A new phenethanol, (2'R)-4-(2', 3'-dihydroxy-3'-methyl-butanoxy)-phenethanol (1), along with other eleven known benzene derivatives (2-12) were isolated from the roots, stems and leaves of Clausena excavata (Rutaceae). Compounds 3 and 4 are new natural products, and compounds 5-8, 10-12 were isolated from C. excavata for the first time. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses including HSQC, COSY and HMBC experiments. 1 was tested for its cytotoxicities against A549, HeLa and BGC-823 cancer cell lines, and antimicrobial activities against Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed that 1 did not exhibit cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities.
Benzene Derivatives ; chemistry ; Candida albicans ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Clausena ; chemistry ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Staphylococcus aureus ; drug effects

Objective To understand the relationship between childhood non-intentional injury and socio-economic status (SES) in Jiangxi province. Methods Nearly 100 000 households were selected by PPS sampling method, in Jiangxi province. All children aged 0-17 years in selected households were surveyed using an 'injury questionnaire'. SES was calculated under the World Bank method. Results 98 335 children were surveyed and the identified number of non- intentional injury cases was 5429 and with 52 fatal cases. The morbidity was 5.52% and mortality was 52.88/100 000. The mortality of children with higher SES was lower than that of other groups but without statistical significance. The morbidity of moderate injury increased with the increasing SES, also without statistical significance. However, the morbidity of severe injury in male children decreased with the increasing SES. Rates of moderate injury morbidities of fall and road traffic injury also increased with the increasing SES. Moderate injury morbidity caused by animals decreased with the increasing SES. Severe injury morbidity of fall decreased with the increasing SES. Conclusion The morbidity of injury in children was affected by the SES and the relationship between injury and SES varied along with the results of different types of injuries.

Objective To evaluate intervention in combination with choledochoscopic in treatment of biliary obstruction after orthotopic liver transplantation.Methods A retrospective review was performed in the 36 patiants with biliary strictures and bilary cast after the liver tiamsplantalion.All the patients received changing catheters,T-tube sinus tract dilation,choledochoscopic treatment,keeping catheters drainage and supporting.Result 26 patiants got satisfactory results and 8 controlled.The left 3 patients underwent retransplantation.Conclusion Intervention in combination with choledochoscopic treatment is effective to deal with biliary obstruction after liver transplantation.

Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are widespread in the environment. SRB are obligate anaerobes and capable of dissimilatory reduction of sulfate. SRB have application prospects in the control of environmental pollution due to that many pollutants can be removed by SRB. The biological characteristics and metabolic mechanisms of SRB are introduced, and the application of SRB in the treatment of environmental pollution is described in this paper. The research progress of Cr(Ⅵ ) reduction and Cr(Ⅵ ) removal from wastewater by SRB is reviewed, and future direction of research on the control of Cr(Ⅵ ) pollution by SRB is also analysed.

OBJECTIVETo make the emergency response to the diseases control and prevention with flooding more scientific ally-based and efficient.

METHODSHubei and Jiangxi province were chosen as the study fields and to establish a data management system of emergency response on flooding using remote sensing (RS) and geographical information system (GIS).

RESULTSSpatial and basic data together with data on flooding were linked to the code of location, and established on the platform of GIS. Through this system, information on flooding was able to be more rapidly and visually analysed.

CONCLUSIONUsing this system, the extent of flooding and the possible epidemic of some communicable diseases during flooding could be ascertained and predicted scientifically and the resource and capacity of emergency response to the disease control and prevention in flooding areas could also be evaluated.

China ; Databases, Factual ; Disaster Planning ; organization & administration ; Disasters ; Environmental Monitoring ; Female ; Geographic Information Systems ; organization & administration ; Humans ; Male ; Management Information Systems

OBJECTIVETo establish a comprehensive assessment model on the ability of emergency response within the public health system in flooding-prone areas.

METHODSA hierarchy process theory was used to establish the initial assessing framework. Delphi method was used to screen and choose the ultimate indicators and their weights before an assessment model was set up under the 'synthetic scored method' to assess the ability of the emergency response among twenty county public health units. We then used the 'analysis of variation (ANOVA)' methodology to test the feasibility of distinguishing the ability of emergency response among different county health units and correlation analysis was used to assess the independence of indicators in the assessing model.

RESULTSA comprehensive model was then established including twenty first-class indicators and fifty-six second-class indicators and the degree of ability to emergency response with flooding of public health units was evaluated. There were five public health units having higher, ten having moderate but five with lower levels on emergency response. The assessment model was proved to be a good method in differentiating the ability of public health units, using independent indicators.

CONCLUSIONThe assessment model which we established seemed to be practical and reliable.

