BACKGROUND:In order to decrease restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty(PTCA)or percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI),cell implantation stent attracts more and more attention in application and researches during recent years.This study is designed to review the studies on relationship between in-stent restenosis prevention and cell-seeded stent in recent years.DATA SOURCES:A computer-based online search of MUBMED database was undertaken to identify articles about the restenosis after stent operation of vascular endothelium published in English between January 1990 to December 2006,and the were endothelial cell,seed,restenosis.Meanwhile,Chinese relevant articles published between January 1990 to December 2006 were searched in CNKI database with the keywords of "endothelial cell,implantation,stent,restenosis" in Chinese. STUDY SELECTION:Initially,the studies without control group and with repeated content were excluded.Remained literatures mainly concerning endothelial cell seeding and accelerating vascular reendothelialization were retrieved in full text. DATA EXTRACTION:Thirty-one articles mostly relating with the topic of the present review were selected among those literatures. DATA SYNTHESIS:① Restenosis is the key problem among the long term side effect of percutanious coronary intervention.② There is a considerable relationship between integrity of vascular endothelium and intima hyperplasia and in-stent restenosis.In modulating structure remodeling of injuried intima the endothelium functions importantly and,promotes integrity restoration to inhibit intima hyperplasia.Therefore,study on accelerating reendohthelialization becomes hot topic at present.③ There are two ways to promote repair of injured endothelium.One is local delivery of relative gene or drug infusion,and the other is locally direct seeding of vascular endothelial cells.④ Besides two main methods used to improve endothelium restoration,another newly method in which the endothelial cells seeded on stent locally proliferate and rapidly recover the stent and trauma intima is becoming a hot study poiont recently.Along with advance of research on endothelial progenitor cells,it may become a kind of ideal source for seeding. CONCLUSION:With the improvement of bioengineering stent manufacture technics,as one of anti-restenosis strategies,a newly endothelial cells(ECs)-or endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs)-seeded stent possessing a function of accelerating endothelium recover would have an important station in the field of coronary heart disease intervention therapy.

BACKGROUND: In order to decrease restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), cell implantation stent attracts more and more attention in application and researches during recent years. This study is designed to review the studies on relationship between in-stent restenosis prevention and cell-seeded stent in recent years.DATA SOURCES: A computer-based online search of MUBMED database was undertaken to identity articles about the restenosis after stent operation of vascular endothelium published in English between January 1990 to December 2006,and the keywords were endothelial cell, seed, restenosis. Meanwhile, Chinese relevant articles published between January 1990 to December 2006 were searched in CNKI database with the keywords of "endothelial cell, implantation,stent, restenosis" in Chinese.STUDY SELECTION: Initially, the studies without control group and with repeated content were excluded. Remained literatures mainly concerning endothelial cell seeding and accelerating vascular reendothelialization were retrieved in full text.DATA EXTRACTION: Thirty-one articles mostly relating with the topic of the present review were selected among those literatures.DATA SYNTHESIS: ① Restenosis is the key problem among the long term side effect of percutanious coronary intervention. ② There is a considerable relationship between integrity of vascular endothelium and intima hyperplasia and in-stent restenosis. In modulating structure remodeling of injuried intima the endothelium functions importantly and,promotes integrity restoration to inhibit intima hyperplasia. Therefore, study on accelerating reendohthelialization becomes hot topic at present. ③ There are two ways to promote repair of injured endothelium. One is local delivery of relative gene or drug infusion, and the other is locally direct seeding of vascular endothelial cells. ④ Besides two main methods used to improve endothelium restoration, another newly method in which the endothelial cells seeded on stent locally proliferate and rapidly recover the stent and trauma intima is becoming a hot study poiont recently. Along with advance of research on endothelial progenitor cells, it may become a kind of ideal source for seeding.CONCLUSION: With the improvement of bioengineering stent manufacture technics, as one of anti-restenosis strategies,a newly endothelial cells (ECs)- or endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs)-seeded stent possessing a function of accelerating endothelium recover would have an important station in the field of coronary heart disease intervention therapy.

Cartilages of 19 human fetuses were studied by microangiographic and histological methods. Blood vessels were enclosed in a special structure, the cartilage canal which were present in individual cartilages from 2～3 months of the fetus. The cartilage canals developed either from the superficial blood vessels which was gradually embedded in the cartilage as it grew, or blood vessels in the cartilage canal grew and divided themselve progressively and penetrated into the deeper part of the cartilage. In addition to the nutritional supply for the centers of the growth of cartilage, the cartilage canal participates directly in the osteogenesis of the secondary centers of ossification.

Objective To calculate the mean absorbed doses at celluar and subcellular levels for uniformly and non-uniformly distributed Auger electron emitters. Methods The energy deposited in cell or nucleus by Auger electrons was analytically calculated using the polynomial representation of energy loss.S-values were subsequently computed for several target-source combinations.The absorbed dose and dose distribution were calculated for spherically symmetric radionuclide distributions depending linearly and exponentially on the radial position.The dose profile as a function of the source radial coordinate was also evaluated for typical cell sizes.The contributions of photon radiation to absorbed dose in cells were ignored. Results The mean absorbed dose and dose distribution depend largely on the size of target cells,the radiation spectrum and intracellular localization and distribution of radionuclides.The contribution of intranuclear radionuclides to mean absorbed dose was larger than that of extranuclear ones. Conclusion Auger electrons can produce high local energy deposition in cells because of their very low energies and extremely short ranges.Our dose calculation method is simple.The results are reliable and can be used in many fields.

Objective To investigate the effects of small tidal volume combined with PEEP on extravascular lung water during one-lung ventilation (OLV) in patients undergoing thoracic surgery. Methods Forty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes aged 45-80 yr undergoing esophagectomy for esophageal cancer were randomly assigned into 2 groups (n = 20 each):group Ⅰ IPPV (VT 9 ml/kg ,RR 12 bpm) and group Ⅱ IPPV +PEEP (VT 6 ml/kg, RR 15 bpm, PEEP 5 cm H-2O). FiO2 was 100% and I:E 1:2 in both groups. Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl 3-5 μg/kg, propofol 1.0-1.5 mg/kg and vecuronium 0.10-0.15 mg/kg and maintained with continuous infusion of propofol 4-7 mg· kg- 1 · h - 1 and vecuronium 0.07-0.08 mg- kg- 1 · h - 1 and intermittent iv boluses of fentanyl. Double lumen endobronchial tube was inserted. Correct position was confirmed by bronchoscopy. Right internal jugular vein was cannulated. A 4F thermodilution catheter was inserted into right femoral artery and connected to PICCO monitor. Extravascular lung water (EVLW), EVLW index (EVLWI),pulmonary vascular permeability index (PVPI), cardiac output (CO) and oxygenation index (OI) were recorded before anesthesia (T0, baseline), at 30 min of two lung ventilation (T1), 30 min and 1 h of OLV (T2, T3),before extubation (T4) and 18 h after operation (T5). Airway peak pressure (Ppeak) was recorded at T1-4. Results EVLWI and PVPI were significantly higher in group IPPV + PEEP than in group IPPV. There was no significant difference in Ppeak, CO and OI at any time point between the 2 groups. In group IPPV there was no significant change in EVLW and EVLWI during and after mechanical ventilation, while PVPI was significantly increased at T1 as compared with the baseline before anesthesia. In group IPPV + PEEP EVLW was significantly increased at T2 and PVPI was significantly increased at T1 and T2 compared with the baseline at T0. Conclusion OLV with IPPV + PEEP results in more EVLW and it exerts no significant effect on lung function.

Objective To analyse the cloning and sequencing of mature fragment of human bone morphogenetic protein-4 gene. Methods The template DNA was extract from the human osteosarcoma cells line U-2OS by the single-step isolation method with isothiocyanic acid guanidine, the cDNA coding for the mature fragment of BMP-4 was amplified by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). The mature fragment of BMP-4 was cloned into the vector pUC19, and sequenced by Sanger dideoxy-mediated chain termination method. Results The mature fragment of BMP-4 cDNA was obtained by RT-PCR and identified by sequencing. The computer search was done on Genebank, and the published DNA sequence of BMP-4 from Genebank (D30751) was chosen for a reference. Analysis showed that the homology and similarity of nucleotides and amino acids between cDNA of rhBMP-4 mature fragment and the published sequence of BMP-4 were both 99％ . Sequence analysis revealed that there were two bases mutations, one was at base 1 154(201) G C, this had no influence on the corresponding amino acids(Val), another was at base 1 222(269) C T, the mutation at the base 1 222 had turned the Ala into Val. Conclusion The mature fragment of BMP-4 gene has been cloned. The gene is of great significance in treatment of skeletal injuries and diseases.

