ObjectiveTo study the nurse and trentment of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea.Methods30 patients with CSF rhinorrhea who accepted surgical treatment were retrospectively analyzed.Results12 cases were traumatic CSF rhinorrhea, 17 cases were CSF rhinorrhea casused by ablation brain tumor, 1 case was pontaneous CSF rhinorrhea. First operation repaired craniosinus fistula in 23 cases, re-operation repaired in 7 cases after first operation failure. There were hydrocephalus in 1 cases, ventriculitis in 1 case, subdural effusion in 1 case.ConclusionAccurate location of the fistula and during surgical probing are important for the success of treatment, and prevention infection is very important to surgery success, and descent complication.

Ultrasonic microbubbles were used to open blood-brain barriers (BBB) with a reversed and limited behavior feature in the study, which could improve the brain-targeted delivery of anti-tumor drugs. The glioma rat model was prepared. Low-frequency ultrasound was combined with microbubbles to affect the permeability of BBB compared with the permeability of independently administered Evans blue (EB) crossing BBB. Time point and length of ultrasound were investigated whether they affect the permeability of BBB and the damage of brain tissue. The effect of the growth time of glioma on BBB permeability was explored. Only glioma had a very little impact on BBB permeability. However, ultrasonic microbubbles opened the BBB with the features of temporary, limited and reversed behavior and improved EB and magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent penetrating BBB. A length of 30 s ultrasound is appropriate for opening BBB and no damage of brain tissue. Drugs should be injected before ultrasound so that they enter into brain as BBB opening. Ultrasonic microbubbles can open BBB effectively and safely, which improve drugs penetrating BBB under proper time point and length.
Animals ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; Contrast Media ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Glioma ; drug therapy ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Microbubbles ; Permeability ; Rats ; Ultrasonics

One new neolignan identified as 2, 3-( trans) -dihydro-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) -3-[(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy) methyl]-7-methoxybenzofuran-5-propenoic acid (1) and five known steroidal glycosides namely torvoside A(2), torvoside C(3), torvoside H(4), solanolactoside A (5), (25S)-6alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-spirostan-3-one-6-0-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->3-beta3)-beta-D-D-quinovopyr-anoside] (6) were isolated from the fruits of Solanum torvum. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1D, 2D NMR and MS spectroscopic analysis.
Fruit ; chemistry ; Isomerism ; Lignans ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Solanum ; chemistry

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Pulmonary drug delivery systems (PDDS) have some advantages, including high drug accumulation in the lungs, no first pass effect, and rapid absorption of drugs. They have become a key way to treat lung diseases and improve the absorption of biomacromolecules. In this review, we analyze lung's physiological features, and discuss the main dosage forms of lung inhalations, their preparation methods, the evaluation methods, and the in vivo experimental methods. The applications of pulmonary drug delivery to lung diseases, including acute lung injury, pulmonary infection, pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer, are also discussed.

Background Corneal blindness caused by ocular surface disease is one of the main reasons for the global blinding corneal diseases.With the development and progress of tissue engineering technology,tissueengineered cornea offers a new approach to the treatment of ocular surface disease.Objective This study was to obscrve the growth and differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cclls (UC-MSCs) on thc corneal stroma of receipts and investigate the feasibility of human UC-MSCs differentiated into corneal epithelium-like cells and the reparation of injury cornea.Methods Human UC-MSCs were isolated from human umbilical cord using collagenase Ⅳ digestion and passaged in DMEM/F12 containing fetal bovine serum in vitro.The immunophenotype of cultured human UC-MSCs was evaluated by flow cytometry.The differentiated osteoblasts from the human UC-MSCs by directional induce was identified.Twenty-four New Zealand albino rabbits were randomly divided into 2 groups.The human UC-MSCs were cultured on porcine corneal matrix without corneal epithelium for 4 days and then transplanted onto the 12 left eyes of 12 New Zealand albino rabbits,and porcine corneal matrix without corneal epithelium was transplanted onto the left eyes of other 12 New Zealand albino rabbits as control group.The rabbits received keratoplasty were examined using in vivo confocal microscope through focusing(CMTF).The eyeballs were taken off after 2,4 and 8 weeks,the growth and differentiation,expression of cytokeratin 3 (CK3),CK12 and ATP-binding cassette superfamily G memben 2 (ABCG2)of human UC-MSCs were observed by histopathology and immunofluorescence staining.This use of the experimental animals complied with ARVO Statement.Results Digestive human UCMSCs formed round in shape and was large in size.The attached cells displayed long-fusiform shape like fibroblasts.The cultured human UC-MSCs phenotype was CD105+/CD29+/CD44+/CD34-/CD45-and could be induced toward osteoblast differentiation under the appropriate experimental conditions.Human UC-MSCs grew well on the porcine corneal matrix.The corneal grafts survived wcll without rejection till the experiment end in experimental eyes,but the rejection of corneal graft occurred in control eyes.Confocal microscope could observe corneal epithelium-like cells.The corneal epithelium cells showed the positive response for CK3 and CK12 and absent response for ABCG2.Conclusions Human UC-MSCs with porcine corneal matrix can survive,proliferate and differentiate into corneal epithelium-like cells after transplanting onto the corneal stroma of rabbits.This result suggests that human UC-MSCs is able to repair and reconstruct the injured corneal surfaces.

