Objective To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of MR urography(MRU) in the diagnosis of urinary diseases. Methods MR urography was performed in 58 patients with urologic diseases,inclu- ding :renal tuberculosis(6),various congenital anomalies of urinary tract(27),renal pelvis carcinoma(2), ureteral carcinoma (10),ureteral polyp(2),ureteral calculi(8) and iatrogenic ureteral stricture(3). Results MR urography provided high-resolution images of the kidneys and urinary tract in all patients.The characteristics of renal tuberculosis,urinary tract dilation and the various anatomic anomalies were depicted well.MR urography was successful in localizing the level of obstruction in all of the 58 patients(100%),although MR urography alone could not reliably determine the cause of obstruction in some cases. Conclusions In diagnosing urinary diseases,MR urography has its advantages and limitations.It should be used appropriately in diagnosing urinary diseases.

BACKGROUND:Chitin has been found to be a good biomaterial, but research on chitin carrying corneal epithelial cel s for rabbit corneal epithelial injury is little reported. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the repair outcomes of chitin hybrid membrane carrying corneal epithelial cel s in the rabbit corneal epithelial injury.METHODS:Eighteen New Zealand white rabbits were enrol ed and made into left corneal epithelial injury models, and then randomized into two groups and treated with chitin hybrid membrane carrying corneal epithelial cel s (experimental group) and chitin hybrid membrane (control group), respectively. The damage area, histological changes and ultrastructure of the cornea were observed at 1, 3, and 7 days after implantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Damage area of the cornea in the experimental group was significantly less than that in the control group at 1 and 3 days after implantation (P<0.05), and the cornea in both two groups healed wel at 7 days after implantation. At 7 days after implantation, in both two groups, the corneal epithelium with six layers adhered to the corneal stroma closely, which was repaired completely and regularly. Comparatively speaking, the cornea in the experimental group possessed smooth outer layer. Besides, in the experimental group, the hexagonal corneal epithelial cel s arranged closely with flat surface;while the hexagonal corneal epithelial cel s in the control group showed no smooth surface and gaps between cel s. These results indicate that chitin hybrid membrane carrying corneal epithelial cel s promotes the repair of rabbit corneal epithelial injury.

BACKGROUND:Chitosan nanoparticles-encapsuled sodium hyaluronate is an effective drug for the burned cornea. OBJECTIVE:To verify the effect of sodium hyaluronate/chitosan nanoparticles on the neovascularization in burned cornea. METHODS:Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups, and the model of burned cornea caused by base was established in the rats of model and experimental groups, fol owed by respectively treated with 10μL sodium hyaluronate/chitosan nanoparticle suspension and normal saline, once daily, for consecutive 4 weeks. Rats only given normal saline were used as controls. Four weeks later, the dynamic growth of newly formed blood vessels in the cornea was observed using silt lamp. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-αand interleukin-6 were detected by ELISA, histological changes of the cornea were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, and the mRNA expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and cyclooxygenase 2 were detected by real-time PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group, the area of the newly formed blood vessel and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, vascular endothelial growth factor and cyclooxygenase 2 were significantly increased in the model group (P<0.05, P<0.01). In the experimental group, al above indicators were significantly lower than those in the model group (P<0.05). There were a large number of inflammatory cel s and neovascularization in the model group, but only few inflammatory cel s in the experimental group. These results show that sodium hyaluronate/chitosan nanoparticles can inhibit the neovascularization in the burned cornea.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of heat treatment and ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation alone or in combination on the expression of heat shock protein (HSP) 72 in human epidermal melanocytes.Methods Melanocytes were obtained from human foreskin,and subjected to primary culture.After 3 to 5 passages,the melanocytes were classified into 4 groups:control group (receiving no treatment),heat treatment group (treated with heat at 42 ℃ for 1 hour every day for 3 days),UVB group(irradiated with UVB at 50 mJ/cm2 daily for 3days),combination group(treated with heat at 42 ℃ for 1 hour followed by irradiation with UVB at 50 mJ/cm2daily for 3 days).After another 2- to 6-hour culture following the last treatment,melanocytes were collected and subjected to real time PCR and Western blot for the detection of HSP72 mRNA and protein expression,respectively.ResultsThe mRNA and protein expressions of HSP72 were significantly higher in the heat treatment group and combination group than in the control group (mRNA:6.584 ± 0.871 and 7.269 ± 0.454 vs.0.975 ± 0.089,both P ＜ 0.001; protein:2.022 ± 0.058 and 2.080 ± 0.045 vs.0.532 ± 0.033,both P ＜ 0.001 ),but was similar between the UVB group and control group (mRNA:0.832 ± 0.084 vs.0.975 ± 0.089,P ＞ 0.05;protein:0.546±0.021 vs.0.532 ± 0.033,P ＞ 0.05).The ANOVA of factorial design showed that neither heat treatment nor UVB irradiation had interaction effect on the mRNA or protein expression of HSP72 (F =2.106,1.399 respectively,both P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionsHeat treatment can cause an increase in the expression of HSP72,which may enhance the function of melanocytes and protect melanocytes from UVB induced damage.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of heat treatment combined with narrow band ultraviolet B(NB-UVB) on cultured normal human melanocytes in vitro.MethodsMelanocytes were isolated from the foreskin of normal human,cullured in vitro,and irradiated with NB-UVB of different doses(20,30,50,70,90,120 and 180 mJ/cm2).Then,MTT assay was performed to evaluate the proliferation and activity of melanocytes to determine the optimal dose of UVB for the next experiment.Melanocytes were classified into 3 groups to be treated with heat at 42 ℃ for 1 hour (heat group),irradiated with UVB at 50 mJ/cm2 (UVB group),or irradiated with UVB at 50 mJ/cm2 followed by heat treatment at 42 ℃ for 1 hour (combination group),daily for 3 successive days; those receiving no treatment served as the control.After 24-hour culture following the last treatment,tyrosinase activity was evaluated with L-dopa as the substrate,melanin content was detected by NaOH assay,and cell cycle stages were determined by flow cytometry.ResultsNB-UVB irradiation decreased the viability of melanocytes in a dose-dependent manner,and the optimum dose of UVB was 50 mJ/cm2.The tyrosinase activity of melanocytes was 0.244 ± 0.018 and 0.310 ± 0.015 respectively in the UVB group and combination group,and increased by 3.8％ (P ＜ 0.05) and 31.9％ (P ＜ 0.05) respectively compared with the control group (0.235 ± 0.018); the melanin content was 0.201 ± 0.016 and 0.286 ± 0.019,respectively in the UVB group and combination group,and increased by 17.5％ (P ＜ 0.05 ) and 67.3％ (P ＜ 0.05) compared with the control group (0.171 ± 0.016).In comparison with the control group,the percentage of melanocytes in G1 phase was decreased by 23.94％ in the UVB group(P＜ 0.05) and 33.51％ in the combination group(P ＜ 0.05),while that in S phase and G2 phase increased by 15.35％ (P ＜ 0.05 ) and 11.93％ (P ＜ 0.05),respectively in the UVB group,and 17.76％ (P ＞ 0.05) and 16.08％ (P ＞ 0.05),respectively in the heat group.ConclusionHeat treatment and NB-UVB can synergistically enhance the tyrosinase activity and accelerate melanogenesis,proliferation and differentiation,of melanocytes.