Analysis of Variance ; China ; Delphi Technique ; Disaster Planning ; organization & administration ; Emergency Medical Services ; organization & administration ; Feasibility Studies ; Floods ; Geography ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Public Health Administration ; Reproducibility of Results

Objective：The aim of this study was to determine the expression of p21waf1, c erbB 2, and p53 in node negative breast cancer in relation to the clinicopathological parameters and prognosis. Methods： Expression of p21waf1, c erbB 2 and p53 in 121 patients were determined by LSAB immunohistochemical method, and Kaplan Meier method and Cox proportional hazard model were used to analyze the relationship of their expressions with prognosis. Results： (1) The expression rate of p21waf1 was 48.8％ , and was in connection with histological grade and ER positive. (2) The expression rate of p53 and c erbB 2 was 36.4％ and 26.4％ respectively. C erbB 2 positive expression was associated with histological grade. (3) the expression of p21waf1 was inversely correlated with that of p53 protein (P< 0.05). (4) the results of survival analysis with Kaplan Meier method showed that better disease free survival(DFS) in the patients with p21waf1 expression than those without, the negative c erbB 2 expression exhibited a significantly better prognosis than positive c erbB 2 expression (P< 0.01). Conclusions： There was a significant correlation between the expression of p21waf1, c erbB 2,and tumor grade; a p53 indenpent pathway can mainly induce the expression of p21waf1; p21waf1 expression was a good prognostic marker for the patients with node negative breast cancer; c erbB 2 positive expression was an independent prognostic marker.

OBJECTIVETo establish 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) images and seek differentially expressed serum proteins for understanding the pathogenesis of silicosis.

METHODS2-DE and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS/MS) were used to screen differentially expressed serum proteins among silica-exposed population, suspect of silicosis (0+), phase one (I) group with silicosis and control group(non silica exposure).

RESULTSComplement C4, leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein and alpha-1-antitrypsin were significantly highly expressed in suspect of silicosis (0+) group(P < 0.01), but lowly in other groups. Inversely, serotransferrin was significantly down-regulated only in suspect of silicosis (0+) group(P < 0.01). Plasma glutathione peroxidase, tetranectin, apolipoprotein A-I and transthyretin were equally expressed in the serum of control group and silica-exposed population group, but decreased in the suspect of silicosis (0+) and phase (I) group.

CONCLUSIONComplement C4, leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein, alpha-1-antitrypsin, serotransferrin, plasma glutathione peroxidase, tetranectin, apolipoprotein A-I and transthyretin are differentially expressed in the silica-exposed group and phase (I) group with silicosis, and the result should be validated by other biochemical technologies.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blood Proteins ; analysis ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Proteomics ; methods ; Silicosis ; blood ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization

OBJECTIVETo explore a way of the gene therapy for acute spinal cord injury (ASCI) by vivo transfection of exogenous gene into spinal cord tissue.

METHODSTwenty-four rats of SD were divided into experiment group and control group (each group had 12 rats). After anaesthesia by abdominal cavity, lamina of thoracic vertebra of all rats were cut-open in prone position. Complex of plasmid and report gene-Lac Z, and plasmid without report gene-Lac Z were respectively injected into cavum subdural of SD rats of experiment group and control group by cation liposome (DOTAP) encapsulation. The rats were killed at the 2nd week after operation, spinal cord tissue of injected segments were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain raction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSIn experiment group, positive staining of beta-galactosidase can be clearly observed in neuron and glia cell of rat's spinal cord by immunohistochemistry detection. Lac Z mRNA in same area was also detected by RT-PCR. But, in control group, no above-mentioned positive results were found.

CONCLUSIONEffective transfection of exogenous gene in vivo into spinal cord is a new hot spot for treatment of SCI. Thus certain nerve growth factor imput partly area of spinal cord injury can promote central nerve regrowth and avoid early secondary injury.

Acute Disease ; Animals ; Genetic Therapy ; Lac Operon ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spinal Cord ; metabolism ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; therapy ; Transfection ; beta-Galactosidase ; analysis

BACKGROUNDTo date, there have been no reports on altered nitric oxide (NO) content in ischemia/reperfusion with regard to in vivo preconditioning procedures. These studies are important for understanding the mechanisms of NO during early myocardial ischemic preconditioning. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanisms of NO during early myocardial ischemic preconditioning by measuring levels of NO and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), as well as activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in ischemia/reperfusion with respect to preconditioning in rats.

METHODSSixty-six female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: ischemic preconditioning group (IP), ischemia/reperfusion group (I/R), control group (CON), and preconditioning procedure group (PC). In the PC group, rats were further divided into PC1-, PC1 +, PC2-, PC2 +, PC3-, and PC3 + subgroups. Rats underwent left coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion, and subsequently, NOS activity and levels were assessed with spectrophotometric analysis. cGMP contents were measured with radioimmunoassay.

RESULTSThe level of NO and cGMP, as well as the activity of NOS, were significantly higher in the IP group compared to the I/R and CON groups (P < 0.05). During preconditioning prior to prolonged ischemia, NO and cGMP levels varied markedly with ischemia and reperfusion. The levels of NO repeatedly increased when the heart was exposed to three episodes of 5-minute ischemia, and were almost completely reversed during each reperfusion period. NO and cGMP levels were significantly different between the 5-minute period of ischemia and the same period of reperfusion during preconditioning.

CONCLUSIONSNO plays an important role during early phase myocardial ischemic preconditioning in rats. NO and cGMP could be triggers and mediators of early phase myocardial ischemic preconditioning. Altered NOS activity following ischemic stress could be the primary inducer of higher NO levels detected. NO and cGMP fluctuations might be the trigger for protection during early phase myocardial ischemic preconditioning.

Animals ; Cyclic GMP ; analysis ; Female ; Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial ; Nitric Oxide ; analysis ; physiology ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley