Partial immunoactivities of peptidoglycan(PG)isolated from lactic acid bacteria were investigated.PG isolated from strain Z8 and Z17 of lactic acid bacteria respectively,had similar immunoactivities.The phagocytic function of M?(macrophage)increased markedly and serum lysozyme activity was significantly enhanced by injection of PG-extracts on mice.Investigation of immuno-enhancing effects of PG on vaccine of Newcastle disease in chickens showed that the hemagglutination inhibition levels of PG were higher than that of the control and the level was maintained for a longer time as compared to the control.

Adult ; Aluminum Silicates ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; statistics & numerical data ; Quartz ; adverse effects ; analysis ; Silicosis ; epidemiology ; mortality

Objective To explore the role of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1) during renal senescence by using human TIMP-1 transgenic mice.Methods Renal histological changes of wild type mice and transgenic mice at the age of 3,12,24 months were observed by periodic acid-schiff(PAS)staining of paraffin sections.The numbers of F4/80 positive cells were detected by immunofluoreseence.The protein expressions of TIMP-1,TIMP-2,matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-9,MMP-2,intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1),transforming growth factor?1(TGF-?1),collagenⅢand collagenⅣwere detected by Western blot.The activities of gelatinases and TIMP-1 were examined by gelatin zymography and reverse zymography respectively.Results Focal renal fibrosis was found in two genotypes with aging.At the age of 24 months,compared with wild type,in kidneys of transgenic type,the expressions and activities of gelatinases were dowregulated (MMP-2:2.08?0.20 vs.3.39?0.43;MMP-9:4.02?0.82 vs.6.72?1.40,all P＜0.05);the expressions of collagenⅢ,collagenⅣ,ICAM-1,and TGF-?1 were upragulated(0.72+0.11 vs.0.57?0.09;0.84?0.13 vs.0.6?0.11,0.72?0.12 vs.0.53?0.07; 0.69?0.12 vs.0.45?0.09,all P＜0.05),and the numbers of F4/80 positive cells were increased (18.8?4.4 vs.12.7?3.6,P＜0.05)with the upregulated expression and activity of TIMP-1(1.10?0.18 vs.0.62?0.09;50.75?7.25 vs.20.64?3.50,P＜0.05).Conclusions TIMP-1 could promote age-related renal fibrosis through enhancing inflammation reaction by ICAM-1 upregulation.

Objective To explore clinical effect of double-tube continuous negative pressure drainage in the treatment of Morel-Lavallée leision.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 13 patients with Morel-Lavallée leision,which were diagnosed and treated in our hospital from May 2009 to July 2010.They were 11 women and 2 men,aged from 19 to 57 years (average,32.5 years).All patients underwent operations within 3 days after injury,except for 2 patients whose diagnosis was postponed.The operation was performed with small incision and double-tubes were placed for continuous negative pressure drainage.Double-tubes were not removed until effusion was less than 30 ml/24 hours.The heal was defined as no skin necrosis and subcutaneous hydrops at lesion site,no skin floating and sliding at palpation.Results Double-tubes were removed 4 to 12 days postoperatively (average,6.3 day).All of 13 patients were followed up for an average of 13.7 months (range,10 to 18 months).Skin necrosis occurred in 1 patient.Lesions were healed 4 to 10 weeks postoperatively(average,7.2 weeks).No deep infection or delayed hematogenous infection was found.There were no general systematic complications.Superficial infection at wound site occurred in one patient and healed after wound management.Conclusion Application of double-tube continuous negative pressure drainage is a safe,less invasive,low-cost and effective treatment for Morel-Lavallée leision.

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) has emerged as a promising anticancer drug target due to its key role in the DNA repair process. It can polymerize ADP-ribose units on its substrate proteins which are involved in the regulation of DNA repair. In this work, a novel series of para-substituted 1-benzyl-quinazoline-2, 4 (1H, 3H)-diones was designed and synthesized, and the inhibitory activities against PARP-1 of compounds 7a-7e, 8a-8f, 9a-9c and 10a-10c were evaluated. Of all the tested compounds, nine compounds displayed inhibitory activities with IC50 values ranging from 4.6 to 39.2 micromol x L(-1). In order to predict the binding modes of the potent molecules, molecular docking was performed using CDOCKER algorithm, and that will facilitate to further develop more potent PARP-1 inhibitors with a quinazolinedione scaffold.
Antineoplastic Agents ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Drug Design ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Molecular Structure ; Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases ; Quinazolinones ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Structure-Activity Relationship

Objective To analyze the safety and effectiveness of photoselective green-light laser vaporization of the prostate(PVP)in treatment of large prostate with volume more than 80 ml. Methods Retrospective analysis was performed in 25 benign prostatic hypertrophy patients undergoing the PVP treatment,whose prostate volume was more than 80 ml.Results Twenty-five patients with prostate mean volume of 151.8(84.0-270.0)ml were treated by PVP and 23 cases were finished successfully.One operation was suspended because of bleeding and the other because of damaging orifice.No blood transfusion was needed and no“transurethral resection(TUR)syndrome”happened.Five cases had acute retention and 2 of them needed second PVP.In a mean of 7.9(3.0- 12.0)months follow-up,maximal urinary flow rate(Qmax),international prostate symptom score (IPSS),quality of life score(QOL),and prostate-specific antigen(PSA)level were improved significantly.The volume of prostate reduced after PVP than before PVP but no significant difference was found.Conclusions PVP is feasible in treating large prostate even the volume is more than 80 ml,although it needs better skill.Catheterization for some time is helpful in reducing the incidence of early postoperative acute urinary retention.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the factors which may affect the rate of HBeAg seroconversion and its durability after long-term lamivudine therapy in chronic hepatitis B patients.

METHODS81 patients were treated in a phase III clinical trial with lamivudine 100 mg daily for up to 5 years. The mean period of treatment was (48.84+/-10.52) months (range: 16 approximately 60 months). When HBeAg seroconversion occurred in the patients, which was defined as loss of HBeAg and detection of anti-HBe antibody, HBV DNA level less than 10 mEq/ml more than two times (once every 3 months), the lamivudine treatment was stopped and they were followed-up for another 6 approximately 12 months. The HBV DNA level was detected using Branched DNA assay (Chiron). The HBV markers were detected using IMX assay (Abbott). HBV genotyping was performed using type-specific PCR. The data were analyzed using logistic multivariant analysis.

RESULTS(1) The distribution of HBV genotypes was as follows: type B, 17 (20.97%), type C, 62 (76.54%), and type B+C, 2 (2.47%). (2) 26 patients achieved HBeAg seroconversion (32.10%). The annual seroconversion rates were 16.05% (13/81) in the 1st year, 19.75% (16/81) in the 2nd, 27.16 % (22/81) in the 3rd, 28.40% (23/81) in the 4th and 32.10% (26/81) in the 5th year. Four patients had a reappearance of HBeAg and an elevation of HBV DNA. Therefore the stability ratio was 84.62% (22/26). The mean baseline ALT and HBV DNA levels in those who were seroconvered were (104.8+/-86.3) U/L and (940.1+/-1123.7) mEq/ml, respectively. Mean baseline ALT and HBV DNA of non-seroconverters were (48.3+/-46.9) U/L and (2152.3+/-3063.5) mEq/ml. There was a significant difference between the two groups shown by Kruskal-Wallis Test (P < 0.05). Analysis by logistic multivariate analysis showed that the rate of HBeAg seroconversion and its durability rate correlated with a high baseline ALT. In contrast, a relatively low seroconversion rate and durability rate was observed in patients with high baseline HBV DNA. The durability rate also correlated with additional lamivudine treatment after HBeAg seroconversion.

CONCLUSIONContinuation of lamivudine therapy for more than 6 months after HBeAg seroconversion might increase the durability of response.

Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; immunology ; virology ; Humans ; Lamivudine ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Treatment Outcome ; Virus Replication ; drug effects

Objective: To investigate the alterations of bcl-2 gene family in the rat brain and the molecular mechanism of neuronal apoptosis follow ing traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to lateral fluid percussion brain injury(FPBI) of moderate severity. bax and bcl-xL mRNA and protein expression was detected by RT-PCR an d immunohistochemistry. In addition to morphological evidence of apoptosis, TUNE L histochemistry was used to identify DNA fragmentation in situ under both l ight and electron microscope, whereas characteristic internucleosomal DN A fragm entation of apoptosis was demonstrated by DNA gel electrophoresis. Resul ts: bcl-xL mRNA and protein decreased in the ipsilateral hemisphere t o the impact site as early as 6 h post-injury［(67.42±7.54)% and (85.85±5.72)% r espectively］. The decrease in bcl-xL mRNA and protein preceded apoptosis was observed 12 h post-injury. And this was the main cause of up-regulation of the ratio of bax to bcl-xL in the acute period(minutes-hours) followin g FPBI. bax mRNA and protein were observed to rise slowly, doubled 3 d post- injury, returned to sham level slowly. The delayed cell death (days-weeks) migh t associated with the up-regulation of pro-apoptotic gene bax. Conclusio n: The expression of bcl-xL and bax coincide with apoptosis following TBI. The reg ulation of bax and bcl-xL by TBI occur before transcription. The balance of bax/bcl-xL ratio determines the neurocytes to survive or die following FPBI.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the efficiency and safety of transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy for the treatment of adrenal tumors and to describe surgical technique and management of intraoperative complications.

METHODSFrom February 2002 to April 2008, 24 male and 44 female consecutive patients with average age (53.4 +/- 12.1) years old were treated with transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy because of adrenal tumors. Of the patients, 27 cases had right adrenal tumors, 39 cases had left adrenal tumors and 2 cases had bilateral adrenal tumors. The average tumor size was (2.9 +/- 2.0) cm with the maximal diameter of 10 cm. We evaluated this technique in respect of operating time, estimated blood loss, complications during surgery, postoperative complications, duration of hospital stay and pathological results.

RESULTSAll the surgeries had been completed successfully without conversion to open surgery. The average operating time was (157.7 +/- 51.5) min, the average estimated blood loss was (68.1 +/- 54.2) ml. No major complication happened during operation. The average drainage time was (2.6 +/- 1.5) days. The average post-operative hospital stay was (8.7 +/- 4.3) days. Four cases (6.0%) developed surgical field liquefaction and 2 cases (2.9%) experienced delayed closure of the drainage wound.

CONCLUSIONSTransperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy is feasible and safe in the treatment of adrenal tumor with low risk of intra-operative and post-operative complication.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms ; surgery ; Adrenalectomy ; methods ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the efficacy of repeat transurethral resection of tumor in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.

METHODSFrom March 2004 to August 2008, 462 patients (350 males, 112 females, aged from 35 to 83 years old) with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, were evaluated according to tumor stage, grade and muscle or no muscle tissue in initial transurethral resected sample. One hundred and twenty-five patients underwent repeat transurethral resection of bladder tumor within 4 to 6 weeks after initial resection. Of these 125 patients 49 were Ta, 76 were T1, 58 were low grade carcinoma, 67 were high grade carcinoma and 30 were not found presence of muscle tissue in initial resected sample in patients with T1 stage.

RESULTSOf the 125 cases, 34.4% (43/125) had residual tumor and 65.6% (82/125) had no tumor on repeat transurethral resection. Of 43 cases with residual tumor 35 had non-muscle invasive tumor including 15 in Ta and 20 in T1. The patients with high grade carcinoma had more residual tumor than those with low grade carcinoma (P < 0.05). The patients with muscle tissue in initial transurethral resected sample had fewer residual tumor than those without (P < 0.05). Twelve cases (9.6%) were understated at initial resection. Six cases (4.8%) had bladder perforation and 7 (5.6%) had bleeding during repeat transurethral resection. All cases were followed up for 3 to 56 months (median 26 months), 37.2% (16/43) patients with residual tumor in repeat transurethral resection had recurrence while only 12.2% (10/82) without residual tumor in repeat transurethral resection did (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSRoutine repeat transurethral resection is advised to non-muscle invasive bladder cancer patients with T1 tumor or high grade carcinoma or no muscle tissue in initial transurethral resected sample within 4 to 6 weeks after initial resection. Repeat transurethral resection could increases the stage accuracy.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Electrosurgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reoperation ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; surgery ; Urologic Surgical Procedures ; statistics & numerical data