Objective: To review the results with an approach of primary repair for tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and double-outlet right ventricle (DORV) with anomalous coronary arteries. Methods: From June 1995 to June 2002, 12 patients with TOF and DORV associated with anomalous coronary arteries crossing an obstructed right ventricle outflow tract underwent primary surgical repair. To avoid injury of the anomalous coronary arteries, some modified surgical techniques were used. Main pulmonary artery translocation in 2 patients, repair under a mobilized left anterior descending coronary artery in 3, displaced ventriculotomy with subcoronary suture lines in 5, and the right ventricle outflow tract was repaired via the arteriotomy and/or pulmonary incision in 2. Results: There were no early or late death, and no myocardial infarction. Follow-up ranged from 3 months to 6 years, there were no residual leakage and obstruction of right ventricle outflow tract. Conclusion: Primary repair of TOF with anomalous coronary arteries can be done with excellent results. A proper surgical technique should be used during operation.

Objective To investigate the effect of endovascular treatment of intracranial ruptured vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms via bilateral vertebral artery approach. Methods The symptoms and imaging results of 5 patients with ruptured vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms were analyzed retrospectively. They were all treated with coil embolization via bilateral vertebral artery approach. The two ends of dissection aneurysms were packed densely,the middle segments were packed loosely,and the arteries were isolated from the blood circulation. Results Of the 5 patients after treated,the clinical symptoms were improved rapidly in 4 patients no abnormal limbs activity and mental disorders. After treatment,the modified Rankin scale (mRS)was 0 in four cases after six-month follow-up. One patient turned clear consciousness after 4 weeks, and their mRS was 3 at 6-month follow-up. Before treatment,DSA showed vertebral artery dilation and stenosis. The mean length of involvement in vertebral arteries was 9. 3 ± 1. 5 mm;after treatment,the dissecting aneurysms of 5 patients did not develop completely,no further bleeding occurred,and no new infarcts were observed. No recurrence of the aneurysms and parent artery recanalization were found at the follow-up after 6 months. Conclusion The occlusion of ruptured vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms via bilateral vertebral artery approach is technically feasible. It may be an effective treatment to prevent rebleeding.

Objective To investigate the imaging features of the calvarial cavernous hemangioma and the surgical efficacy to improve diagnosis and treatment of the calvarial cavernous hemangioma.Methods The clinical information,imaging materials and surgical efficacy from ten cases of calvarial cavernous hemangioma confirmed by pathology and the related literature was reviewed.Results The lesion was located in frontal bone in eight cases,in parietal bone in one case and in occipital bone in one case.The lesions were round-shape hypodensity with clear margin in X-ray.The lesions were hyperdensity or slightly hyperdensity on CT scan,and were osteolytic lesions with a characteristic honeycomb or starburst pattern on bone window.The MRI features were complicated and variable.The lesions were heterogenous and unevenly enhanced signal intensity.Nine patients underwent radical resections and reconstructed immediately by titanium mesh.The patient with tumor in occipital bone underwent radical resection only.Macroscopically,the pathologic bone was a huge purple-red blush mass protruding from the skull surface.Histological examination revealed the diploe with large,thin-walled,dilated blood-filled spaces lined by flattened endothelial cells without evidence of malignancy.No recurrence was noted in any case during a follow-up period from 3 to 24 months.All the patients survived well without recurrence.Conclusions The imaging features of calvarial cavernous hemangioma have a high value in the diagnosis and may provide guidance for the treatment.The radical resection and immediate reconstruction treatment for calvarial cavernous hemangioma is satisfied.

This newly-emerging field uses tissue-specific cells in a three-dimensional organization, provided by a scaffolding material, to return functionality of the organ. For these applications, the choice of scaffolding material is crucial to the success of the technique. In addition to the chemical properties of the material, physical properties such as surface area for cell attachment are essential. Various methods of creating pores in these materials to increase surface area are reviewed here. Scaffolds formed using the different techniques, which include fiber bonding, solvent casting/particulate leaching, gas foaming and phase separation, are compared on the basis of porosity, pore size, and promotion of tissue growth.
Absorbable Implants ; Biocompatible Materials ; Lactic Acid ; chemistry ; Polyesters ; Polyglycolic Acid ; chemistry ; Polymers ; chemistry ; Surface Properties ; Tissue Engineering

The stability of hemocompatibility of Ti6Al4V alloy and DLC film/Ti6Al4V gradient material has been studied. The platelet consumption ratio of Ti6Al4V alloy to DLC film/Ti6Al4V gradient material has been measured respectively by digital image analysis method. It has been found that the platelet consumption ratio of Ti6Al4V alloy increased remarkedly about 50% after 2,000 m sliding tribological test under the lubrication of Hank's solution, while that of DLC film/Ti6Al4V gradient material almost didn't increase under the same condition, which means that the DLC film/Ti6Al4V gradient material has better stability of hemocompatibility.
Biocompatible Materials ; chemistry ; Blood Coagulation ; drug effects ; Diamond ; chemistry ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; In Vitro Techniques ; Materials Testing ; Membranes, Artificial ; Platelet Adhesiveness ; drug effects ; Surface Properties ; Titanium ; chemistry

