Reach-to-grasp movements require integrating information on both object location and grip type, but how these elements are planned and to what extent they interact remains unclear. We designed a new experimental paradigm in which monkeys sequentially received reach and grasp cues with delays, requiring them to retain and integrate both cues to grasp the goal object with appropriate hand gestures. Neural activity in the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) revealed that reach and grasp were similarly represented yet not independent. Upon receiving the second cue, the PMd continued encoding the first, but over half of the neurons displayed incongruent modulations: enhanced, attenuated, or even reversed. Population-level analysis showed significant changes in encoding structure, forming distinct neural patterns. Leveraging canonical correlation analysis, we identified a shared subspace preserving the initial cue's encoding, contributed by both congruent and incongruent neurons. Together, these findings reveal a novel perspective on the interactive planning of reach and grasp within the PMd, providing insights into potential applications for brain-machine interfaces.
Animals ; Motor Cortex/physiology* ; Hand Strength/physiology* ; Macaca mulatta ; Psychomotor Performance/physiology* ; Neurons/physiology* ; Male ; Cues ; Movement/physiology* ; Gestures

Objective To investigate the current status of liver and gallbladder diseases and analyze the influencing factors of fatty liver based on the ultrasound examination results of officers and soldiers on a certain island.Methods The data of physical examination from 377 officers and soldiers on a certain island in 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.Age,gender,living habits,abdominal ultrasound results,and liver function test results were collected,and the incidence of liver and gallbladder diseases were investigated.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to screen the influencing factors of fatty liver disease.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the predictive value of influencing factors for fatty liver disease.Results A total of 103 officers and soldiers were diagnosed with liver and gallbladder diseases.The top three were fatty liver(63.11%,65/103),gallbladder polyps(19.42%,20/103),and liver hemangioma(8.74%,9/103),accounting for 91.27%(94/103)of the subjects with liver and gallbladder diseases and 24.93%(94/377)of all the subjects undergoing physical examination.There were significant differences in the age,body mass index(BMI),the habit of mid night snacks,liver function indexes(alanine aminotransferase[ALT],aspartate aminotransferase[AST],total bilirubin[T-Bil],direct bilirubin[D-Bil],gamma-glutamyltransferase[γ-GT]),glucose(Glu),and triglyceride(TG)between the officers and soldiers with fatty liver(65 cases)and without fatty liver(312 cases)(all P<0.01).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that ALT,Glu,TG,BMI and the habit of midnight snacks were independent influencing factors of fatty liver(all P<0.05).The area under the ROC curve values of ALT,Glu,TG,BMI,the habit of midnight snacks and their combination in prediction of fatty liver were 0.776,0.621,0.764,0.828,0.637 and 0.866,respectively.Conclusion There is a high prevalence of fatty liver in officers and soldiers on a certain island(17.24%,65/377).ALT,Glu,TG,BMI and the habit of midnight snack can be used as a combined diagnostic model of fatty liver.The diet,exercise and training methods should be systematically and comprehensively managed to control related risk factors.Risk factor intervention and treatment should be carried out for high-risk population to effectively improve the physical and mental health of officers and soldiers on the island.

Objective To study the value of RDW in severity evaluation and prognostic assessment of COPD. Methods Retrospective study was carried out on 115 COPD patients and 50 healthy controls. Blood routine, CRP, IL-6 data were collected on admission aiming at analyzing RDW difference in patients and controls, severity, severity grading and evaluation of prognosis. Results The level of CRP, RDW, IL-6 and WBC in patients were higher than that of healthy controls(P < 0.05). Mild and moderate groups have no significant difference from each other in terms of RDW, CRP and IL-6 conparison, but the difference between any other two groups were significant. There were significant positive correlation between RDW and CRP, IL-6, and negative correlations between the post-bronchodilator FEV1% and RDW. The mortality rate for patients with higher RDW level was higher than those with normal RDW. Conclusion Elevated RDW levels on admission are associated with severity of patients with COPD. RDW may be a prognostic marker for COPD.