Objective To explore the features of gallbladder adenomyoma in sonogram, and improve the abilities of diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Method Sonograms of 8 patients with proven gallbladder adenomyoma were retrospectively analyzed and correlated with pathologic findings. Results Eight patients had sonographic evidence of localized intramural nodular,which were round-like and hypoechoic,with anechoic space and tiny bright echos, confined almost exclusively to the fundus of gallbladder. Five patients were also evident with associated gallstones and chronic cholecytitis. Conclusion Sonograms of gallbladder adenomyoma have marked features, which can be differentially diagnosed from other projective lesions of gallbladder.

Objective To study the diagnostic value of color Doppler ultrasonography in hematoma of soft tissues, and compare the images of different period of hematoma. Method Analyzed and compared the size,shape and sonographic characteristic of 46 cases with hematoma. Results The images of hematoma were round or oval in shape, more than 2.0 cm in trans-diameter, and were isoechoic or hypocchoic in the early stage, then anoechoic areas increased with hyperechoic septum and irregular hypoechoic, with posterior enhancement and hyperechoic boundary. A part of muscle fibres raptured and were occupied by the hematoma if the muscle tore. Conclusion Color Doppler ultrasonography can be the first choice and reliable imaging method to diagnose hematoma of soft tissues.

Most of the soil microorganisms are unculturable,which limits the exploitation and application of microbial resources.Metagenomics has great potential in the research of unculturable microorganisms in soil.Progress on the research of metagenomic DNA purification,metagenomic library construction and screening of soil microorganisms are reviewed briefly.

The roles of chemokine and chemokine receptor family in immune diseases are drawing increasing attention, as they are very important in maintaining cell survival, inducing gene expression, directly guiding cell migration and regulating immunity. The paper reviews the expression and possible roles of chemokine receptor CXCR3 and its ligands in immune diseases, as well as the latest therapies targeting them.

Background The palate is differently regulated and developed along the anterior-posterior axis. The Bmp signal pathway plays a crucial role in palatogenesis. Conditioned-inactivation of Bmp type I receptor Alk2 or Alk3 in the neural crest or craniofacial region leads to palatal cleft in mice. However, how different Bmp members are involved in palatogenesis remains to be elucidated. In the present study, mRNA expression patterns of Bmp2, Bmp3 and Bmp4 in the developing anterior and posterior palates were examined and compared, focusing on the fusion stage. Methods To detect the expression of Bmp mRNA, antisense riboprobes were synthesized by in vitro transcription. Radioactive in situ hybridization was performed on sagital and coronal sections of mice head from E13 to E18. Results The expression of these Bmps were developmentally regulated in the anterior and posterior palates prior to, during and after palatal fusion. During palatal fusion, Bmp4 expression shifted from the anterior to the posterior palate, Bmp2 was highly expressed in both the anterior and posterior palates in this process, whereas Bmp3 was only localized in the posterior palate. They showed generally non-overlapping pattern in their expression domains. Thereafter, their expression was detected in both the anterior and posterior palates regulating osteogenesis and myogenesis respectively. Conclusions Bmp signalling is involved in palatogenesis in multiple stages and has multiple roles in regulating anterior and posterior palatal development. Disturbances of Bmp signalling during palatogenesis might be a possible mechanism of cleft palate.

A total of 62 cases with autogenous arteriovenous fistulas were examined bv color Doppler ultrasonography.Venous thrombotic manifestations (n =13) and large local hematoma (n =3) were detected.The diameter ranges were around (1.8 ± 0.7) cm for arteriovenous fistula and (2.0 ± 0.8) cm for local hematoma.And there was no statistical significance (t =1.63,P ＞ 0.05).According to edge shape,presence or absence of flow signal and fistula searching,it could be used to identify venous thrombosis and local hematoma of arteriovenous fistula.Color Doppler ultrasound is helpful for the differential diagnosis and the mass properties of arteriovenous fistula so that it provides useful diagnostic information for the clinicians.

Cell Physiological Phenomena ; Electromagnetic Fields

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis is the integration of both assisted reproductive technologiesand molecular genetic technologies.Since the birth of the first healthy females after PGD in 1990,re-markable advances have been achieved in this field.Most research in PGD is focused on new methods toimprove the sensitivity and accuracy of single cell analysis.The principal problems in single cell PCR in-clude amplification failure,ADO and contamination.Fluorescent PCR with multiplex amplifications ofhighly polymorphic markers is a highly effective strategy to avoid contamination and detect ADO.The ad-vantages and disadvantages of fluorescence in situ hybridization to detect age-related aneuploidy are stillunder debate.We summarize the most recent developments in this review,and also introduce our own ex-periences in PGD.

Cell cycle-related kinase (CCRK) as a novel CDK-activating kinase plays a significant role in cell cycle regulation.Related studies confirm that CCRK is overexpressed in various tumors,and is associated with poor prognosis of the patients,which indicates that CCRK takes part in the generation and development of the tumor.

[Summary] Limb numbness is a common symptom of diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN),which is similar to lumbar vertebra disease and spinal cord tumor compression syndrome. Diabetes mellitus (DM) combined with lumbar spondylosis and spinal cord tumor compression is rarely occurred and is difficult to distinguish from DPN . Here we reported a case of DM combined with spinal neurilemoma that was misdiagnosed as DPN for half a year.