Objective To investigate the rule of the cerebral tissues aquaporin-4(AQP-4) expression in acute and chronic hepatic failure mice.To study the molecular biologic mechanism of the diffusion weighted imaging(DWI).Methods Sixty five male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups randomly,including acute(n=25),chronic hepatic failure(n=25)and control group(n=15). Thioacetamide(TAA)intraperitoneal injection produces the acute and chronic hepatic failure models.All rats in groups were examined with MR DWI.We Observed the distribution of abnormal signal on DWI.The DWI single values of top and lateral cortex of parietal lobe,peripheral region of lateral ventricle in the highest hyperintensity section of brain were measured.Blood ammonia values were examined.The pathologic and immuno-histochemistry and RT-PCR examination for brain specimen were performed.All date were analyzed with statistical methods.Results The mean values of blood ammonia were significantly different (P0.05).Conclusions Increase of the blood ammonia was the main cause for the brain energy metabolic abnormality and AQP-4 mRNA and protein expression.The hyperammonemia was the key factor in the occurrence and development of the hepatic brain edema.The abnormal findings in DWI signal could reflect the range and degree of the brain edema and AQP-4 protein expression.

OBJECTIVETo explore the quality of life and related social support among people living with HIV/AIDS with related factors.

METHODS331 people living with HIV/AIDS and 148 of their family members were selected using a typical sampling method. Questionnaires on general conditions, tables on history of infection, generic quality of life inventory-74 (GQOLI-74) and social support scale (SSS) were used.

RESULTSData from one-way analysis suggested that people living with HIV/AIDS and their family members with the different sexs, different villages and different cultural backgrounds had differences in GQOLI-74 scores (P < 0.05) while people living with HIV/AIDS with the different villages had differences in SSS scores (P < 0.05). Results from Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that being elderly and negative life events were negatively associated with social support (P < 0.05), while factors as more advanced educational background, harmonious neighborhood relationship and having bother pouring nature were the predictive factors (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONMany factors might affect dimensions of quality of life among people living with HIV/AIDS and their family members in rural areas of northern Anhui. Community care and social support of HIV/AIDS should still be greatly enhanced in the countryside of China. A community care mode based on family and neighborhood was expected to be developed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; complications ; ethnology ; psychology ; China ; Cultural Characteristics ; Family Relations ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Quality of Life ; Social Support

The aim of the manuscript was to optimize formulations and preparation technologies of cataplasm of white mustard seed varnish, and to evaluate its anti-asthma effect on rats. The single factor experiments included spreading thickness, types of crosslinking agents, dihydroxyaluminum aminoacetate amount, sodium polyacrylate amount, types of adhesive agents with human sense as the evaluation index. Blank cataplasm matrix was optimized by the orthogonal experiment with the amount of glycerine, citric acid, and sodium carboxymethylcellulose as the major influential factors. Initial adhesive force, peeling strength and human sense were as the evaluation index. The optimized formulation of blank cataplasm were as followings: glycerine-water-ethanol-PEG400-dihydroxyaluminum aminoacetate-citric acid-sodium carboxymethylcellulose-sodium carboxymethylcellulose 2 : 8 : 0.8 : 0.4 : 0.07: 0.15 : 0.1 : 0.5. The active ingredients of white mustard seed, corydalis, and gansui root were extracted by alcohol extraction method. Asiasarum volatile oil was extracted by oil extractor. The optimized drug loading amount was 11% with initial adhesive force, peeling strength and human sense as the evaluation index. Asthma rats model were established by sensitized with ovalbumin and nose-scratching time as the evaluation index. High dose (17%) group of drug-loaded cataplasm had the obvious inhibition effect on nose-scratching time of rats (P = 0.037 < 0.05). In comparison, middle dose (11%), low dose (4%) and positive-control groups had no obvious inhibitive effect on rats. White mustard seed cataplasm supplied a novel choice for anti-asthma therapy. And the overall pharmacodynamics assessment will be carried out on molecular level in near future.
Animals ; Anti-Asthmatic Agents ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Asthma ; drug therapy ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mustard Plant ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Seeds ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes of vascularized fibular bone height after transplantation for mandibular reconstruction.

METHODSThirty-two patients with mandibular defects were reconstructed with vascularized fibular bone. Postoperative follow-up pantomography was used to evaluate the changes of bone height.

RESULTSAt different distance from the vessel pedicles, the changes of bone height showed no significant difference. The height of fibular bone decreased gradually with time and reduced by 6.64% at 1 year postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONSMultiple segmental osteotomies had no effect on blood flow and the different pieces of graft after modeling by osteotomy experienced the similar reconstruction. The volume of grafted fibular bone almost remained stable.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone Remodeling ; Bone Transplantation ; Child ; Female ; Fibula ; anatomy & histology ; blood supply ; transplantation ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Mandible ; pathology ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; Young Adult