Objective To observe the status of oxidative stress and activity of alkaline phosphatase(ALP) in rats exposed to high fluoride for the different periods and to analyze the effect of fluoride on the activity of ALP and oxidative stress in fluorosis rats. Methods Twenty-four Wistar rats were divided into control and high-fluoride groups according to their body mass, 12 rats in each group. The control group drank tap water(sodium fluoride concentrations < 1 mg/L), and high-fluoride group drank tap water containing sodium fluoride(sodium fluoride concentrations 221 mg/L). On a standard diet and water available ad hbitum, each rat was measured body weight once a week in 1,4,8,12 week. The biochemical techniques were used to test the indicators of oxidative stress including malonaldehyde(MDA), superoxidedismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GPx), uric acid and activity of ALP in serum of fluorosis rats. Results There was a interaction between fluoride and time in the activity of ALP (F = 4.690,P < 0.05). The activity of ALP was obviously higher in rats exposed to fluoride for 1,12 week [ (19.29± 3.69), (15.72 ± 0.79)kU/L] compared to the control[ (14.08 ± 1.99),(12.91 ± 3.97)kU/L, all P< 0.05] ; the level of MDA was obviously higher in rats exposed to fluoride for 1,4 week [ ( 13.37 ± 4.38 ), ( 11.82 ± 2.08) μmol/L ] compared to the respective control[ (8.75 ± 3.24), (7.42 ± 2.62)μmol/L, all P < 0.05]; difference of SOD and GPx between control and high-fluoride groups was not statistically significant(all P > 0.05); the level of uric acid in serum was significantly higher in high-fluoride group for 1,4 week[ (89.53 ± 13.21 ), (88.47 ± 19.78 )μmol/L] compared to the control [ (77.79 ± 11.43 ), (65.42 ± i 3.42) μ mol/L, all P < 0.05 ], but the level of uric acid showed lower in high-fluoride group for 8,12 week [(67.21 ± 9.44), (73.95 ± 9.52)μmol/L] compared to the control [(77.79 ± 11.43), (65.42 ± 13.42)μmol/L]. Conclusions Effect of overdose fluoride on ALP is time-dependant. On the other hand,overdose fluoride stimulates the status of oxidative stress in a way unrelated to the exposure period.

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical effect and safety of circumcision stapler in the treatment of phimosis and redundant prepuce.

METHODSWe treated 120 patients with redundant prepuce or phimosis using circumcision stapler and another 60 by conventional dorsal-incision circumcision. We observed intraoperative blood loss, operation time, postoperative pain, wound healing time, cosmetic appearance of the penis, and postoperative complications and compared them between the two groups of patients.

RESULTSStapler circumcision showed obvious advantages over the conventional method in intraoperative blood loss ([2. 3 ± 1. 3] vs [15.6 ± 2.9] ml), operation time ([7.1 ± 1.4] vs [22.6 ± 4.6] min), wound healing time ([12.0 ± 2.9] as [16.3 ± 3. 1] d), postoperative pain score (1. 9 ± 1. 3 vs 5. 2 ± 1. 7), incision edema, and cosmetic appearance of the penis (all P <0. 05). Besides, stapler circumcision exempted the patients from stitch-removal pain. However, the incidence rate of postoperative local ecchymosis was significantly higher in the circumcision stapler group than in the conventional circumcision group (20. 8% vs 8. 3% , P <0. 05).

CONCLUSIONCircumcision stapler, with its advantages of easier manipulation, shorter operation time, better cosmetic penile appearance, less pain, and fewer complications, is superior to conventional circumcision in the treatment of phimosis and redundant prepuce.

Blood Loss, Surgical ; Circumcision, Male ; instrumentation ; methods ; Ecchymosis ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Pain, Postoperative ; Penis ; abnormalities ; Phimosis ; therapy ; Postoperative Complications ; Postoperative Period ; Surgical Staplers ; adverse effects ; Wound Healing

OBJECTIVETo study the expression and distribution of KDR, VEGF and CD34 in yolk sac and liver of human embryo at different development stage.

METHODSYolk sacs and livers of 15 human embryos were analyzed by the immunohistochemical SP kits for the expression of KDR, VEGF and CD34.

RESULTSKDR, VEGF and CD34 were all expressed in yolk sacs and livers of the embryos. In the intermediate liver group, the grey value of KDR and VEGF were 103.8 +/- 6.1 and 96.4 +/- 6.3, respectively, stronger than that in the late liver group which were 90.4 +/- 6.0 and 87.4 +/- 6.3, respectively (P < 0.05). A positive correlation between the levels of KDR and VEGF was observed (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe expression of KDR and CD34 in yolk sac and liver of embryo suggests the presence of hemangioblast in these organs. Interaction of KDR and VEGF might relate to survival, proliferation, migration and differentiation of hemangioblasts.

Embryo, Mammalian ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Liver ; embryology ; metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; biosynthesis ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 ; biosynthesis ; Yolk Sac ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo observe different effects of moxibustion on extracellular potassium ion in acupoint under physiological and pathological status and provide experimental evidence for exploring action mechanism of moxibustion on acupoint local.