There are three key factors in tissue engineering: seeding cells, scaffold and their interaction. Although mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are potential seeding cells, the problem of what phase MSCs should be used is not yet solved. On the other hand, degradable porous scaffolds which have good mechanics and good biocompatibility are preferred. To choose the optimum seeding cells and the suitable ratio of beta-TCP/PLLA porous scaffold, we observed the phenotype of the male SD rat's osteoblastic MSCs and detected the amount of alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin and type I collagen secreted by the osteoblastic rMSCs in different phase. About 10, 14 and 20 days after induction, the induced cells came into proliferative phase, matrix synthesis phase and mineralization phase, respectively. Then we chose the suitable cells and seeded them on beta-TCP/PLLA composite scaffolds with different ratios (beta-TCP/PLLA = 1:1; beta-TCP/PLLA = 1:2; and beta-TCP/PLLA = 2:1). Fluorescence microscope, scanning electron microscope and MTT assay were used to observe and to detect the biocompatibility of the scaffolds. The results indicated that all of these materials have biocompatibility to some extent. Cells can grow well on all of the scaffolds. However, scaffold beta-TCP/PLLA = 2:1 seems to be a more suitable tissue engineering scaffold on account of its minimal influence on cell growth and differentiation.
Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; Calcium Phosphates ; pharmacology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Coculture Techniques ; Lactic Acid ; pharmacology ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; Polyesters ; Polymers ; pharmacology ; Porosity ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tissue Engineering

Objective To explore the localization and guidance value of infraorbital/maxillary nerve in endoscopic transmaxillary approach, and to provide anatomical data for clinical operation. Methods The eight adult cadaver heads were dissected by means of the endoscopic transmaxillary approach to expose the infraorbital/maxillary nerve, and relevant data were collected. Results In 8 cases, 16 maxillary nerves arose from the trigeminal ganglion of the trigeminal nerve and emerged from the foramen rotundum, transited to the infraorbital nerve at the infraorbital fissure, then traveled in the infraorbital canal and out of the infraorbital foramen. The infraorbital/maxillary nerve could be divided into four segments according to the foramen rotundum, infraorbital groove and infraorbital foramen: the terminal segment, the infraorbital nerve and its terminal branches to the face, distal to the infraorbital foramen; the orbitomaxillary segment and the orbitomaxillary segment of the infraorbital nerve within the infraorbital canal from the infraorbital foramen along the infraorbital groove (length 11.7 ±2.5 mm ), which was readily identified in the roof of the maxillary sinus in all specimens. The pterygopalatine segment, the pterygopalatine segment within the pterygopalatine fossa, which started at the infraorbital groove to the foramen rotundum (length 13.4±2.1 mm); The intracranial segment, the intracranial segment from the foramen rotundum to the trigeminal ganglion(length 15.2±3.9 mm). Conclusion The infraorbital nerve can serve as a anatomical landmark for endoscopic transmaxillary approach to get access to infratemporal fossa, pterygopalatine fossa, trigeminal ganglion and lateral wall of the cavernous sinus.

20 years)was 8.60%(48/558) , which was more than that in the second decade of life ( 5.22% ). The incidence of painful group was 9.79%(14/143),which was more than that in foot trauma group 6.78%(40/630).The positive C sign was presented in 61.1%(33/54),posterior-type coalition in 38.9%(21/54),short talar neck sign in 61.1%(33/54)and talar beak sign in 22.2%(12/54). Conclusion The talocalcaneal coalition is a common development abnormality in our country. We must pay attention to the diagnosis of talocalcaneal coalition for painful foot adulthood.

Objective To study the incidence and radiologic findings of calcaneonavicular coalition.Methods CR films of foot andankle in 1361 cases were presented,which were evaluated for acute trauma or chronic pain.There were 588 cases of foot CR and 773 cases of ankle CR,age ranged from 10 years to 91 years(984 cases of 20~40 years).The prevalence of calcaneonavicular coalition was determined and the different significance of both male and female,acute trauma and chronic pain group were analysed.Results In 1361 cases,72 cases of calcaneonavicular coalition(5.3%) were demonstrated,8.7%(47/588)on foot CR films and 3.2%(25/773) on ankle CR films.Calcaneonavicular coalition was more dipicted on foot CR films than on ankle CR films(P0.05).Conclusion The foot CR films is more superexcellent than the ankle CR films on demonstrating calcaneonavicular coalition.

Objective To study the clinicoradiologic significance of C sign.Methods 773 cases of standard ankle CR radiographs were presented for diagnosis of acute trauma and ankle pain. There were 565 males and 208 females, ages ranged from 10 to 81. There were 630 cases of acute trauma and 143 cases of painful ankle. C sign incidence, C sign figuration, distance of the medial facet of talocalcaneal joint, and the figuration of sustentaculum tali were studied. The relationship between C sign and talocalcaneal coalition was analysed.Results The incidence of C sign was 54.6%(422/773). The female incidence was 61.1%(127/208) ,which was more than that of male(52.2%,295/565)(P