Objective　To compare the Immunoreactivity of various HEV Antigen with Anti-HEV IgM. Methods Solid-phase enzyme immunoassay( EIA ) was developed for detecting anti-HEV IgM by using synthetic peptides E30, E42, E33, and recombinant antigen from HEV ORF-2. Results Of 60 anti-HEV positive sera by using E30, E42, E33 and recombinant antigen as coating antigen, Anti-HEV IgM positive rates were 76.7%, 26.6%, 18.3% and 66.7% respectively. In Acute-phase and convalescence-phase sera of the patients with Hepatitis E, Anti-HEV IgM positive rate was 90% and 3.3% respectively. Conclusions The HEV E30-based EIA will be very useful in the early diagnosis of Hepatitis E.

The excess fatty tissues on the head, neck, thorax, and abdomen of morbid obese patients can impede the patency of the upper airway and impair lung functions. Meanwhile, these patients often have comorbidities such as obstructive sleep apnea, hypoventilation syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma, which may result in difficult airway, intraoperative hypoventilation, and postoperative respiratory depression. Therefore, perioperative airway management for morbid obese patients may pose a big challenge to anesthesiologists. Anesthesiologists should know well about the pathophysiological features of respiratory system and grasp rational management principles, so as to improve the safety and effectiveness of perioperative airway management and optimize the clinical prognosis.
Airway Management ; Anesthesia ; methods ; Humans ; Obesity ; surgery ; Perioperative Care

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression changes of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) in neuropathic pain.

METHODSEighty-four adult male Sprague Dawley rats weighing 180-220 g were randomly divided into 7 groups (n = 12) : control group; S3, S7, and S14 groups: rats received the sham operation, the mechanical pain threshold was measured, and then the rats were decapitated and the ipsilateral lumbar spinal cord dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) samples were obtained on the 3rd, 7th, 14th postoperative day, respectively; C3, C7, and C14 groups: the chronic sciatic nerve constriction (CCI) model was established, the mechanical pain threshold was measured and the samples were obtained on the 3rd, 7th, 14th postoperative day, respectively. The expression level of mGluR5 mRNA and protein in the spinal cord and DRG were measured using the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blot.

RESULTSIn the CCI group, the mechanical pain threshold in each observation day was significantly lower than in the sham operation group (P < 0.05). In the spinal cord, the expressions of mGluR5 mRNA and protein were significantly elevated in the C3 group than in the S3 and the control group (P < 0.05). On the 7th and the 14th postoperative day, no significant difference was found in the expression of mGluR5 mRNA and protein between CCI groups and the sham operation groups or the control group. No change was detected in DRG mRNA or protein.

CONCLUSIONmGluR5 is differentially expressed in spinal cord in response to neuropathic pain, which suggests that mGluR5 may be involved in the mechanism of neuropathic pain.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Ganglia, Spinal ; metabolism ; Male ; Neuralgia ; metabolism ; Pain Threshold ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5 ; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate ; genetics ; metabolism ; Sciatic Neuropathy ; metabolism ; Spinal Cord ; metabolism

BACKGROUNDThe relationship between monosymptomatic resting tremor (mRT) and Parkinson's disease (PD) remains controversial. In this study, we aimed to assess the function of presynaptic dopaminergic neurons in patients with mRT by dopamine transporter positron emission tomography (DAT-PET) and to evaluate the utility of clinical features or electrophysiological studies in differential diagnosis.

METHODSThirty-three consecutive patients with mRT were enrolled prospectively. The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale and electromyography were tested before DAT-PET. Striatal asymmetry index (SAI) was calculated, and a normal DAT-PET was defined as a SAI of <15%. Scans without evidence of dopaminergic deficits (SWEDDs) were diagnosed in patients with a subsequent normal DAT-PET and structural magnetic resonance imaging.

RESULTSTwenty-eight mRT patients with a significant reduction in uptake of DAT binding in the striatum were diagnosed with PD, while the remained 5 with a normal DAT-PET scan were SWEDDs. As for UPRDS, the dressing and hygiene score, walking in motor experiences of daily living (Part II) and motor examination (Part III) were significant different between two groups (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). Bilateral tremor was more frequent in the SWEDDs group (P < 0.05). The frequency of resting tremor and the amplitude of postural tremor tend to be higher in the SWEDDs group (P = 0.08 and P = 0.05, respectively).

CONCLUSIONSmRT is heterogeneous in presynaptic nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration, which can be determined by DAT-PET brain imaging. Clinical and electrophysiological features may provide clues to distinguish PD from SWEDDs.

Adult ; Aged ; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parkinson Disease ; diagnosis ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; methods ; Prospective Studies ; Tremor ; diagnosis

OBJECTIVETo establish an animal model of tumor-associated depression and observe their biological behaviors and biochemical indices.

METHODSFour groups of SD rats kept in separate cages were subjected to tumor cell inoculation with or without chronic unpredictable moderate stress administered before or after the inoculation. The depressive behaviors of the rats were examined by open-field test, and the concentration of 5-HT in the hippocampus was measured by spectrophotofluorometry. The body weight of the rats and volume of the implanted tumor were monitored and sugar water test was performed.

RESULTSThe rats subjected to chronic stress displayed significant depression, manifested by reduction in movement in the central area and total movement distance with prolonged resting time and shortened time of activity. These rats maintained high levels of depression even 12 days after withdrawal of chronic stress. Compared with the control group, the depressive rats showed obviously reduced sugar water consumption and hippocampal 5-HT level. Tumors of different sizes were observed in all rats in the 4 groups.

CONCLUSIONA rat model of tumor-associated depression is established, and the tumor-bearing rats exhibit obvious depressive behaviors and reduced level of neural substance (5-HT), which provides a good basis for studying the association of depression with tumorigenesis,progression and prognosis of tumor.

Animals ; Carcinoma 256, Walker ; complications ; psychology ; Depressive Disorder ; etiology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stress, Psychological ; complications

OBJECTIVETo compare the differences of the gene expressions in androgen-independent and androgen-dependent prostate cancer (ADPC), gain a deeper insight into the molecular mechanism of androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC), and find effective means for its clinical diagnosis and treatment.

METHODSEats of genes highly-associated with prostate cancer were obtained by mining PubMed with the FACTA tool, and the specifically expressed genes in AIPC were analyzed with a set of bioinformatic tools including GATHER, PANTHER, STRING and ToppGene.

RESULTSA total of 128 genes specifically expressed in AIPC were identified, as compared with 23 that were specific to ADPC. Bioinformatic analysis showed the essential roles of AIPC-specific genes in such important biological processes as cell signal transduction, cell adhesion, apoptosis, oncogenesis, cell proliferation and cell differentiation.

CONCLUSIONSuch genes as MMPJ, EGFR, MMP2, ADM, MIF, IGFBP3, 112, MET, BAD, RHOA, SPP1, EP300, SMAD3, RAE1, PTK2, and TGFB2 may play important roles in transforming ADPC into AIPC.

Androgen Antagonists ; Androgens ; metabolism ; Computational Biology ; Data Mining ; Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; Genes, Neoplasm ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting human vascular endothelial growth factor (hVEGF) on A549 cell growth in nude mice and angiogenesis on chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay.

METHODSThree pairs of hVEGF siRNA-plasmid and non-silencing-plasmid were constructed, and transfected into A549 cells through lipofectamine 2000, respectively. The most effective pair of hVEGF siRNA-plasmid was selected by ELISA and real-time RT-PCR. A549 cells transfected with selected hVEGF siRNA- plasmid, A549 cells transfected with non-silencing-plasmid and A549 cells without transfection were inoculated into nude mice, respectively. Chick embryos were randomly divided into four groups and CAM was treated by different solutions for 48 h: culture media DMEM as negative control group,un-transfected A549 cell culture supernatants as positive control group, hVEGF siRNA A549 cell culture supernatants as hVEGF siRNA group and nonsilencing siRNA A549 cell culture supernatants as non-silencing siRNA group. The CAMs were harvested on d12 for microscopic assays.

RESULTCompared with control group, hVEGF siRNA-plasmid induced 48% reduction in hVEGF secretion by A549 cells accompanied by 70% reduction in hVEGF mRNA. Compared with non-silencing siRNA group, the mean tumor volume of murine xenograft was reduced by 58% in hVEGF siRNA group; time for xenografts growing to 50 mm(3)was delayed by 5.4 d. hVEGF contents in xenograft were reduced by 54%; but mean doubling time of tumors and the growth rate of tumors were not significantly reduced. In CAM assays, hVEGF content was zero in negative group, and in hVEGF siRNA group that was 40%-44% of non-silencing siRNA group or positive group; vessels branch points of CAM in hVEGF siRNA group or non-silencing siRNA group or positive group were increased by 45%-55% compared with negative group; total vessel length of CAM in hVEGF siRNA group was increased by 53% compared with negative group, while in non-silencing siRNA group or positive group that was increased by 97% or 99%. Compared with negative control group, the proliferation of microvessels was increased when cell culture supernatant with hVEGF was added in hVEGF siRNA group, significant proliferated vessels were observed in non-silencing siRNA group or positive group.

CONCLUSIONA plasmid-mediated hVEGF siRNA has been constructed and verified, which can effectively downregulate the expression of hVEGF in human A549 cells, resulting in the inhibition of angiogenesis. hVEGF siRNA can delay initial growth of A549 tumor xenograft but not reduce the growth rate.

Adenocarcinoma ; pathology ; Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Chick Embryo ; Chorioallantoic Membrane ; blood supply ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics

Dioscin has a wide range of biological effects and broad application prospects. However the studies concerning the toxicology and mechanism of dioscin is small. This article is to study the hepatotoxicity of dioscin and the effect of dioscin treatment on expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) mRNA and CYP1A mRNA and protein in HepG2 cells in vitro. Dioscin 0.5-32 µmol · L(-1) exposed to HepG2 cells for 12 h, cell viability was examined by CCK-8 assay and the release rate of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was to evaluate cell membrane damage. HepG2 cells morphologic changes were quantified by inverted Microscope, and the effect on production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression of CYP1A and AhR was evaluated by RT-RCR. The protein expression of CYP1A1 was detected by western blot. The cell viability was significantly inhibited after HepG2 cells were exposed to dioscin 0.5-32 µmol · L(-1). Compared with the control, the LDH release rate and ROS were significantly increased. The expression of CYPlA and AhR mRNA was increased. The expression of CYP1Al protein was increased after dioscin treatment, and resveratrol, an AhR antagonist, could downregulate the expression of CYP1A1. It follows that large doses dioscin has potential hepatotoxicity. The possible mechanism may be dioscin can active aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and induce the expression of CYP1A.
Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; etiology ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 ; genetics ; Diosgenin ; analogs & derivatives ; toxicity ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; secretion ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate effect of AP-1 and Ets binding site adjacent to matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) promoter on activation of MMP-9 transcription of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells transfected with EBV-encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), and to ascertain if cross-talk between c-Jun and Ets1 is involved in LMP1-regulating expression of MMP-9.

METHODSSite-directed mutagenesis technique was used to establish a series of mutants, including MMP-9-CAT-Ets(-540)mt, MMP-9-CAT-AP-1(-533)mt and MMP-9-CAT-AP-1(-533)/Ets(-540)mt. After the mutants were transfected into LMP1-expressing NPC HNE2 cells regulated by Tet-on system (pTet-on-LMP1 HNE2), CAT activity of these mutants were assayed with induction of LMP1. With blockade of c-Jun or Ets1 antisense oligonucleotides, the activity of MMP-9 induced by LMP1 was assayed with gelatin zymography.

RESULTSThe CAT activity of MMP-9-Ets(-540)mt-CAT, MMP-9-AP-1(-533)mt-CAT, MMP-9-AP-1(-533)/Ets(-540) mt-CAT decreased significantly compared to MMP-9-CAT wt. After blockade with c-Jun or Ets1 antisense oligonucleotides, activity of MMP-9 induced by LMP1 decreased significantly, especially with combined blockade of c-Jun and Ets1.

CONCLUSIONThe results suggest that transcription factor AP-1 and Ets play an crucial role in activation of MMP-9 transcription induced by LMP1, and cross-talk between c-Jun/Ets1 is involved in expression of MMP-9 mediated by LMP1.

Herpesvirus 4, Human ; genetics ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; virology ; Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-1 ; genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun ; genetics ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Viral Matrix Proteins ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo introduce the WHO 2000 diagnostic criteria of biopsy of colorectal intraepithelial neoplasia and carcinoma and to enhance diagnostic accuracy and avoid overdiagnosis and underdiagnosis.

METHODThe postoperative pathological examination and preoperative biopsy in 56 patients diagnosed as colorectal intraepithelial neoplasia and carcinoma before operation from January 2001 to October 2005 were compared retrospectively.

RESULTSAmong the 56 cases, 16 patients were diagnosed by preoperative biopsy as carcinoma in situ, intramucosal carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, but according to the new standard, of them 14 cases should be revised to be higher grade colorectal intraepithelial neoplasia.

CONCLUSIONSStrictly adhere to the new WHO criteria, colorectal intraepithelial neoplasia and carcinoma can be diagnosed properly, but for the cases that submucosal muscular layer would not presented in biopsy, the diagnosis should be made by combining clinical findings and various examination results so as to avoid underdiagnosis and delay of treatment.

Adult ; Aged ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Carcinoma in Situ ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Colon ; pathology ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Preoperative Care ; Rectum ; pathology ; Retrospective Studies