Objective To study the acute toxicity of total polymethoxyflavones from Bauhinia championii (PMFBC) in mice and its effect on experimental gastric ulcer. Methods The acute toxicity of PMFBC was investigated by Bliss method. Three kinds of gastric ulcer model including indomethacin, ethanol, and water immersion-restraint stress were used to observe the effect of PMFBC in mice. Results The LD50 value of ig administration PMFBC on mice was 1 252.319 mg/kg, which showed acute toxicity; PMFBC had protective effect on three gastric ulcer models, which could significantly reduce the ulcer area of the mice, and had a high inhibition rate. Conclusion PMFBC has obvious inhibition effect on the fomation of gastric ulcer in mice, which can be safty used in a certain dose range.

Cartilage is one of the earliest reconstructed tissues used in tissue engineering. Due to the lack of appropriate seeding cells, cartilage tissue engineering is, however, relatively lagged behind. With the emergence of stem cell research, adipose stem cells(ASCs) are introduced as seeding cells into tissue engineering for possessing many advantages such as wide spreading, large amount of cells available and easy to obtain. However, the outcome of tissue engineered cartilage construction by ASCs is not as ideal as that by bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) yet. Low efficiency of ASC chondrogenesis is considered the major cause. This review summarizes the purification of adipose-derived cells, maintenance of sternness and optimization of ehondrogenie induction, which play vital roles in improving ASC s chondrogenesis.

In vitro construction technology is a key approach to industrialization and clinic application of engineered cartilage. However, it is very difficult to acquire a functional engineered cartilage with the present technology. Bioreactors can simulate the cartilage microenvironment in vivo and are expected to make up the shortcoming of the present technology. Current bioreactors in use are designed according to fluid shear pressure, hydrostatic pressure and/or direct compression, all of which can promote the development and mature of cartilage in vivo. Due to the failure to achieve ideal results by a single-purpose bioreactor, it will become a development direction in future to design and produce a compound bioreactor. This article reviewed the advances in the bioreactor for cartilage tissue engineering.

AIM: To compare the differences of CP-RNFL, optic nerve head(ONH)and macular parameters between ocular hypertension(OHT)patients with different central corneal thickness(CCT)and normal subjects using three dimensional optical coherence tomography(3D-OCT).

METHODS: This is a prospective study including 124 eyes of 77 OHT patients classified as group 1(CCT<555μm)including 38 eyes of 25 patients, group 2(CCT 555-590μm)including 44 eyes of 26 patients and group 3(CCT>590μm)including 42 eyes of 26 patients according to CCT. Totally 124 eyes of 77 normal healthy subjects, matching patients with age and gender, were divided into group four. The CP-RNFL thickness,optic nerve head and macular parameters were measured by 3D-OCT. There were no significant difference in gender, age between four groups and in intraocular pressure among three OHT patients groups.

RESULTS: The optic rim area was significantly smaller in group one than in other three groups, and the thickness of inferior CP-RNFL was significantly thinner than group two and group three, while the thickness of the temporal inner ring of macular was thinner than group three. All the thickness of the central fovea, macular center 1mm, the temporal inner ring of macular in OHT patients were significantly thinner than healthy subjects. The CCT and the rim area in OHT patients were significantly positively correlated.

CONCLUSION: The OHT patients are considered to be different from normal persons in optic nerve head and macular parameters though the parameters are still in normal range. CCT<555μm may be a risk factor of OHT patients converting to POAG, so we should pay more attention to following up these patients and intervention in time.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the inhibitory effects of novel phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor ZL-n-91 to the proliferation of leukemia cells L1210 and K562. METHODS: CCK-8 method was used to detect the effect of ZL-n-91 to the proliferation of L1210 and K562 cells, and the proliferation rate, IC RESULTS: ZL-n-91 showed a significant inhibitory effect to the proliferation of leukemia cells L1210 and K562 in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.001). After treated by ZL-n-91, the leukemia cells L1210 and K562 in the S-phase in cell cycle decreased significantly compared with those in control group (P<0.01). The apoptosis of leukemia cells L1210 and K562 could be induced by ZL-n-91 (P<0.001), and the expression level of apoptosis related protein BAX significantly increased. In the animal experiment, the result showed that ZL-n-91 could significantly inhibit the growth of subcutaneously transplantation tumor (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The novel phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor ZL-n-91 can effectively inhibit the proliferation of leukemia cells L1210 and K562, which has the potential of anti-leukemia drug development.
Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Leukemia ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors/pharmacology*

Programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitor has become one of the important treatment options for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, only a small subset of patients with NSCLC can currently receive single-agent PD-1 inhibitors as first-line therapy, for the limitations of population selection exclude most patients from immuno-oncology (IO) monotherapy. In order to expand the candidate population for IO first-line treatment and make more newly diagnosed patients benefit from IO treatment, a series of studies are focusing on the combination of IO and other drugs in NSCLC. We reviewed the latest clinical data of IO first-line combination therapy in recent years, suggesting that on the basis of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, combined with other IO, chemotherapy, anti-angiogenic drugs, targeted therapy or radiotherapy may produce synergistic anti-tumor effects. It is expected to benefit more newly diagnosed patients.
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Animals ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; immunology ; therapy ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; methods ; trends ; Lung Neoplasms ; immunology ; therapy

BACKGROUND:There were certain differences in the anatomical structure of knee joint between man and woman. Gender knee solution is a new type of artificial knee joint prosthesis, which is specialy designed for women. Theoreticaly, the outcome of unisex total knee arthroplasty prosthesis should be related to gender, but we did not find very obvious differences in practical clinical work.
OBJECTIVE:To analyze the differences in curative effects of the unisex knee arthroplasty prosthesis between male and female patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty so as to find out if it is necessary to apply female knee prosthesis among appropriate crowd.
METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty from May 2001 to June 2011. Among 312 patients (350 knees receiving total knee arthroplasty), patients who died within 3 years after surgery, lost to folow-up and underwent revision were excluded. Changes in knee functions and imaging were observed between males and females.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The women and men had similar mean pre-operative knee scores, flexion function, pain score among 285 patients (300 knees). However, the women had significantly lower mean extension function and function scores than the men. There were no significant differences in improvement in the knee scores, flexion, the pain and knee function between women and men before and after surgery. Nevertheless, men had better extension than women. No significant difference in radiolucencies and complications was seen between females and males. Therefore, there was little difference in outcomes between women and men who used the unisex total knee arthroplasty prosthesis.

Objective To compare the difference in clinical prognosis of patients with low malignant obstructive jaundice treated by percutaneous biliary stent insertion across or above the duodenal papilla.Methods 56 patients with malignant biliary obstruction were reviewed retrospectively.Stents were placed above the duodenal papilla in 31 cases (group A) and across the duodenal papilla in 25 cases (group B).Total bilirubin reduction rate after 4-7 days of the procedure, biliary infection rate and stent occlusion rate were evaluated and compared between two groups.Results Mean survival periods were 180.3±142.5 days for group A and 178.6±137.7 days for group B (P=0.840).Total bilirubin level was decreased by 42.0±43.6% for group A and by 41.4±28.7% for group B after 4-7 days of the procedure(P=0.950);clinical success rates were 93.5% for group A and 92.0% for group B (P=1.0).Post-procedure cholangitis occurred in 7 cases (22.6%) in group A and 5 cases (20.0%) in group B (P=0.815).Stent occlusion rates were 22.6% and 28.0% for group A and group B (P=0.642).Conclusion For patients with lower malignant biliary obstruction, both of the two modalities of stent placement are safe and effective treatment.Stent placement across the duodenal papilla do not increase the development of stent occlusion or cholangitis compared with stent placement above the duodenal papilla.

Objective To study the effects of atractylodes I, II, and III against rotavirus in vitro and in vivo. Methods An in vitro study model was established using Caco-2 cells. The cytopathic effect (CPE) and MTT staining were used to determine the toxicity of atractylenolide I, II, and III to cells for the inhibition of rotavirus biosynthesis, direct inactivation of rotavirus, and antiviral adsorption, with ribavirin as a positive drug. With half of the therapeutic concentration (EC50) and half of the cytotoxic concentration (TC50), the treatment index TI value was obtained and used as the evaluation index. An RV-infected model of suckling diarrhea was established in vivo to observe the signs and symptoms of the suckling mice, and the in vivo anti-rotavirus effect was preliminarily determined according to the diarrhea score and the weight gain. Results In vitro studies found that atractylenolide III had the direct inactivation effect on rotavirus with TI value of 8; atractylodes III medium-dose group has the best anti-rotavirus effect in vivo. Conclusion Atractylodes III, the main active component of Atractylodes macrocephala, has significant anti-rotavirus effect in vitro and in vivo; Atractylenolide III mainly works by directly inactivating rotavirus in vitro.

Objective To establish odor fingerprint determination method of Aurantii Fructus from different growing areas based on bionic olfaction technology, and provide the reference for the quality control of Aurantii Fructus. Methods The bionic olfactory system (electronic nose, PEN3) was used to measure the odor of Aurantii Fructus from different growing areas; The LDA (Linear discriminant analysis) method was used to determine its odor fingerprint, and the simulation for identification was realized based on MATLAB 2013. Results Although these odor fingerprints of Aurantii Fructus from different growing areas were similar, there were significant differences in peaks' value from each other. The established odor fingerprints can achieve the 96% identification accuracy between known and unknown samples. Conclusion The method is simple, accurate and repeatable, which can be used for quality control of Aurantii Fructus from different growing areas.