The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of overexpressing 70-kD heat shock pro-teins(Hsp70)on glycolysis in C2C12 cells during myogenesis and adipogenesis.Using C2C12 cells as the research material,adenovirus was used to overexpress the Hsp70 gene,and changes in the expression of glycolytic genes were detected using fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blotting techniques.The study indicated that during C2C12 cell myogenic differentiation,the expression trend of the Hsp70 gene was consistent with that of Gsk3β,Pkm,Prkag3,Pfkm,and Hk-2 genes,suggesting a relationship between Hsp70 and the glycolytic pathway during myogenic differentiation.Overexpression of Hsp70 in the later stages of myogenic differentiation significantly upregulated the expression of Gsk3β,Pkm,Prk-ag3,and Pfkm genes(P＜0.05),with no significant impact on Hk-2 gene expression(P＞0.05).Dur-ing C2C12 cell adipogenic induction,the expression trend of the Hsp70 gene was similar to that of Gsk3β,Pkm,Prkag3,Pfkm,and Hk-2 genes,indicating a relationship between Hsp70 and the glycolytic path-way during adipogenic induction.Following Hsp70 overexpression,in the later stages of adipogenic in-duction,the number of lipid droplets was significantly higher compared to the control group,with a sig-nificant upregulation of Gsk3β,Pkm,Prkag3,and Pfkm gene expression(P＜0.05),while Hk-2 gene expression was not significantly affected(P＞0.05).In conclusion,Hsp70 in C2C12 cells in myogenic and adipogenic states promoted the breakdown of glycogen into 6-phospho-glucose,thereby enhancing the glycolytic pathway,providing insights into the functional role of the Hsp70 gene in glycolysis in C2C12 cells.

The study aims to explore the effects and mechanisms of water extract of Potentilla anserina (PA) on myelosuppression mice induced by cyclophosphamide based on metabonomics. The myelosuppressive mouse model was established by injected with cyclophosphamide and treated with water extract of PA. Thymus and spleen indexes, peripheral hemogram and bone marrow nucleated cells of each group was detected. Bone marrow pathology analysis was performed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The levels of interleukin 3 (IL-3), interleukin 6 (IL-6), erythropoietin (EPO), granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in serum were measured. The changes of biomarkers and related metabolic pathways were analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS-based metabonomics. Animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Southwest Minzu University. The high doses of PA could significantly improve the decrease of white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC) counts and hemoglobin (HGB) levels of mice induced by cyclophosphamide (P < 0.05), and significantly increase the number of nucleated cells and the area of hematopoietic tissue in femoral bone marrow. The medium and high doses of PA could significantly improve the serum levels of SOD, CAT, MDA, IL-6 and GM-CSF (P < 0.05), and have no significant effect on the expression of IL-3 and EPO (P > 0.05). Serum metabolomics analysis showed that the aqueous extracts of PA could alleviate myrosuppression by regulating the aminoacyl-tRNA, valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis mediated by 13 different metabolites such as valine, leucine, asparagine and hydroxyisohexic acid. PA improve the inhibition of hematopoietic function in myelosuppression mouse, and its mechanisms may be related to anti-oxidation and promoting the expression of hematopoietic-related cytokines and regulating the related metabolic pathways.

Objective To use World Health Organization Family International Classifications (WHO-FICs) to explore the framework and approaches of development and research of guidelines of rehabilitation at levels of policies, community and services.Methods The important documents and tools of rehabilitation at international level, including United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, WHO World Report on Disability, Community-based Rehabilitation Guideline, Rehabilitation in Health Service System, and International Classification of Diseases (ICD), International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), and International Classification of Health Intervention (ICHI) of WHO-FICs, had been discussed.Results The framework, classifications, diagnosis and description of diseases and functioning, coding, intervention and functioning evaluation based on ICD-11, ICF and ICHI-β-2 had been established for development and implementation of rehabilitation guidelines and Cochrane rehabilitation.Conclusion The framework and systematic approaches of ontology, classification, terminology, coding, diagnosis and description of diseases and functioning, interventions and evaluations for the development and implementation of rehabilitation guidelines had been developed.

BACKGROUNDSince 2010, two versions of National Guidelines aimed at promoting the management of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) have been formulated by the Chinese Society of Cardiology. However, little is known about the changes in clinical characteristics, management, and in-hospital outcomes in rural areas.

METHODSIn the present multicenter, cross-sectional study, participants were enrolled from rural hospitals located in Liaoning province in Northeast China, during two different periods (from June 2009 to June 2010 and from January 2015 to December 2015). Data collection was conducted using a standardized questionnaire. In total, 607 and 637 STEMI patients were recruited in the 2010 and 2015 cohorts, respectively.

RESULTSSTEMI patients in rural hospitals were older in the second group (63 years vs. 65 years, P = 0.039). We found increases in the prevalence of hypertension, prior percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and prior stroke. Over the past 5 years, the cost during hospitalization almost doubled. The proportion of STEMI patients who underwent emergency reperfusion had significantly increased from 42.34% to 54.47% (P < 0.0001). Concurrently, the proportion of primary PCI increased from 3.62% to 10.52% (P < 0.0001). The past 5 years have also seen marked increases in the use of guideline-recommended drugs and clinical examinations. However, in-hospital mortality and major adverse cardiac events did not significantly change over time (13.01% vs. 10.20%, P = 0.121; 13.34% vs. 13.66%, P = 0.872).

CONCLUSIONSDespite the great progress that has been made in guideline-recommended therapies, in-hospital outcomes among rural STEMI patients have not significantly improved. Therefore, there is still substantial room for improvement in the quality of care.

Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Hospital Mortality ; Hospitals ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction ; epidemiology ; mortality ; surgery ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective] To explore disaster response capability and the vulnerability as well as the current level and training needs of disaster medicine knowledge in urban populations . [ Methods] Five communities in Yangpu District of Shanghai were randomly enrolled in this study .The study populations were then stratified by age groups .A total of 1700 residents were recruited , 1643 of which completed a structured questionnaire designed by the investigators . [ Results] Eight-nine percent of the residents be-lieved the importance of understanding disaster medicine -related knowledge .The correct answer rates of “pro-tective measures of nuclear leakage issues” and “self-rescue measures in a high building fire” reached over 80%;however , the overall correct answer rate of “cardiorespiratory resuscitation operation” was less than 40%.The main channels of community residents accessing disaster medicine knowledge were mainly news -papers, magazines, and internet (52.1%);whereas only 5.3%of them obtained the knowledge from school education .Community residents most liked to obtain “first aid skills”and“basic theory of disaster medicine”through formal lectures (72.4%). [Conclusion] School education lacks disaster-related knowledge , pos-sibly resulting in the fact that community residents have a limited ability to save both oneself and others in disaster .There are significant differences between residents with different education levels .Community resi-dents have limited knowledge of disaster occurrence and development , and lack capabilities of self-rescue and mutual aid .Colleges should increase the contents of disaster medicine education in their curriculum .Disaster education should be enforced in school education .Continued education and simulation of disaster-related knowledge should be regularly offered to community residents to greatly reduce their vulnerability to disasters .

AIM: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab ( avastin ) injection in patients with exudative age related macular degeneration ( AMD) .
METHODS: The records of patients treated with intravitreal injection of 1. 75mg bevacizumab for AMD were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were evaluated by complete ophthalmic examination, optical coherence tomography and fundus fluorescein and/or indocyanine green angiography. Observation was made on the best corrected visual acuity ( BCVA) , intraocular pressure, and the changes of lens, vitreous, central retinal thickness (CFT) and total macular volume (TMV), at 1d, 3d, 7d, 1mo and 6mo after the treatment and then compared with those of pre - operation. Repeated treatment with intravitreous bevacizumab occurred if there were signs of persistent or recurrent exudation. And all cases were followed up at least 6mo. An intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (1. 75mg) was given once every 6wk.
RESULTS:All 50 eyes of 48 patients with the average of 58±20. 46 years old were included. The mean baseline of BCVA and CFT were 0. 82±0. 53, and 364. 97±151. 83μm respectively. Although there was no significant decrease in mean CFT and TMV one week after the injection, the mean BCVA had significant improvement. At the last visit of 9. 7mo follow - up, BCVA, CRT and TMV showed significant improvements over baseline values. BCVA was improved by at least two lines in 32 eyes (64%),remained stabilization in 18 eyes (36%) at the last visit. A total of 98 injections were performed and the average number of injections was 1. 98 for each eye in the group. About 50%of re - injections gained at least two lines of vision improvement one week postoperatively. There were no serious adverse events during the treatment.
CONCLUSION: Intravitreal bevacizumab ( avastin ) injection for managing CNV due to age-related macular degeneration is safe and few side effects. Intravitreal avastin associated with improvement in visual acuity ( VA ) , which can reduce macular edema and choroidal neovascularization leakage. But a prolonged treatment effect needs further observation.

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab injection in patients with macular edema (ME) induced by retinal vein occlusion (RVO).
● METHODS: The records of patients treated with intravitreal injection of 1. 75mg bevacizumab for ME induced by RVO were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were evaluated by complete ophthalmic examination, optical coherence tomography ( OCT) and fundus fluorescein angiography ( FFA ), etc. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure, the change of lens and vitreous, central foveal thickness (CFT) were observed at 1, 2, 3, 6mo after treatment and compared with before treatment. Repeated treatment with intravitreous bevacizumab occurred if there were signs of persistent or recurrent exudation. All the cases were followed up at least 6mo. An intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (1. 75mg) was given at 6wk intervals.
●RESULTS: Fifty patients (56 eyes) with the average of (57±18. 56) years old were included. The mean baseline of BCVA, CFT were (logMAR0. 82±0. 63), (626. 5±178. 0)μm respectively. Although there was no significant decrease in mean CFT at 1wk after injection, the mean BCVA had significant improvement. Followed up at mean 10. 26 ± 5. 87mo, BCVA, CFT showed significant improvements over baseline values. The statistics of CFT at 1, 2, 3mo after injection were significant differences compared with before injection in each of the three groups. CFT at 1, 3, 12mo after injection were (365. 11±23. 212) μ m, (333. 42± 35. 526) μ m, (267. 6 ± 116. 8) μ m, which had a significant difference ( P < 0. 001), namely macular retinal thickness was thinner obviously that before treatment, ME was improved obviously. CFT was no significant difference at each time point after injection in the group of BRVO-ME and CRVO- ME (P> 0. 05). OCT image showed that after injection macular retinal thickness was becoming thinner. FFA showed that after injection macular fluorescein leakage decreased. BCVA was improved by at least two lines in 48 eyes (86%),remained stable in 8 eyes (14%) at the last visit. A total of 112 injections were performed and the average number of injections was 1. 96 in the group. About 50% of reinjections gained at least two lines of vision improvement at 1wk following the retreatment. There was no serious complications during the treatment.
●CONCLUSlON: lntravitreal injection of bevacizumab can improve visual acuity (VA) of RVO (CRVO and BRVO) in patients with ME, relieve ME, reduce the leakage of CNV, and repeated treatment is better. But a prolonged treatment effect needs further observation. There are no serious ocular and systemic complications occurred in our study.

Adolescent ; Calcaneus ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Male ; Osteochondroma ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to explore the impact of specimen collection and storage consumable products on trace element quantitative analysis.

METHODSDevices and consumable products of different brands used in specimen collection or storage were selected and treated separately as below:urine collection and storage tubes (Brand A, B, C and D, 2 samples for each brand) were treated with 1% of HNO(3) volume fraction for 2 - 4 h; blood taking device (Brand O, P and Q, 3 samples for each brand) were used for ultra-pure water samples collecting as simulation of blood sampling;dust sampling filters (Brand X, Y and Z, 2 samples for each brand) were cold digested by nitric acid for 12 h, followed by microwave digestion. Then cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, lead, selenium, stannum, titanium, vanadium and zinc concentrations in the solutions obtained during the course of collect or storage were quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer.

RESULTSFor the urine collection and storage consumable products, background values of elements were described as mean of parellel samples. The consentration of 14 quantified elements were relatively low for 5 ml cryogenic vials (brand B) with background values range of 0.001 - 0.350 ng/ml. The background values of copper of 50 ml centrifuge tubes (brand A), chromium of 5 ml cryogenic vials (brand C) and zinc of 1.5 ml centrifuge tubes (brand D) were relatively high, which were 1.900, 1.095 and 1.368 ng/ml, respectively. Background values of elements in blood sampling devices were described as x(-) ± s. Background values of chromium for brand O, P and Q were (0.120 ± 0.017), (0.337 ± 0.093) and (0.360 ± 0.035) ng/ml; for copper were (0.050 ± 0.001), (0.017 ± 0.012) and (0.103 ± 0.015) ng/ml; for lead were (0.057 ± 0.072), (0.183 ± 0.118) and (0.347 ± 0.006) ng/ml; for titanium were (7.883 ± 0.145), (8.863 ± 0.190) and (8.613 ± 0.274) ng/ml; zinc were (2.240 ± 0.573), (42.140 ± 22.756) and (8.850 ± 3.670) ng/ml. There were statistically differences of background values for chromium, copper, lead, titanium and zinc among the above three brands of blood sampling devices (all P values < 0.05). For air sampling filters, background values of elements were described as mean of parellel samples. Background values of chromium and nickel of sampling filters (brand X) were lowest, which were 17.000 and 15.400 ng per piece, respectively; while background values for other elements were relatively high, the quantification of cadmium, cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, lead, selenium, stannum, titanium, vanadium and zinc were 0.250, 0.550, 48.500, 690.000, 25.500, 0.900, 6.500, 10.550, 7.950, 10.500, 0.850, 370.000 ng per piece, respectively. Background values of chromium and nickel of sampling filters (brand Z) were highest, which were 171.000 and 29.850 ng per piece.

CONCLUSIONBackground values of trace elements varied among products of different brands, and the most noticable differences were found in chromium, manganese, nickel, lead, stannum and zinc.

Environmental Monitoring ; methods ; Quality Control ; Specimen Handling ; methods ; Trace Elements ; analysis

Objective To investigate the modulation effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) implantation on the myofibroblasts congregating in the infarct region after myocardial infarction (MI).Methods MI was induced in SD rats by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation,and the experimental animals were assigned randomly into the sham group,MI + PBS group and MI + MSC group (myocardial injection of 0.1 ml 2 × 107/ml in four locations in the infarct region).Echocardiography,hemodynamic examinations and Masson trichrome staining were performed.Implanted MSC differentiation and myofibroblasts congregating in infarct region were investigated by immunofluorescence staining.TGF-β1-Smad2 signaling pathway was examined by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot.Results (1) Four weeks late,heart-weight/body-weight ratio [(3.04 ± 0.16) mg/g vs.(3.34 ± 0.14) mg/g,P ＜ 0.01] and myocardial infarction size [(38.72 ± 2.38) ％ vs.(46.36 ± 2.81) ％,P ＜ 0.01] were significantly reduced in MI + MSC group than in MI + PBS group,while scar thickness of infarct region was thicker [(0.93 ±0.17) mm vs.(0.65 ±0.16) mm,P=0.01],and LVEF was higher [LVEF:(32.5 ±5.9)％ vs.(26.5 ±4.5) ％,P =0.03] in MI + MSC group than in MI + PBS group.(2) Myofibroblasts congregating in the infarct region was significantly enhanced in MI + MSC group compared with MI + PBS group [(196 ± 20) cells/mm2 vs.(89 ± 25) cells/mm2,P ＜ 0.01],and part of implanted MSC expressed α-SMA +.(3) TGF-β1 expression and the phosphorylating of Smad2 in the infarct region were significantly upregulated in MI + MSC group compared with MI + PBS group (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions MSC could improve myocardial function and promote myofibroblasts congregating in the infarct region via activating the TGF-β1-Smad2 signaling pathway in this model.