ObjectiveTo observe the increasing effect of infrared irradiation on tyrosinase activity and melanin content in cultured normal human epidermal melanocytes in vitro and to explore the optimal dose of infrared irradiation.MethodsEpidermal melanocytes were isolated from normal human foreskin tissue,and subjected to primary culture.Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) assay was performed to evaluate the effect of different doses(0,20,60,80,100,140,240,320 J/cm2)of infrared light on the proliferation of melanocytes and to select the optimal irradiation dose.Then,melanocytes were irradiated with infrared light at the optimal dose for 3 consecutive days followed by the determination of tyrosinase activity,melanin content,and cell cycle via dopa oxidation assay,NaOH solubilization method and flow cytometry,respectively.ResultsThe best intervention dose of infrared light was 80 J/cm2.The tyrosinase activity(A492 nm) and melanin content(A492 nm)were 0.3601 ± 0.0301 and 0.2748 ± 0.0243 respectively in melanocytes after irradiation with infrared light of 80 J/cm2 for 3 days,significantly higher than those in unirradiated melanocytes(0.3114 ± 0.0341,0.2325 ±0.0254,respectively,both P ＜ 0.05),with an increase rate of 15.64％ and 18.19％ respectively.Cell cycle analysis revealed a decline in cell percentage in G1 phase(P ＜ 0.01 ) but a concomitant increase in cell percentage in G2 and S phase (both P ＜ 0.05) in irradiated melanocytes compared with unirradiated melanocytes.ConclusionsThe optimal dose of infrared light is 80 J/cm2 for the irradiation of melanocytes,and this dose of infrared light can increase melanin content,tyrosinase activity,differentiation and proliferation of melanocytes.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the authors, the organizations and regional distribution of these authors of Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine, and ascertain the core authors, core organizations and core regions.

METHODSUsing quantitative analysis method, the authors, co-authors and the core authors of papers published in between 1996 to 2005 were analysed. Also, the distributions of districts and highly quantitative organization were determined statistically.

RESULTSThere were 722 articles published during the last ten years; 510 authors had only published one paper, accounting for 70.64% of the total first authors. There were 712 articles having one or more co-authors, the cooperatively rate and degree were 98.61% and 5.54, respectively. There were 10 papers with single author, which accounted for 1.39% of total papers. The number of papers from universities, institutes and affiliated hospitals were 366 (50.69%), 229 (31.72%) and 78 (10.80%), respectively. There were 90 core authors publishing 212 (29.36%) papers, while 13 highly-quantities organizations published 303 (41.97%) papers. The core region was Beijing, in which there were published 231 (31.99%) articles.

CONCLUSIONAuthors of the Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine should have a wide distribution and highly cooperative rate. There are a group of active and talented core authors, who have offered a great influence on the Journal.

Authorship ; Bibliometrics ; China ; Periodicals as Topic ; statistics & numerical data ; Preventive Medicine

OBJECTIVETo investigate morphologic changes of Angle class II and skeletal class I patients during pendulum and straight wire appliances treatment and to analyze the mechanism of this treatment protocol.

METHODS10 patients with Angle class II and skeletal class I malocclusion were recruited. The lateral cephalometric radiographs were evaluated to determine if there were significant differences among pre-treatment (T1), after molar distalization (T2), and post-treatment (T3) variables including skeletal, dental and soft tissue relationships.

RESULTSDifferences between the T1 and T2 means were significant for distal movement and distal angulation of the maxillary molars (P < 0.01), mesial angulation of the maxillary incisors (P < 0.05), mesial movement of the maxilla (P < 0.01) . There were no significant changes between T1 and T3 in respect saggital position and angulation of the maxillary molars (P > 0.05) . Only the mesial movement of lower first molars and upper and lower jaws were significant (P < 0.01) during the whole treatment. No upper second molar impaction was detected after treatment.

CONCLUSIONThe upper molars distalization could be achieved by pendulum appliance. The class I molar relationship could be obtained by the differential growth of jaws and the differential movement of upper and lower molars.

Cephalometry ; Humans ; Incisor ; Malocclusion, Angle Class I ; therapy ; Malocclusion, Angle Class II ; therapy ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Molar ; Orthodontic Appliances ; Tooth Movement Techniques

OBJECTIVE This study investigated transcriptional regulation of the main chemical con-stituents of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. including Stilbene Glucoside (THSG) and anthraquinone constituents (Emodin, Rhein, Aloeemodin, Chrysophanol and Physcion) and six potential liver injury constituents(gallic acid,quercetin,luteolin,kaempferol,resveratrol)on mediated by PXR CYP3A4.Early establishment of pregnane X receptor mediated CYP3A4 drug induced rapid screening technique was used to determine the effects of these constituents. METHODS First,effect of constituents on the cell activity was detected by MTS cell viability assay. IC50was calculated. Second, the expression vector and reporter vector were co-transfected into Hep G2 cells,10 μmol·L-1Rifampicin as a positive control, 10 μmol·L-1Ketoconazole as a negative control. After treated with different concentrations of (the an-thraquinone constituents concentrations were 2.5,5 and 10 μmol·L-1;the concentrations of Gallic Acid, Quercetin,Luteolin,Kaempferol,Apigenin,Resveratrol concentrations were 5,10 and 20 μmol·L-1)for 24 h,the cells were tested for dual luciferase activity.RESULTS The results show that the inhibitory ef-fect of THSG,Chrysophanol,Emodin,Rhein and Aloeemodin on CYP3A4 was inhibited by co-transfec-tion of pcDNA3.1 and pGL4.17-CYP3A4. The expression of pcDNA3.14-PXR and pGL4.17-CYP3A4 was induced by the four constituents. Besides, Emodin has a directly inducing effect. Four anthraqui-none constituentscan induce the effect of CYP3A4 by PXR, but Emodin can directly induce CYP3A4. THSG can inhibit CYP3A4,but in the presence of PXR plasmid can induce CYP3A4.For the six poten-tial liver injury constituents, results show that the plasmid pcDNA3.1 was cotransfected with pGL4.17-CYP3A4 regulation of Gallic Acid and Resveratrol on CYP3A4 inhibitory effects of Quercetin,Luteolin, Kaempferol have an induce effect; after pcDNA3.14-PXR and pGL4.17-CYP3A4 cotransfected, Quercetin, Luteolin, Kaempferol, Apigenin, Resveratrol have induced effect, three constituents'induc-tion effect had significant difference.CONCLUSION 12 kinds of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.constit-uents have inhibitory or activating effects on CYP3A4, after the participation of PXR, 9 components have induced effects on CYP3A4, and the induction effect of 6 components has significant difference. The results suggested that we should pay attention to potential drug interactions when combined with Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.,and improve safety and efficacy.

Objective To discuss methods of decoration reconstruction for finger defect in emergency and to observe the elinical effects.Methods Of the 41 cases of finger injuries of different degrees,15 were repaired with part of the skin flaps of the big toenails or skin flaps of the second toenalis,8 were repaired with part of the skin flaps of the big toenails,7 were reeonstructed with the second tiptoes,11 were repaired with the abdominal skin flaps of the big toes or lateral flaps of the second toes.Results All the 41 fingers sur- vived.One skin flap of the big toe was somewhat swelling and a decorating operation was performed.The 4～18 months of follow-up visitation of the rest cases revealed good function and shapes.No obvious functional ab- norality was found in the donating feet.Conclusion Various kinds of decoration reeonstruetion for finger defects are available to recover the hand shape and function as much as possible.