A series of poly(ethylene terephthalate-Co-ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PEFT) copolyesters were synthesized with different terephthalic acid (PTA) /2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) molar ratios by direct esterification method. In order to investigate their chain structures, 1 H-NMR and 13 C-NMR spectra of these copolyesters were recorded. The average length ( L) , the degree of randomness ( B) and composition of copolyesters were calculated from the intensities of four kinds of signals, which corresponding to the chemical shifts of hydrogen and carbon atoms in ethylene glycol unit in PEFT copolyesters chains. It was shown that the degree of randomness B of all purified copolyesters reached to 1 by the formula of Yamadera and Murano, which indicated that they were random copolymers. Comparatively, the PEF-block-PET of B value was 0. 577, and the PEF-blend-PET of B value was 0 . It was also consistent with the previous results of differential scanning calorimeter ( DSC) that each of the PEFT copolyesters had only one glass transition temperature and the copolyesters were random copolymers. The randomness B of PEFT-50 was the greatest of all, the value was 1. 012 based on the result of 1 H-NMR, and the value was 1. 028 based on the result of 13 C-NMR. Furthermore, the results above displayed that the activity of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid and terephthalic acid was similar in this nucleophilic substation reaction with ethylene glycol.

Surgical management of idiopathic macular hole (IMH) is a hot topic in the field of fundus disease,and its classical surgery is internal limiting membrane peeling.In recent years,many researchers explored inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique for IMH.However,how large the IMH is necessary for inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique? Does the inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique have more advantages in operating procedure,anatomical and functional recovery of IMH in comparison with internal limiting membrane peeling? Our clinical researches and relative literature showed that it is better to use inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique for ＞550 μm IMH.There is still no available evidence showed inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique is of more benefit to the anatomical repair and functional restoration in comparison with internal limiting membrane peeling for IMH.Some viewpoints in this field are open to question.

Ice microalgae, which inhabit in the extreme conditions of polar marine environment, not only play an important role in Antarctica ecosystem but also show broad prospects in basic research and application. Ice microalgae have the specific physiological and metabolic properties that are responsible for their adaptation and acclimation to the special polar conditions. Based on the references in the recent twenty years and the partial research results of author's, the ice microalgae composition and distribution, and the application in bait, unsaturated fatty acid, anti-freezing proteins, UV-absorbing pigments and other active substances are reviewed. It is expected to provide references for the research and active substance exploitations of ice microalgae.

Objective To investigate the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of muhisystemic invasive fungal diseases. Methods Twenty-one patients with multisystemic invasive fungal diseases who were hospitalized in department of infectious diseases from January 2001 to June 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. The pathogenic bacteria, involved organs, underlying diseases, clinical manifestations, treatments and prognoses of muhisystemic invasive fungal diseases were analyzed. Results Among 21 recruited cases, 17 had underlying diseases and 11 were treated with long-term immunosuppressive agents. The main pathogenic bacteria were Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus and Candida parapsilosis. Lung and brain were involved in 16 cases (skin involve in 2 cases and lymph node involved in 1 case simultaneously), lung and lumbar involved in 2 cases, heart valves involved in 2 cases, and liver, spleen and bone marrow involved in 1 case. Eight cases were cured, 6 were improved and 7 died. Conclusions In this study, most of the 21 cases with multisystemic invasive fungal diseases are immunocompromised. The main pathogenic bacterium is Cryptococcus neoformans. The lung and brain are common organs involved. Prognosis is associated with early diagnosis and active anti-fungal treatment.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effects of flute-needle vacuum assistant hole closure technique for large idiopathic macular hole (IMH).Methods The clinical data of 25 eyes with IMH of 408-939 μm in 23 patients who received pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling and flute-needle vacuum assistant hole closure technique from Feburary in 2017 to June in 2018 in Peking University International Hospital were retrospectively analyzed.The changes of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) before and after operation were evaluated.The shapes of the hole closure were categorized,and the manifestations of outer retina were observed by optical coherence tomography (OCT),including external limiting membrane (ELM) and ellipsoid zone(EZ).Results The hole closure rate after surgery were 100％ (25/25),with the U type closure in 16 eyes and V type closure in 9 eyes.The BCVA was 0.76 ± 0.27 after operation,which was significantly improved in comparison with 1.05 ±0.29 before operation (t =3.61,P =0.01).The ELM of OCT image was (1 050.00±380.39)μm before operation,and that after operation reduced to (623.32 ± 328.66) μm,showing a significant difference between them (t =6.63,P=0.00).A fully reduced EZ band was seen after operation in comparison with before operation ([1 147.28±354.41] μm versus ([818.28±247.33] μm) (t=4.12,P=0.00).Conclusions A combination procedure of vitrectomy with flute-needle vacuum assistant hole closure technique is effective for large IMH,which is beneficial to the anatomical repair and functional recovery of outer retina.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the levels of nitrogen oxide (NO), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and to discuss their roles in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in patients with OSAHS. METHOD: NO, VEGF and HIF-1alpha levels were measured in 60 OSAHS patients and 26 healthy subjects; OSAHS patients were divided into mild, moderate and severe groups according to AHI. RESULT: NO levels in the moderate and severe OSAHS groups were significantly lower than that in the control group, but the levels of VEGF and HIF-la were increased compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The serum level of NO was negatively correlated with AHI (P < 0.01) and positively correlated with the lowest SaO2 (P < 0.01); the serum level of VEGF was positively correlated with AHI (P < 0.01) and negatively correlated with the lowest SaO2 (P < 0.01); No significant correlations were observed between HIF-1alpha and AHI and the lowest SaO2 (P > 0.05); NO levels showed negative correlations with VEGF levels (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The serum level of NO was reduced in response to the acceleration of hypoxia, while the level of VEGF was increased with the hypoxia. The results indicate that the levels of both NO and VEGF are associated with the severity of the disease. Decreasing NO levels and increasing VEGF are both the factors leading to endothelial dysfunction, which play an important role in the physiopathological process of the cardiovascular diseases in OSAHS patients.
Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nitric Oxide ; blood ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; blood ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; blood

OBJECTIVE: To study the correlation between the serum levels of nitrogen oxide (NO) and oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). METHOD: NO and oxLDL levels were measured in 60 OSAHS patients and 26 healthy subjects. OSAHS patients were divided into mild, moderate and severe groups according to AHI. RESULT: NO levels in the moderate and sever OSAHS groups was significantly lower than that in the control group, but the levels of oxLDL was increased compared with the control group. (P < 0.05). The serum levels of NO was negatively correlated with AHI (P < 0.01) and positively correlated with the lowest SaO2 (P < 0.01), the serum levels of oxLDL was positively correlated with AHI (P < 0.01) and negatively correlated with the lowest SaO2 (P < 0.01), NO levels showed negative correlations with oxLDL levels (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The serum level of NO is reduced in response to the increase of AHI and the acceleration of hypoxia, which indicated that there is a correlation between vascular endothelial dysfunction and the severity of hypoxia. The decrease of the level of NO and the increase of the oxLDL can promote the formation of atherosclerosis, which increased the incidence of cardiocerebrovascular disease in patients with OSAHS.
Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nitric Oxide ; blood ; Serum ; chemistry ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; blood ; physiopathology

Scientific performance-based salary system is of great significance for hospitals to implement effective internal management, improve the enthusiasm of medical staff, and promote the high-quality development of public hospitals. Based on the requirements of the national salary system reform, a tertiary general hospital has been designing and implementing a performance-based salary system since 2016. The hospital has established a job evaluation index system to stratify various job sequences in the hospital, and determined the job value coefficients for different sequences and levels. It has also established a performance salary project system that covered job performance salary, specific performance salary, and innovative performance salary. In addition, the hospital has established a performance-based salary management system that covered salary standard formulation, performance salary accounting and distribution, and dynamic adjustment of the performance-based salary management system. The application of this performance-based compensation management system has achieved the matching of employee value, job hierarchy, and medical services. From 2016 to 2020, employees′ overall satisfaction with performance-based salary exceeded 85%. At the same time, the system could enhance the operational efficiency and quality of the hospital, drive technological development and scientific research innovation, playing a positive incentive role in the high-quality development of the hospital.

Objective:On the basis of post evaluation,the hospital pharmacy posts are scientifically classified and stratified,and the performance evaluation standard of pharmacy posts is constructed.Methods:The hospital pharmacy posts are classified and stratified by factor comparison method and the post value coefficient is determined.Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process are used to construct the performance evaluation index system of pharmaceutical posts and determine the performance evaluation standards.Results:Pharmacy posts in hospitals are divided into 5 categories,including clinical pharmacists,research pharmacists,static pharmacists,dispensing pharmacists and purchasing pharmacists.The indexes and weights of pharmaceutical post performance evaluation are determined from 4 dimensions:service,process,quality and cost,and the evaluation standard of pharmaceutical post performance oriented to rational drug use is established.Conclusion:The construction of pharmaceutical performance evaluation system meets the requirements of the reform of public hospitals for the transformation and development of pharmaceutical services,which is conducive to enhancing the enthusiasm of pharmaceutical personnel and improving the efficiency and benefit of pharmaceutical services.

Objective:To explore the changes of disease structure in a tertiary general hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods:A database of 783 diagnosis-related groups(DRG) patients in a tertiary general hospital from 2017 to 2020 was used. The rank sum test was used to compare the number of patients among different years, and the Chi-square test was used to compare the composition of patients among different years. With the patient composition ratio as the main index, the thermal cluster analysis was used to analyze the changes of disease structure during the COVID-19 pandemic, from the perspectives of major diagnostic categories(MDC) and the key DRG(the number of patients in any year more than 2 000)respectively. All analyses were performed in R software, with P<0.05 indicating significance. Results:There were significant differences in the number and composition of patients in MDC groups and key DRG groups among different years( P<0.05). The results of thermal clustering analysis showed that the MDC composition of patients in 2020 was significantly different from those in 2017 to 2019; the 26 MDC groups were classified into four main categories. The results of thermal clustering analysis also showed that the DRG composition of patients in 2020 were significantly different from those in 2017 to 2019; The RU14 group and the other 19 key DRG groups were classified into different groups; and the other 19 key DRG groups except RU14 were classified into five main categories. Conclusions:The disease structure of tertiary general hospitals has changed significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic.