The dynamic of endophytic bacteria at different growth stage of tomato and use of these endophytic bacteria to control tomato bacterial wilt were studied. The results showed that endophytic bacteria could be found in the tomato seeds and their quantities reached the highest peak in the adult plants both in resistant and susceptible cultivars. The amount of endophytic bacteria in adult plants of resistant tomato cultivars was 2.43?10~5CFU/g FW in the root and 22.9?10~4 CFU/g FW in the stem, while the amount of endophytic bacteria in adult plants of susceptible tomato cultivars was 9.8?10~4CFU/g FW in the root and 13.4?10~4CFU/g FW in the stem respectively. Seventeen strains of endophytic bacteria from resistant cultivars and only seven strains from susceptible cultivars were found to be antagonistic to Ralstonia solanacearum. In addition, some strains of endophytic bacteria had the abilities of promoting tomato seed germination and controlling tomato bacterial wilt, among which, strain 5R and 3R had better control effect of 91.7% and 81.3% respectively.

Objectives To investigate the clinical features,prognosis and risk factors of patients with cryptococcal meningitis.Methods Totally 146 patients with cryptococcal meningitis who were hospitalized in Huashan Hospital from January 2000 to December 2006 were enrolled in this study.The clinical data including diagnosis and misdiagnosis,experimental and etiology tests,treat- ments and prognosis from all the patients were analyzed retrospectively.Results Among the 146 patients enrolled in the study,78 patients(53.4%)had concomitant diseases.The misdiagnosis rate of all patients was 72.6%(106/146).The positive rate of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)India ink smear was 59.6%(87/106),while 43.2%(63/146)cases of cryptococcus neoformans culture in CSF was positive.The positive rate of Latex agglutination test(LAT)was 91.7%(134/146)in CSF among all patients.The treatments were as follows:combination of Amphotericin B(AmpB)or its lipid formula- tions with flucytosine(5-FC)(98 cases),including combination with Fluconazole initally(62 cases), single therapy of Fluconazole(13 cases).Ommaya implanted for lateral cerebral ventricle drainage(53 cases)and AmpB intrathecal injection(53 cases).The average dose of AmpB is 3.06 g.The course of treatment lasted from 12 weeks to 20 months.There were 104 patients(71.2%)cured,27(18.5%) improved,15(10.3%)died and 34(23.3%)relapsed.Conclusions High misdiagnosis rate is common in patients with cryptococcal meningitis.Immunodeficiency is the major risk factor for cryp- tococcal meningitis.CSF LAT is the most sensitive diagnostic test.Early diagnosis,combination of AmpB with 5-FC antifungal therapy and control of acute intracranial hypertension are the keys to im- prove prognosis of cryptococcal meningitis.

Objective: To explore the structural domains of the CENP-E protein that interact with Mps1 protein.Methods: Two recombinant vectors named pEGFP-CENPE2(containing 674-1085 amino acids of CENP-E protein) and pEGFP-CENPE 3(containing 1200~2134 amino acids of CENP-E protein) were transfected into human embryo kidney 293(HEK293) cells respectively.The respective energy transfer efficiency(Ef) between either EGFP-CENPE2 and Mps1,or EGFP-CENPE3 and Mps1 were detected by FRET through selective photobleaching of the acceptors.Results: Both recombinant proteins expressed in HEK293 cells transfected by the recombinant plasmids were found to co-localize with the Mps1 protein as confirmed by confocal microscopy.The Ef between EGFP-CENPE3 and Mps1 protein was [(12.63?0.48)%,n=30] and that between EGFP-CENPE3 and Mps1 protein was [(3.17?0.21)%,n=30] as revealed by the results from FRET,the result of FRET was confirmed by co-Immunoprecipitate(CO-IP) method.When compared with that between the control and Mps1,the Ef between EGFP-CENPE3 and Mps1 was significantly higher(p

Objective To investigate the expression of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) on dendritic cells(DCs) derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) of chronic hepatitis B(CHB) patients and to explore the mechanism of sustained infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV). Methods Twenty CHB patients were randomly screened in the study,and ten healthy persons were recruited as controls.The monocytes isolated from peripheral blood of candidates were incubated with recombinant human granuloeyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) and rhIL-4 to induce the DCs generation and proliferation.Then the phenotype of DCs was identified by micro- scope.The expressions of the phenotypes[histocompatibility leukocyte antigen(HLA)-DR,CD80, CD86,CD83]of immature and mature DCs were measured by flow cytometer.Furthermore,the ex- pression of TLR3 on mature DCs(mDC) and immature DCs(imDC) was determined by flow cytometry and Western blot analysis respectively.Results As for healthy volunteers,the expressions of CD80, CD86,HLA-DR and CD83 on DCs at the 7th day,which were(82.35?8.67)%,(79.61?10.08)%, (92.79?8.48)% and (83.76?5.47)% respectively,were significantly higher than those at the 5th day which were(28.31?8.79) %,(31.17?11.23)%,(27.61?10.28)% and (23.46?11.53)% respec- tively(P0.05).The expression of TLR3 on imDC was significantly higher than that on mDC at control group (P0.05).And the expression of TLR3 on imDC in CHB patients group was significantly lower than that of control group(P

OBJECTIVESTo probe into the relationship between the CT grouping of liver cirrhosis and its complications as well as clinical condition.

METHODSOn the basis of CT findings in 357 cases with liver cirrhosis, CT grouping of the cirrhosis was performed. The complications of the cirrhosis, including enlargement of spleen, varicose collateral veins, ascites, pleurorrhea, primary liver carcinoma, gallbladder stone, etc, of all groups were analyzed. According to examination the blood routine, and the serum urea nitrogen (SUN), creatinine and uric acid, the condition of spleen function accentuation and liver-kidney syndrome were estimated.

RESULTSThree hundred and fifty-seven cases with cirrhosis were divided into homogeneous group (87 cases, 24.4%), segmental group (41 cases, 11.5%) and nodal group (229 cases, 64.1%). The grade of spleen enlargement in the segmental group and the nodal group was significantly greater than that in homogeneous group. The cases with varicose in the segmental group was the most (70.7%), in the nodal group next (17.0%) and in the homogeneous group the least (2.3%). There was significant difference among three groups. In the nodal group, there was ascites in 182 cases (79.5%) and significantly more than that in the segmental group (11 cases, 26.8%) and the homogeneous group (9 cases, 10.3%), and the former significantly more than the latter. There were 68 cases (29.7%) with primary liver carcinoma in the nodal group, and significantly more than that in the segmental group (1 case, 2.4%) and the homogeneous group (5 cases, 5.7%). The cases with hemoglobin decrease in the nodal group were significantly more than that in the homogeneous group. The averages of hemoglobin and platelet in the nodal group and the segmental group were significantly lower than that in the homogeneous group. The cases with SUN increase in the nodal group and the segmental group were significantly more than that in the homogeneous group. The concentration of SUN in the nodal group was significantly higher than that in the homogeneous group.

CONCLUSIONSThere are close relationship between the grouping of liver cirrhosis on basis of CT findings and complications of the cirrhosis. The practice of grouping might be useful for estimating clinical condition

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; physiopathology ; Liver Cirrhosis ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo investigate prevalence, location, negotiation and the effect of operating microscope (OM) in the treatment of the second mesiobuccal canal (MB2) in maxillary molars.

METHODS113 maxillary molars were studied. The crowns of the teeth were removed 1 mm above the chamber bottom for searching MB2 canal. Initially location and negotiation of MB2 canal were attempted without OM. Teeth in which MB2 canal were not located or negotiated were further explored under OM. Canal orifices including MB orifice, MB2 orifice and palatal orifice were filled by red gutta-percha cones, then the teeth were scanned by scanner. The images were analyzed by Image-Proplus 4.0 software to measure the relationship between MB2 canal and other canals.

RESULTSThe MB-MB2 distance is (1.47 +/- 0.54) mm, MB-P distance is (5.77 +/- 0.66) mm, the vertical distance from MB2 to MB-P line is (0.53 +/- 0.28) mm, the angle between MB-P line and MB-MB2 line is 23.07 degrees +/- 13.08 degrees. MB2 orifices were located in 70 teeth (61.9%) and negotiated in 53 teeth (46.9%) without OM. With OM, additional MB2 orifices were located in other 6 teeth, 4 were negotiated; and 2 were negotiated in which MB2 canal were not negotiated without OM.

CONCLUSIONSMB2 canal can be located in 67.3% and negotiated in 52.2% of maxillary molars. Ability to locate and negotiate MB2 canal is facilitated by OM. The MB2 canal was located less than 1 mm mesially to the MB-P line and 2 mm palatally from the MB orifice.

Dental Pulp Cavity ; anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Maxilla ; Microscopy ; Molar ; anatomy & histology

Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)in a children's hospital,and provide basis for the prevention and control of MRSA infection in children. Methods Children who admitted to a children's hospital from 2011 to 2015 were analyzed retrospectively,clinical data of children,isolation of pathogens,types of specimens,and healthcare-associated infection(HAI)status were analyzed.Results From 2011 to 2015,a total of 911 children isolated Staphylococcus aureus (SA,1108 positive specimens),494 of whom isolated MRSA (599 positive specimens),54.23% of children isolated MRSA(isolation rate of specimens was 54.06%);there was no significant difference in the isolation rate of MRSA between children of different genders(P > 0.05);isolation rate of MRSA in different age groups was statistically significant(P <0.05).Isolation rates of MRSA from blood,puncture fluid,secretion,and pus were 68.97%,66.00%,55.81%, and 54.47% respectively.Isolation rate of SA and MRSA increased from 0.61% and 21.74% in 2011 to 1.40%and 75.59% in 2015 respectively,difference were both significant(both P <0.05).Incidence of SA and MRSA in-creased from 0.198% in 2011 to 2.697% and 2.119% in 2015 respectively,both showed an upward trend year by year(both P <0.05).Conclusion Isolation rate of MRSA and incidence of HAI in this children's hospital increased year by year,it is necessary to intensify management,use antimicrobial agents scientifically and rationally,timelyperform disinfection and isolation,so as to curb the emergence and spread of MRSA in hospital settings.

OBJECTIVETo compare and evaluate the biocompatibility of three kinds of dentin bonding agents Xeno III (XO), Adper Prompt (AP), Single bond2 (SB) through cell culture in vitro.

METHODSThree kinds of dentin bonding agents (XO, AP, SB) were applied on the surface of the dental slices which were 5.0 mm in diameter and 0.5 mm in depth. By immersing the slices into the DMEM culture medium, the maceration extracts were obtained. Normal dental pulps of teenagers were collected and human pulp fibroblast was cultured using tissue explant method. The fifth generation pulp cells were exposed to culture medium containing different concentrations of maceration extracts (100.0%, 50.0%, 25.0%, 12.5%) for 24, 72, 120 h. At last, MTT method was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the dentin bonding agents on human pulp fibroblast.

RESULTSThe results showed that all three kinds of dentin bonding systems had cytotoxicity to human pulp fibroblast in different degree in vitro. The cytotoxicity of XO and AP was less than SB. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe results of cell culture in vitro indicated that total-etching adhesives system has more irritation to pulp than self-etching adhesives system.

Adhesives ; Adolescent ; Dental Pulp ; Dentin ; Dentin-Bonding Agents ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Resin Cements

OBJECTIVETo investigate the phenotypes and functions of peripheral blood monocyte derived dendritic cells (DC) of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with different HBV DNA loads.

METHODSTwenty-eight CHB patients were included in this study. All patients were treated with nucleoside analogues (lamivudine or LdT or adefovir) for 24 weeks. Peripheral blood HBV DNA loads and liver biopsies were assessed before and after the treatment. The patients were divided into two groups according to their peripheral blood HBV DNA loads: a high-load group with HBV DNA loads higher than 10(5) copies/ml, and a low-load group with HBV DNA loads lower than 10(3) copies/ml. Ten healthy people were included as controls. Peripheral blood DC of each subject was enriched. The phenotypes of DC were subjected to flow cytometric analysis. The lymphocyte allo-stimulatory capacity of DC was evaluated through MTT assay. IL-10 and IL-12 production were quantified by ELISA.

RESULTSDC proliferated successfully when stimulated by cytokines in vitro; however, DC of the CHB patients proliferated much slower than those of the healthy controls. The expression of DC surface molecules such as HLA-DR, CD86, CD80 and CD83 had a positive rate of over 80% in the normal population. However in our CHB patients they showed lower than normal expressions, especially the HLA-DR, CD86, CD80 and CD83, but the differences were not significant between the two groups with different virus loads. The stimulatory capacity of the DC in mixed lymphocyte reaction showed no difference between the two groups of patients, but both were lower than that of the healthy controls. The production of IL-12 and IL-10 also decreased significantly in the patients.

CONCLUSIONSPeripheral DC of CHB patients have some defects in their phenotypes and their stimulatory capacity. The changes in phenotypes and down-regulation of the functions are not relevant to peripheral HBV DNA loads of the patients.

Adult ; Dendritic Cells ; immunology ; metabolism ; Female ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; immunology ; virology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phenotype ; Viral Load ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVEThe aim of the study is to evaluate the left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony in chronic heart failure (HF) patients with normal and wide QRS duration.

METHODSTime to peak velocity at peak systolic and early diastolic phase (Ts and Te) were determined in 12 segments of LV by echocardiography (GE Vivid 7) in 54 HF patients (28 with wide and 26 with normal QRS duration) and 15 normal controls to evaluate LV systolic and diastolic dyssynchrony. The risk factors related to LV dyssynchrony were also evaluated.

RESULTSLV end systolic and diastolic volumes were significantly larger and 12 segmental mean Ts and maximal Te difference (Te-diff) were significantly higher in HF patients with wide QRS duration than HF patients with normal QRS duration. Using mean Ts >or= 182 ms as the cut-off value, systolic dyssynchrony was present in 46% HF patients with normal QRS and 71% HF patients with wide QRS. Using Te-diff >or= 79 ms as the cut-off value, diastolic dyssynchrony was seen in 58% HF patients with normal QRS and 89% HF patients with wide QRS. Combined systolic and diastolic dyssynchrony was seen in 31% HF patients with normal QRS and in 64% HF patients with wide QRS. Systolic dyssynchrony was significantly correlated to LV end systolic volume and diastolic dyssynchrony was correlated to end diastolic volume.

CONCLUSIONPercentage of LV dyssynchrony was significantly higher in HF patients with wide QRS, especially in HF patients with increased LV end systolic and diastolic volume.

Adult ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Echocardiography, Doppler, Pulsed ; Female ; Heart Failure ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Heart Ventricles ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology