Background Abnormality of intraocular pressure (IOP) leads to ocular shape change and functional damage.Previous study on the influence factors of IOP mostly focus on eye tissue,but the research of systemic affecting factor is lack.Objective This study was to survey the distribution of IOP and its association with the systemic factors in Chinese population.Methods A cross-section study was designed in this study.The subjects were enrolled from the government employees physical check-up cohort in Guangzhou.IOP was measured using non-contact tonometry.The height,weight and blood pressure were measured based on a presupposed standard protocol.Fundus and slit lamp examinations were performed by trained ophthalmologists.Frequency-doubled perimetry was carried out in the subjects with the suspicious optical disc abnormality,and abnormal perimetry result and operated eye were rejected in the survey.The operative history was learned by questionnaire.Stata 11.0 was used for the data analysis.Results Total 7763 subjects finished all the examination,including 4213 male and 3550 female.Four hundred and fifteen subjects were excluded due to previous intraocular surgery and glaucoma,and the clinical data of the right eyes of 7348 subjects who were eligible for the protocol were brought into statistical analysis.The mean IOP was (15.6±2.8) mmHg in the subjects,and that in the male and female subjects was (15.6±2.8) mmHg and (15.7±2.8) mmHg,respectively,showing a statistically significant difference (t =2.415,P =0.016).A good consistence was found in the IOP between the right eyes and the left eyes (r=0.830,P＜0.001).The IOP value in the subjects presented with a near normal distribution.IOP value was gradually decreased with the increase of age.Multivariate regression suggested a negative correlation between IOP and age or gender (P＜0.001) as well as a positive correlation between IOP and body weight index (BMI),systolic blood pressure or diastolic blood pressure (P ＜0.001).Conclusions Similar to other studies in East Asia population,IOP is associated with age,gender,BMI,systolic and diastolic blood pressure in this survey.

The treatment planning can directly decide the treatment effect of X-knife. This paper presents some qualitative and quantitative tools assessing the treatment planning, mainly they are the isodose curve, dose-wash, volume dose and dose volume histogram.
Algorithms ; Brain Neoplasms ; surgery ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Humans ; Radiosurgery ; instrumentation ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Radiotherapy, Conformal ; methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) has emerged as a promising anticancer drug target due to its key role in the DNA repair process. It can polymerize ADP-ribose units on its substrate proteins which are involved in the regulation of DNA repair. In this work, a novel series of para-substituted 1-benzyl-quinazoline-2, 4 (1H, 3H)-diones was designed and synthesized, and the inhibitory activities against PARP-1 of compounds 7a-7e, 8a-8f, 9a-9c and 10a-10c were evaluated. Of all the tested compounds, nine compounds displayed inhibitory activities with IC50 values ranging from 4.6 to 39.2 micromol x L(-1). In order to predict the binding modes of the potent molecules, molecular docking was performed using CDOCKER algorithm, and that will facilitate to further develop more potent PARP-1 inhibitors with a quinazolinedione scaffold.
Antineoplastic Agents ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Drug Design ; Enzyme Inhibitors ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Molecular Structure ; Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases ; Quinazolinones ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Structure-Activity Relationship

Evaluation of the permeability mainly focuses on intestinal absorption in biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS). It is more complicated that the absorption and metabolism under multicomponent environment in biopharmaceutics classification system of Chinese materia medica (CMMBCS) compared with single component environment, which needs suitable mathematical models to be described. Therefore, with full consideration of existing single component mathematical algorithm combining with the characteristics of intestinal absorption and metabolism, we explored and designed a new mathematical algorithm of intestinal absorption and metabolism of multicomponent drug. Then we put forward a new coefficient, P (influence), the relative change rate of the single component's intestinal absorption and metabolism under multicomponent environment compared with single component environment, which described the influences of intestinal absorption and metabolism of the component under multicomponent environment. Moreover, P (influence) highlights the distinctive characteristics of multicomponent drug's intestinal absorption and metabolism, and lays the foundation for the construction of CMMBCS.
Algorithms ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Intestinal Absorption ; Intestines ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Models, Theoretical ; Solubility

Objective To investigate the time trends and age-related characteristics of mortality and disease burden for cardiocerebrovascular diseases (CVD) in Hunan, China during three periods ( 1973 -1975, 1990 - 1992 and 2004 -2005). Methods The cardiocerebrovaacular death data of Hunan residents were collected by three national retrospective sample surveys of death. Cause-specific mortality, proportion, years of potential life lost (YPLL) and associated indicators were identified in the population of Hunan in above mentioned three periods. Time trends of age-specific mortality rate were assessed by fitting curvilinear regression lines and the increase rates of mortality with age were analyzed in each period. Results The standard all-cause mortality of residents in Hunan decreased ( x~2 = 189. 947, P < 0. 001, x~2 = 54. 201, P <0. 001 ; x~2 = 27 396. 898, P < 0. 001 ) while the standard mortality for CVD increased ( x~2 = 54. 201, P <0. 001;x~2 = 27 396. 898 ,P < 0. 001 ) from 1973 to 2005. The age-specific mortality rate for CVD increased with age in all three periods, especially for citizens older than 60 years. There were age stages in each period in which the mortality increase rate was the fastest (10 -14 and 15 -19 years old in 1973 -1975; 10 -14,15 - 19 and over 80 years old in 1990 - 1992 ; 15 - 19 and over 80 years old in 2004-2005 ). Exponential regression function ((y), = b_0e~(b1x)) can be used for the proper description of age-specific mortality change. The ratio of YPLL for CVD in all death causes showed increase trend ( x~2 = 275 630. 407, P < 0. 001 ). YPLL rate (YPLLs per 1000) in 1973 -1975 was higher than those in 1990 -1992 and 2004 -2005. YPLL rate was positively correlated with mortality in all periods. Conclusions The mortality for CVD increased with time and aging. People older than 60 years were threatened by CVD mostly. Mortality trend analysis also found higher CVD deaths in people age 15 - 19 in Hunan residents.

