AIM: To analyze the risk factors for recurrence after pterygium excision and the influence on corneal astigmatism and tear film break-up time.METHODS:Retrospective study. A total of 110 pterygium patients(110 eyes)admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to January 2023 were selected, including 77 primary pterygium patients(77 eyes)and 33 recurrent pterygium patients(33 eyes). Pterygium excision was performed in all patients. The corneal astigmatism and tear film break-up time of patients with pterygium were measured before and after operation. The recurrence of pterygium was analyzed and the risk factors of recurrence were analyzed.RESULTS:In this study, 8 eyes with pterygium recurred after excision, and the recurrence rate was 7.3%. There was no difference in corneal astigmatism of all patients before and after surgery(2.02±0.32 vs 2.00±0.32 D, P>0.05), and there was a difference in tear film break-up time(9.55±1.24 vs 13.46±2.56 s, P<0.05). The results of multi-factor Logistics regression analysis showed that age, working environment, diabetes, pterygium nature, postoperative tear film break-up time and operation method were the factors that affected the recurrence of pterygium after excision(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Age, working environment, diabetes mellitus, pterygium nature, postoperative tear film break-up time and surgical method are all risk factors for postoperative recurrence of pterygium.

Three dimentional printing is a new rapid prototyping technology based on digital model files, which developed through a combination of multi-disciplines such as information technology, precision machinery and materials science. With rapid development in recent years, three dimentional printing technology has been widely used in the medical fields, stomatology especially. It gradually penetrates into various parts of stomatology, such as education, practice and innovation, making stomatology clinical medicine more and more efficient, accurate and minimally invasive. Combined with basic research and clinical cases, this article describes the application and developent prospects of three dimentional printing technology in stomatology.

Oral mucosal disease is a general term for a type of disease that mainly affects the oral mucosa and surrounding soft tissues. In the treatment of oral mucosal diseases, due to the particularity of the anatomical location, the use of topical administration is relatively simple and convenient; drugs can easily accumulate in the lesions, and at the same time, they can also avoid adverse reactions caused by systemic drug delivery. Topical administration has become an important and even preferred option for the treatment of oral mucosal diseases. There are various types of topically used drugs for oral mucosal diseases, such as glucocorticoids (triamcinolone acetonide), immunomodulatory drugs (tacrolimus), antiseptic drugs (chlorhexidine), pain relievers (lidocaine) and proprietary Chinese medicines (aloe vera gel). Among these drugs, although the most widely used liquid formulations such as gargles and sprays are easy to use, they are not conducive to local retention of drugs due to the particularity of the oral environment and function. Based on this, researchers have continuously improved the dosage form of the drug, and developed a series of semi-solid pharmaceutical preparations such as gels and ointments, some of which have exerted good curative effects in clinical work. In addition, although films, patches and other solid oral mucosal topical pharmaceutical preparations have few clinical applications, they have also been widely researched and described and are expected to become the mainstream dosage form in the future. In general, with the improvement of dosage forms, topical administration is playing an increasingly important role in the treatment of oral mucosal diseases. Therefore, combined with basic research and clinical reports, this article reviews the application of topical drug delivery in the treatment of oral mucosal diseases