BACKGROUND: Bone mineral content(BMC) can be determined by many methods, which are different in detecting position, clinical significance and differentiation between normal group and people with osteoporosis.OBJECTIVE: To establish a normal BMC standard by observing lumbar BMC with quantitative computerized tomography(QCT) measurement in Shenzhen women, so as to provide basis for clinical prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in the region.DESIGN: Randomized controlled, observational and comparative study taking normal women as subjects.SETTING: Medical imaging department of a hospital at district level.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 120 women aged 30 to 69 years, who received physical examination in the Central Hospital of Longgang district in Shenzhen from September 2000 to March 2002, were enrolled in this study. They were divided into four groups: 30 - 39 age group, 40 - 49 age group, 50 - 59 age group and 60 - 69 age group with 30 in each.METHODS: Trabecular and cortical BMC of lumber bodies(L1-3) were measured with QCT software so as to establish a standard of normal BMC in Shenzhen women and compare it with that of other regions.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The mean BMC in Shenzhen women, and comparison with that of other regions at home and abroad.RESULTS: The results of QCT showed linear correlation between BMC and bone ash weight, which could be expressed by the following linear regression equation: ash weight =0. 92432 × BMC + 39. 0633. Lumbar BMC loss increased with age in Shenzhen perimenopausal women. The annual loss of spongy bone and compact bones was 1.38% and 0. 84%, respectively. BMC of women aged 50 to 59 years was[ (135.31 ± 18.36) mg/cm3], obviously higher than that of women in Changchun city, Beijing city and the United States [(120.21 ±37.40), (116.7 ±26.6), and(119.5 ±27.1) mg/cm3]( t = 2. 002, 3. 383, 3. 636, P ＜ 0.05 - 0. 01 ) . Moreover, BMC of women aged 30 to 39 years was also obviously higher than that of corresponding American women( t = 3.119, P ＜ 0.01 ). No significant difference was found in BMC among women of the other age groups in these regions( P ＞ 0. 05).CONCLUSION: This is the first time in our country to establish a standard of normal BMC in perimenopausal women with QCT measurement, which provides basis for early prevention and treatment of osteoporosis as well as evaluation of prognosis and fracture risk.

ObjectiveTo study the cloning and sequencing of mature fragment of human bone morphogenetic protein-4 gene. Methods The template DNA was obtained from the human osteosarcoma cell line U2OS. By using RT- PCR method, the cDNA coding for the mature fragment of BMP-4 was amplified, cloned into the vector pUC19, and sequenced by Sanger Dideoxy-mediated Chain Termination method. Results The mature fragment of BMP4 cDNA was obtained by RT-PCR and determined by sequencing. Through the computer search on Genebank, the analysis showed that the homology of nucleotides and amino acids between cDNA of rhBMP4 mature fragment of this study and the published sequence was 99％. Sequence analysis showed that there were two differences, one was at base 1154 (201): G→C, which had no influence on the corresponding amino acids (Val). Another was at basel222 (269):C→T, the mutation at the base 1222 had the change of Ala to Val. Conclusion The mature fragment of BMP4 gene has been cloned. The results will be of great significance in treatment of skeletal injuries and diseases.

Objective To assess the accuracy of SIEMENS Osteo software.Methods The mineral content of 20 cadaver lumber bodies(L 1～L 5) was measured by quantitative CT,and compared with bone ash analysis.Results Mineral content and bone ash weight had a linear correlation,which could be expressed by followed regress equation:ash weight=0.92432?BMD+39.0633.The results with quantitative CT method were all lower than that with bone ash analysis (average lower 29.196 mg/cm 3).Conclusion There are some deviations for measuring bone mineral content with this software.The deviation is within the limit of the theory error of single energy quantitative CT.The result of the measurement shoud be accurate after proofread.

In this communication, the values of serum CA-50 in a series of patients with benign and malignant GI diseases are reported. It was found that CA-50 was positive in 86.7% of 30 pancreatic cancer patients with an average level of 427.53U/ml, which was statistically different from that found in non-malignant control group. In this series serum CA-50 determination helped to confirm the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer in 6 cases, in which B-mode ultrasono-graphy failed to make a definite diagnosis, and in another 3 cases CT scanning was unable to disclose the tumor. The combination of CA-50, B-mode ultrasonography, and CT made definite diagnosis in 100% of all 30 pancreatic cancer patients. The author discussed the significance of CA-50 determination in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.