12 strains of H2-producing bacteria were isolated and purified from anaerobic sludge, aerobic sludge and river bottom sludge by Hungate method. A new species of high efficient hydrogen production bacterium Enterococcus sp. LG1 (registration number: EU258743 ) was studied deeply. It was showed that the Enterococcus sp. LG1 was an anaerobic and Gram-negative bacterium. Sequence analysis of this type of clones showed that it was affiliated with the genus Enterococcus and it was not reported yet in other paper at present. Meanwhile, batch tests of anaerobic fermentative hydrogen production by Enterococcus sp. LG1 were investigated by using sterilization pretreated sludge as substrate. The changes of soluble COD, protein, carbohydrate and pH value during hydrogen fermentation were monitored. It was found that only hydrogen and carbon dioxide were produced by this strain and no methane was detected during fermentation. The maximal hydrogen yield was 36.48 mL/g TCOD and the hydrogen concentration in the gas phase was 73.5%. The Enterococcus sp. LG1 was a butyrate fermentation bacteria analyzed by metabolites.

In order to study the spectral reflectance differences of Glycyrrhizae Radix under different growth conditions and lay the foundation for quantitative monitoring of Glycyrrhizae Radix remote sensing images, spectra of Glycyrrhiza species under different growth period and different varieties and different regions were measured by a portable spectrometer. The results showed that the reflectivity of annual G. uralensis was obviously higher than that of the two years plant in the visible light band own to the contents of crown layer chlorophyll. The reflectivity of two years G. pallidiflora was higher than that of G. uralensis in the near infrared band own to the leaf area index and the content of leaf water. The red edge spectrum of annual plant fluctuated largely than that of two years plant due to vegetation coverage and leaf area index. G. pallidiflora grew well than G. uralensis. Under different regions of the Glycyrrhiza species, spectral data analysis showed that within a certain range, the average annual precipitation and average annual evaporation were the major factors to affect the differences of Glycyrrhiza species spectral data under different regions owe to the leaf water content, the higher leaf water content, the lower spectral reflectance. The principal component analysis and continuum-removed method of the spectral data under different regions found that, within a certain range, the average annual precipitation and average annual evaporation were the major factors caused by the differences of Glycyrrhiza species spectral data under the different regions, Glycyrrhiza species spectral similarity related to the spatial distance.
Geography ; Glycyrrhiza ; chemistry ; Principal Component Analysis ; Spectrum Analysis

Objective To improve ultrasonic unit configuration of the field medical team.Methods The problems of the ultrasonic unit were analyzed in operating platform setup,personnel and facility allocation,application of interventional ultrasound,cross infection prevention and etc,and some countermeasures were put forward accordingly.Results There were interdependence and interaction among the elements of the ultrasonic unit,and the rational configuration made the requirements satisfied for interventional therapy,massive casualty diagnosis,bed side application and etc.Conclusion Improved configuration enhances the efficacy of the ultrasonic unit of the field medical team.

Authors raised that staging based strategies and practice of integrative medicine (IM) by combining syndrome typing and disease identification, and choosing suitable measures in accordance with different persons and seasonal conditions after more than ten years' clinical practice and researches. Radical operation as prior (as evil eliminating) and strengthening vital qi in perioerative period are best strategy for promoting rapid rehabilitation of early stage prostate cancer patients. Strengthening body resistance to eliminate evil was used in treating advanced prostate cancer patients. For example, a comprehensive treatment program for hormone-dependent patients was combined with endocrinotherapy and Chinese herbs for synergisic efficacy-enhancing actions. In this way, these patients' quality of life (QOL) were improved and time to castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) was delayed, even some patients were clinically cured. There are lack of effective medicines and methods for CRPC patients. Greatly tonifying original qi is mainly used for improving their clinical symptoms and prolonging survivals. Practice has proved staging based strategies and practice of IM has favorable advantages in treating prostate cancer, especially showing prospect in prolonging survival and postponing progression of advanced prostate cancer patients. Besides, it also could provide beneficial considerations and inspiration for combination of syndrome typing and disease identification.
Disease Progression ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant ; diagnosis ; Quality of Life

OBJECTIVETo perform the detection of spermatozoal gene expression in order to accelerate the study of spermatozoal molecular biology.

METHODSTo collect the healthy adults sperm and lymphocytes respectively, and then to extract the total RNAs from them by RNeasy mini kit (QIAGEN) or Trizol reagent. Corresponding cDNAs were produced, digested, ligated, finally labeled with Cy3 (sperm) and CyS (lymphocyte) in the course of RD amplifying reactions. Hybridization with self-made microarrays contained 560 probes was carried out after the labeled cDNAs pured by PCR Product Purification Kit.

RESULTSAmong the 560 probes, 72 genes were up-regulated, 321 genes were down-regulated, the others had no different expression. Furthermore, genes associated with replication, transcription, translation and regulative functions were non-different expression or down-regulated, and those belonged to the spermatogenesis associated, sperm associated antigen were up-regulated, but those involved in the glycolysis were up-regulated, in the oxidative phosphorylation were down-regulated.

CONCLUSIONIt had successfully confirmed that there were a plenty of genes expressed in sperm, furthermore the genes expressed were accorded to spermatozoal functions and characteristics.

Adult ; Down-Regulation ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA ; isolation & purification ; Spermatozoa ; metabolism ; Up-Regulation