Abstract:Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is one of the most common liver diseases in the world. Long-term alcoholism causes a series of pathological changes in the liver, which eventually leads to the occurrence of liver diseases with an increasing incidence. At present, significant progress has been made in the pathogenesis and pathological development of alcoholic liver disease, but the relevant mechanism of ALD has not been thoroughly studied. It is necessary to improve the existing animal model or establish a new, more comprehensive animal ALD model to simulate human ALD. Experimental animal models of ALD, especially rodents, are often used to simulate human ALD, and the ideal rodent ALD model can effectively simulate all aspects of alcohol in human liver. But so far, the commonly used animal models all have certain defects, and there is no complete animal model that can simulate human ALD. This paper reviewed the pathogenesis of ALD, related methods and influencing factors of ALD model, and provided a theoretical basis for relevant researchers to establish the ALD rodent model. 

One new neolignan identified as 2, 3-( trans) -dihydro-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) -3-[(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy) methyl]-7-methoxybenzofuran-5-propenoic acid (1) and five known steroidal glycosides namely torvoside A(2), torvoside C(3), torvoside H(4), solanolactoside A (5), (25S)-6alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-spirostan-3-one-6-0-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->3-beta3)-beta-D-D-quinovopyr-anoside] (6) were isolated from the fruits of Solanum torvum. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1D, 2D NMR and MS spectroscopic analysis.
Fruit ; chemistry ; Isomerism ; Lignans ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Solanum ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical effects of iliolumbar fixation for the sacrum fractures of Denis type II.

METHODSThe clinical data of 86 patients with sacrum fracture of Denis type II treated by iliolumbar fixation from January 2008 to January 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 55 males and 31 females, aged from 17 to 55 years old with an average of 39.1 years. Among them, 73 cases complicated with pelvis fracture and 13 cases with acetabular fracture; 37 cases with sacral neurological symptoms and 49 cases without sacral neurological symptoms. Fracture healing time, nerve function, clinical function and complications were observed in the patients.

RESULTSIn 86 cases, 6 cases were out of followed-up and 80 cases were followed up from 24 to 71 months with an average of 36 months. The mean fracture healing time was 13 weeks (ranged, 10 to 38 weeks). According to Gibbons scoring to evaluate the neurological function, preoperative nerve rehabilitation, lower limbs feeling, lower limbs activity,bladder and rectum function,total score respectively were 0.62 +/- 0.04, 1.54 +/- 0.35, 1.12 +/- 0.18, 0.23 +/- 0.01, 3.46 +/- 0.47 and postoperative respectively were 0.82 +/- 0.12, 0.36 +/- 0.04, 0.05 +/- 0.01, 0.03 +/- 0.01, 1.25 +/- 0.22, there were statistically significant differences between preoperative and postoperative (P < 0.05). According to Majeed scoring to evaluate the clinical function, postoperative pain, standing, sitting, sexual life, work ability, total score respectively were 22.54 +/- 4.02, 27.93 +/- 5.46, 8.47 +/- 3.61, 2.54 +/- 1.33, 16.46 +/- 4.34, 81.32 +/- 8.73, 60 cases got excellent results, 17 good, 3 fair. The main complications including fracture nonunion of 5 cases,deep incision infection of 1 case, and screw prominence resulting uncomfortable of 8 cases.

CONCLUSIONIliolumbar fixation has the advantages of stable fixation, satisfactory functional rehabilitation, less complications, and is a good method in treating sacrum fracture of Denis type II.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Screws ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Sacrum ; injuries ; surgery ; Spinal Fractures ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Aim To study relative bioavailablity of cefaclor effervescent tablets in healthy volunteers. Methods According to the crossover design, A volunteers were each orally given a single does of the 0.75 g cefaclor effervescent tablets and cefaclor capsules with an interval of 5 days between the two formulations.The plasma concentrations of the drug were determined by RP-HPLC.Pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained by ATPK programe,and calculated on the basis of open single compartment model.Results After a single oral dose, the peak levels in plasma averaged Cmax(31.27?5.81)?g?ml-1 and(30.56?5.25) ?g?ml-1 at (0.58?0.12)h and(0.73?0.17)h and AUC0～4(35.48?4.65) ?g?h?ml-1 and (35.89?2.90) ?g?h?ml-1 for tablet and capsule,respectively. Conclusion The result shows that two formulations are bioequivalence.

Objective To examine the induction effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) transfected with bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) gene differentiating into chondrocytes. Methods We observed the phenotype of cells which were stained with alcian blue and HE climbing to the six pore plate with invert microscope. The glycosaminoglycan (GAG) value in culture medium was detected in control group,BMP7 transfect and culture medium induced groups after 7,14 and 21 days using standard curve method. Standard curve was described using galacturonic-acid as reference substance. The content of collagen Ⅱ was detected by ELISA method. Results HE and Alcian blue staining showed that BMP7 gene transfection group and the group induced by fluid possess the characteristics of chondrocyte. BMP7 induced BMSCs differentiation to chondrocyte which secrete specific protein called collagen Ⅱ and GAG. Content of GAG were (17.1±3.4),(39.5±5.4),(40.8±6.1)mg/L in control group,BMP7 gene transfected group and induced group,collagen Ⅱ were (89.7±14.3),(152.8±14.5),(155.5± 19.3)μg/L in these three groups separately. Comparing with control group,GAG and collagen Ⅱ of BMP7 gene transfected group and culture medium induced group increased obviously(all P < 0.05),but there was no significant difference between BMP7 gene transfeeted group and culture medium induced group (P > 0.05). Conclusion This active protein induces BMSCs differentiating into chondrocyte,in a level similar to that of inducing medium.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate in vitro microleakage of class V restorations using two self-etching primers with a flowable resin or hybrid resins. METHODS: Forty human molars were divided into 3 groups according to axial surfaces. Each group was randomly assigned to 2 subgroups (n=20) with either butt-joint or the beveled preparations. Class V preparations were cut in cemento-enamel junction. Groups A, B, C were respectively restored with CLB2/Clearfil AP-X, APMB/FHC-Merz or APMB/Liquicoat. Half specimens of each subgroup were thermocycled 2 500 times. After staining, dye penetration was evaluated in the ordinal scale at 40Xmagnifications for occlusal and the gingival margins. The wall adaptation of the randomly selected specimens was analyzed with a SEM on replicas of the sectioned teeth. RESULTS: None of bond systems in this study prevented the microleakge. The restorations with the bur-beveled preparations leaked the same as those with the butt joint preparations (P>0.05). The thermocycled specimens and the non-thermocycled specimens leaked similarly (P>0.05). The flowable resin-liqucoat leaked significantly more than hybrid resin in dentinal margins (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The self-etching primers can not reduce the microleakge in the dentin-restoration interfaces. The flowable resin leak more than the hybrid resin in dentin-restoration interfaces. The bur- beveled preparations do not significantly reduce the microleakage in class V resin restorations bonded with self-etching primers.

Forecasting ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; prevention & control ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Risk Adjustment ; trends

Objective To investigate the expression of CDKN1C in bone marrow in myelodysplastic syndromes and clinical significance of the detection of syndrome and secondary acute myeloid leukemia patients.Methods 125 patients with MDS/ AML were selected as the research object,and selected 20 cases of healthy people as healthy control group,and to investigate the mRNA and protein expression in CD34+ cells in bone marrow the expression of MDS/AML in patients and the survival rate of different expression of CDKN1C,to analyze the factors for survival rate of patients with MDS by Cox regression,and analyze the different treatment methods in patients with MDS/AML.Results The expression lcvcls of CDKN1C mRNA and protein of bone marrow CD34 + cells in the patients with MDS/AML were significantly higher than the healthy control group (t=5.324,7.326;P=0.002,0.000),and which was positive with BM count (r=2.014,P=0.004);the survival rate of CDKN1C high expression levels in patients with MDS/AML was significantly lower than that of the low expression of CDKN1C group and intermediate CDKN1C expression group (P＜0.05).Cox regression analysis showed that age,high BM count,cytogenetic risk difference and CDKN1C positive significantly affect the survival rate of patients with MDS/AML (95％CI=1.10～1.32,1.92～4.40,1.18～2.67,1.03～2.32,P=0.034～0.000).MDS/AML chemotherapy in CDKN1C positive group was significantly lower than the survival rate of patients with CDKN1C negative expression group (t=5.314,P=0.002).Conclusion The expression of CDKN1C in bone marrow of patients with MDS/AML was significantly increased,and the high expression of CDKN1CMDS/AML effect of chemotherapy on the survival rate of patients with MDS/AML.

OBJECTIVETo study the relation between the nitric-oxide synthase (NOS) expression and nitric oxide (NO) content in the skeletal muscles and the injury condition of soft tissue in the 3rd lumbar vertebrae syndrome model rats, and to observe the effect of acupotomology therapy.

METHODSOne hundred and twenty-eight adult SD rats were allocated to 4 groups randomly: normal group, model group, aminoguanidin group and acupotomology treatment group, 32 rats in each group. NOS expression, NO content and injury of the soft tissue in the 3rd lumbar vertebra were observed on the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th day after the acupotomology treatment and aminoguanidine intervention.

RESULTS1) Inducible NOS (iNos) activity and NO content in model group was significantly higher (F = 522.860, P < 0.01), in acupotomology group and aminoguanidine group was significantly lower than the model group (FiNOS = 28.894, P < 0.01), and iNOS activity and NO content in all groups was in competence with the condition of soft tissue injuries. 2) Endothelium NOS (eNOS) expression raised in model group and acupotomology group, and achieve peak on the 7th day. There was significant difference between the eNOS expression in acupotomology group and the model group (FeNOS = 3.454, P < 0.05). 3) The expression of neuron NOS (nNOS) in the model group, aminoguanidine group and acupotomology group had no significant (FnNOS = 0.962, P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAcupotomology treatment can restrain the development of high content NO, release the inflammatory reaction and injury condition, improve microcirculation, prevent the development of scar tissue of the injured soft tissue, and has significant recovering effectiveness in the soft tissue injured model rats.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; Guanidines ; therapeutic use ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Syndrome ; Time Factors

The clinical study was conducted to further evaluation the effectiveness and safety of Fangfeng Tongsheng granule in the treatment of sub-acute eczema (superficial cold and interior heat syndrome, exterior and interior sthenic syndrome). In the block randomized, multi-centered study, totally 108 patients were enrolled and assigned to two groups: 72 patients in the test group and 36 patients in the placebo control group. Those in the test group took Fangfeng Tongsheng granule with the dose of 3 g, twice a day, while those in the control group were give simulated agent granules with the same dose. The therapeutic course lasted for 14 days. Their efficacies in TCM syndrome, dermal symptoms and adverse events were observed. According to the test results, except for the one exit case, all of the remaining 108 cases, including 71 in the test group, and 36 in the control group, completed the clinical trial. As for the efficacy of TCM syndrome, after the medication for 2 weeks, the cure rate was 33.81% (24/71) in the test group and 0% (0/36) in the control group (P < 0.01), with a statistical difference between the two groups. Regarding the TCM score, after the medication for 2 weeks, the test group decreased by (12.82 +/- 7.96), while the control group decreased by (3.67 +/- 4.12), indicating a statistical difference between the two groups. As for the efficacy of dermal symptoms, after the medication for 2 weeks, the cure rate was 25.35% (18/71) in the test group and 0% (0/36) in the control group, with a statistical difference between the two groups. Regarding the dermal symptom score, after the medication for 2 weeks., the test group decreased by (10.04 +/- 7.17), while the control group decreased by (2.33 +/- 3.57), indicating a statistical difference between the two groups. There was no significant adverse event caused by Fangfeng Tongsheng granule. In conclusion, Fangfeng Tongsheng granule was effective and safe in treating subcute eczema (superficial cold and interior heat syndrome, exterior and interior sthenic syndrome).
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Eczema ; drug therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult