control group. Hyaluronic acid can upregulate the expression of the osteopontin mRNA expression in the osteoarthritic chondrocytes;the biphasic effects of hyaluronic acid on CD44 mRNA expression in osteoarthritic chondrocytes might be associated with the molecule weight of hyaluronic acid.

BACKGROUND:Osteoarthritis and osteoporosis are two aging-related degenerative diseases. There are a lot of studies on their correlation, but no consensus has been reached yet. OBJECTIVE: To examine the cross-sectional association between phalangeal bone mineral density and radiographic knee osteoarthritis. METHODS:A total of 2 855 participants were included in this study. Phalangeal bone mineral density and anteroposterior films of the bilateral knees were detected. A multivariable logistic analysis model was applied to test the relationship between phalangeal bone mineral density and radiographic knee osteoarthritis after adjusting a number of potential confounding factors. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A positive association was observed between phalangeal bone mineral density and radiographic knee osteoarthritis in the model that was adjusted for sex, age, bone mass index, smoking status, alcohol drinking status, total energy intake, mean calcium intake, as wel as vitamin and Ca supplementation. This association existed in the total sample and the female subgroup, but not in the male. These findings suggest a positive relationship between phalangeal bone mineral density and radiographic knee osteoarthritis in the female subgroup, which means that bone mineral density is a protective factor to knee osteoarthritis.