Objective: To evaluate the polyphenol extracted from Litchi chinensis and quantify the content of four kinds of polyphenol therein, the combination of fingerprint and quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker (QAMS) was used. Methods: A total of 22 batches of extract from Litchi chinensis were assayed by RP-UPLC to establish a common mode of fingerprints. For achieving QAMS, a method was developed by selecting epicatechin as internal reference and the relative correction factor of the three components, procyanidin A2, procyanidin B2, and epicatechin-(4β→8,2β→O→7)-epicatechin-(4β→8)-epicatechin (PC-C), to determine their contents. The feasibility and accuracy of QAMS were evaluated by comparing the contents of four polyphenols determined with two different methods, QAMS and external standard method. Results: Nineteen common peaks were identified in the characteristic fingerprint, nine components, including the known principal components, procyanidine B2 (peak 6), epicatechin (peak 8), PC-C (peak 9), procyanidine A2 (peak 15), three trimers of procyanidine type A (peaks 12, 16, and 17), a dimer of procyanidine type A (peak 19) and a dimer of procyanidine type B (peak 14), were verified in 22 batches of Litchi chinensis extract. Good similarities with correlation coefficients higher than 0.9 were found in 22 batches fingerprints. There was no significant difference between calculated value and detected value of the four ingredients in 22 batches, by QAMS and external standard method. Conclusion: The results showed that the combined method of fingerprint and QAMS for quality control is accurate and feasible and provide reference method to evaluate the quality of extracts from Litchi chinensis.

Unclear labor relationship is the most common challenging issue in occupational disease diagnosis. At present, there are three main errors in the understanding regarding labor relationship in the process of occupational disease diagnosis. Firstly, labor relationship does not need to be considered in occupational disease diagnosis. Secondly, labor relationship must exist in order to initiate the occupational disease diagnosis procedure. Lastly, there is an overreach in handling labor relationship issues beyond one's authority. Labor relationship is the basic and antecedent problem which cannot be avoided in occupational diseases diagnosis. While officially, labor relationship issue should be considered in occupational disease diagnosis, they are not a necessary condition. The occupational diseases diagnosis requires actual labor and employment relations. If the workers with actual labor-relation are suspected to have health injuries caused by occupational hazards in the workplace, they are eligible for occupational diseases diagnosis. But it is not the responsibility of health department to judge the labor relationship. When a dispute arises between a worker and an employer regarding labor relationship, the resolution of the relevant dispute shall be submitted to the human resources and social services department or the labor and personnel arbitration committee, or submitted to the court for adjudication according to law. In the process of occupational disease diagnosis, the two reasonable disposal procedures for verifying actual labor and employment relationship involve workers submitting evidence of their labor relationship with the employer, and the employer's verification. If the employer disputes the labor relationship as presented by the worker, the occupational disease diagnosis institution should inform the worker to apply for labor dispute arbitration. However, it is important to note that arbitration or mediation documents from the court cannot be used as evidence in occupational disease diagnosis.

The right of occupational disease diagnosis is a worker's right to occupational health protection, and a procedural right to protect substantive rights. Its contents include the submission of occupational disease diagnosis, the application for occupational disease diagnosis and appraisal, as well as the cooperative obligation of the parties. The right of occupational disease diagnosis and appraisal is the embodiment and extension of the right of occupational disease diagnosis. For workers, the right of occupational disease diagnosis is private, and waiving the diagnosis of occupational diseases is a personal right. For employers, there is no legal right to request initial occupational disease diagnosis, but there is a right to apply for occupational disease diagnosis appraisal and to request re-diagnosis of occupational diseases. The cooperative obligation in occupational disease diagnosis is to guarantee the initiation and smooth progression of the right to occupational disease diagnosis. After workers request occupational disease diagnosis, if they unreasonably refuse to cooperate in health examinations or medical examinations during the diagnosis process, it can be considered as waiving the right to occupational disease diagnosis. If the employers apply for appraisal of occupational disease diagnosis without paying the appraisal fee, it can be handled as waiving their rights or withdrawing their appraisal applications. When workers apply for occupational disease diagnosis or appraisal of occupational disease diagnosis, but the employer refuses to pay the corresponding fee, it does not affect the progress of occupational disease diagnosis and appraisal work. In this case, the employer should bear the corresponding administrative responsibilities according to law.

Occupational health risk assessment is a legal requirement. In legal terms, "occupational health risk assessment" is a means which focuses on occupational disease monitoring and special investigations, analyzing relevant information collected, and ultimately identifying high-risk industries and regions, and proposing reasonable, feasible, and scientific risk management and control recommendations to reduce occupational health risks in key industries and regions. The collection and selection of information are the foundation and core of occupational health risk assessment work. Causation determination is an important basis for information classification in occupational health risk assessment. The establishment and application of mathematical models are the prospects and directions for high-quality development of occupational health risk assessment work. However, the current research does not pay adequate attention on mathematical models for occupational health risk assessment methods, resulting in no substantial progression or improvement in occupational health risk assessment work. The key to future occupational health risk assessment work is to accurately grasp the definition of occupational health risk assessment in a legal term, to streamline and improve the indicator system of occupational health risk assessment, to actively explore and apply mathematical models for occupational health risk assessment, and to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of occupational health risk assessment work.

In order to construct generally efficient cell immortalization vector, pTP-hTERT, we modified the traditional piggyBac (PB) transposon using artificial synthesis, PCR and enzyme digestion. The modified vector contained the necessary transposon elements, a PB transposase expression cassette, a co-expression selectable element and a human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) expression cassette. The co-expression selectable element had two markers, enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene and puromycin-resistance (Puro) gene, linked by porcine teschovirus-1 2A peptide (P2A). To validate the functionality of vector elements, we transfected pTP-hTERT into HEK293 cell, selected the positive cell clones and then conducted RT-PCR, Western blotting (WB) and Tail-PCR, methylene blue staining and statistic analysis on selected cells. The results of sequencing and cell culture show that the pTP-hTERT was constructed successfully and the positive cell could be selected by puromycin. The WB results, P2A cutting EGFP and Puro fusion protein with high efficiency, reflected the selectable element worked. The sequencing result of Tail-PCR confirmed the vector integrated into the genome through transposition. The results of methylene blue staining and statistic analysis indicated the clone of positive cells triggered by pTP-hTERT significantly increased (P < 0.01) compared with control group. The construction of pTP-hTERT provides an efficient tool for establishing immortalized cell lines and a demonstration for building other eukaryotic plasmids.
Cell Line ; DNA Transposable Elements ; genetics ; Genetic Vectors ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; genetics ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Plasmids ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Telomerase ; genetics ; Transfection

Objective To explore motivation alteration influencing factors of internet addiction disorder (IAD) undergraduates.Methods The study sampled randomly 793 undergraduates from China University.According to CIAS-R and Young's internet addiction diagnostic criteria,a total of 37 internet addicts were selected.Internet addiction survey was used to study the motivation alteration influencing factors of IAD undergraduates.Results (1) The negative effect of internet using on academy,personal relationship etc.(damage from internet using) had a significant positive correlation with motivation alteration (r =0.672,0.699,0.658,P ＜ 0.01 ; r =0.653,0.673,0.628,P ＜ 0.01 ; r =0.604,0.681,0.703,P ＜ 0.01).(2) Benefit from psychological satisfactory level of internet using had no significant difference with motivation alteration.(3) Self-efficiency of behavioral control on using internet had a significant negative correlation with motivation alteration (r =-0.397,-0.370,P ＜0.05).Conclusion The motivation alteration of IAD undergraduates is influenced by the factors of damage from internet using,sense of achievement,self-efficiency of behavioral control on using internet and so on.

OBJECTIVE: To study the treatment of OSAHS with nasal diseases by nasal operation. METHOD: Ninety four cases of OSAHS with nasal diseases were analyzed. The patients were operated on nasal cavity to improve ventilation included Septectomy, CPS for inferior turbinate and FESS. The patients were examined by PSG at 2 months and 1 year after operation. All patients were followed up one year. RESULT: Among 94 cases, 19 cases had efficient result after nasal operation and had no recurrence one year after operation. The efficient rate was 20. 21% (19/94). These patients were mild degree and I type. The other 75 cases had invalid result. CONCLUSION The patients of OSAHS with nasal diseases, especially mild degree and I type one should be undertaken nasal operation.
Adult ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Cavity ; Nose ; surgery ; Nose Diseases ; complications ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; complications ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

Basal Ganglia ; pathology ; Calcinosis ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins, Type III ; genetics ; Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive ; etiology

In the context of global warming, the frequency, intensity, and duration of heatwaves will further increase. In recent years, plenty of studies have suggested from diversiform perspectives that heatwaves may increase mortality risk. However, the focuses of current studies on heat wave and human health are scattered, and a systematic theoretical framework has not yet been formed. We therefore systematically reviewed the previous literature in terms of possible mechanism paths and vulnerability mechanism of heatwave increasing mortality risk, summarized the vulnerability factors that influence exposure opportunities, constrain adaptive capacity, as well as affect physiological responses and behaviors. We further attempted to propose a theoretical framework from the processes of "exposure degree-modification effect-physiological behavior-health outcome". This paper summarized the research directions on heatwaves and health, which can provide ideas for future in-depth health risk assessment and adaptation to climate change.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the early adverse effect index caused by short-term-repeated exposure to cadmium chloride via oral perfusion in male rats. METHODS: Forty specific pathogen free healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group,low-,middle-and high-dose groups. The rats of low-,middle-and high-dose groups were treated with cadmium chloride 1. 11,3. 51 and 11. 06 mg/kg body weight,respectively,and the control group rats was treated with the same volume of ultra pure water,by gavage once a day for four weeks. During the experimental duration,the body weights of the rats were taken and activity status of the rats was observed. After the experiment,the rats were executed,and some indicators of main organ coefficients,blood routine,serum biochemical indexes,urine related effect indexes and bone mineral density were measured. RESULTS: During the experimental duration,rats of high-dose group showed the symptoms such as decreased activity,increase repose,move slowly and skin duller. Comparing with control group at the same time points,the body masses of the high-dose group of the 1-4 weeks were lower(P < 0. 05).After the experiment,comparing with control group,the weights of kidney and spleen of the high-dose group decreased significantly(P < 0. 05) and the liver coefficient increased significantly(P < 0. 05). The cadmium levels in blood,urine,liver,kidney and thighbone of the middle-and high-dose groups were higher than those of the control group(P < 0. 05).The red blood cell counts of the low-and middle-dose groups increased significantly(P < 0. 05). The level of hemoglobin of middle-and high-dose groups decreased(P < 0. 05),and the activity of alanine aminotransferase in high-dose groups increased significantly(P < 0. 05). Comparing with control group,the levels of urine α_1-microglobulin and urine β_2-microglobulin in urine of the middle-dose group were decreased(P < 0. 05) and the level of urine urea nitrogen increased(P < 0. 05),but there were no significantly changes of the above three indexes in the high-dose group(P >0. 05). There were no significant difference of the levels of N-acetyl-beta-D glucosaminidase in urine between control and treatment groups(P > 0. 05). Simultaneously,in high-dose group,the weight of thighbone,the bone calcium content and bone mineral density reduced significantly than those of the control group(P < 0. 05). CONCLUSION: Skeletal effects can be used as an early toxic effect sensitive index of short-term-repeated experiments exposure to cadmium chloride via oral perfusion in male rats.