METHODSForty female SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a blank-moxibustion group, a model group and a model-moxibustion group, 10 cases in each one. The complete Freund's adjuvant(CFA) was adopted to establish model of adjuvant arthritis (AA) in the model group and model-moxibustion group. No treatment was given in the blank group and model group while moxibustion was applied at "Zusan-li" (ST 36) for 30 min in the blank-moxibustion group and model-moxibustion group. The tissue fluid in "Zusanli" (ST 36) was collected with microdialysis and real-time analyzed by electrolytic analyzer. The change of concentration of potassium ion in "Zusanli" (ST 36) was observed.

RESULTS(1) Under physiological status, the concentration of extracellular potassium ion in the blank group was not changed within 150 min (P > 0.05); before the moxibustion, the concentration of extracellular potassium ion in the blank-moxibustion group was (1.21 +/- 0.31) mmol/L, and after treatment it was gradually increased and reached its peak at (2.38 +/- 0.42) mmol/L after 60 min (P < 0.05), then it was reduced. 150 min after the treatment, concentration of potassium ion was slightly higher than that before moxibustion as well as that in the blank group. The concentration in the blank-moxibustion group at 60 min was statistically significant compared with that in the blank group (P < 0.05). (2) Under pathological status, the concentration of extracellular potassium ion in the model group was not changed within 150 min, differences of which at each time point was not statistically significant (all P > 0.05). Before the moxibustion, the concentration of extracellular potassium ion was (1.09 +/- 0.12) mmol/L in the model-moxibustion group, and it was immediately increased to (1.96 +/- 0.18) mmol/L after moxibustion. 60 min and 90 min after the moxibustion, it still maintained a higher level, which was (1.87 +/- 0.29) mmol/L and (1.59 +/- 0.16) mmol/L respectively (both P < 0.05). The differences of each time point after moxibustion in the model-moxibustion group were statistically significant compared with those in the model group (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe moxibustion could increase the concentration of potassium ion in rat's acupoint local under physiological status but time of effect is short; with moxibustion at "Zusanli" (ST 36) under pathological status, the concentration of local potassium ion is obviously increased and maintains for a long time.

Acupuncture Points ; Animals ; Arthritis, Experimental ; metabolism ; therapy ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; Potassium ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo explore the dosimetric variance in forward intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) based on 4D CT and 3D CT after breast conserving surgery.

METHODSSeventeen patients after breast conserving surgery underwent 3D CT simulation scans followed by respiration-synchronized 4D CT simulation scans at free breathing state. The treatment plan constructed using the end inspiration (EI) scan was then copied and applied to the end expiration (EE), and 3D scans and dose distribution were calculated separately. Dose-volume histograms (DVHs) parameters for the CTV, PTV, ipsilateral lung and heart were evaluated and compared.

RESULTSThe CTV volume difference was biggest between T0 and 3D CT, and the volume difference was 4.10 cm(3). Mean dose of PTV at EE was lower than that at EI (P = 0.019), but there were no statistically significant difference between 3D and EI, EE (all P > 0.05). The homogeneity index (HI) at EI, EE, 3D plans were 0.149, 0.159 and 0.164, respectively, and a significant difference was only between EI and EE (P = 0.039). The highest conformal index (CI) was at EI phase (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between EE and 3D (P = 0.758). The V(40) and V(50) of ipsilateral lung at EE phase were lower than that at EI (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in all the indexes for heart (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe breast deformation during respiration may be disregarded in whole breast IMRT. PTV dose distribution is significantly changed between EI and EE phases, and the differentiation of the lung high dose area between EI and EE phases may be induced by thorax expansion. 3D treatment planning is sufficient for whole breast forward IMRT, but 4D CT scans assisted by respiratory gating ensures more precise delivery of radiation dose.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; diagnostic imaging ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Adult ; Breast Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; diagnostic imaging ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Dose Fractionation ; Female ; Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography ; methods ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; methods ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Middle Aged ; Organs at Risk ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated ; Respiration

OBJECTIVETo discuss the characteristics and experience for surgical treatment of combined calcaneal fracture.

METHODSBetween February 2004 and September 2007, 17 feet of 13 patients with combined calcaneal fractures underwent surgical operations. Among 17 calcaneal fractures, 8 combined with ipsilateral talus fractures, 5 combined with trimalleolar fractures, 4 combined with Pilon fractures. Firstly, fractures of hinder foot were treatment with open reduction and internal fixation according to the principle. Of all, 15 fractures were treated with screws or titanic plate plus open reduction and internal fixation, the rest 2 fractures were treated with subtalar arthrodesis. Postoperative X-ray assessed the internal fixation and union of fractures. The foot function was evaluated by the Maryland Foot Score.

RESULTSA total of 13 patients were all followed up for 16.0 - 33.0 months (average 26.5 months), superficial infection was found in a patient with open wound 10 d after surgery. All the bone fractures united after surgery from 4 to 6 months. Morphous improvement of the calcaneal were proved by X-ray films and there here was no plates and screws' breakage, loosening. Mild osteoarthritis in Subtalar and ankle joints were found by X-ray after surgery from 9 months to last follow-up. Cystic degeneration and necrosis were found in 5 and 2 cases of talus fractures respectively. According to Maryland Foot Score, excellent was in 3 feet, good in 6 feet, fare in 5 feet and poor in 3 feet, with excellence rate of 52.9%.

CONCLUSIONSCombined calcaneal is a calcaneus-based concomitant ankle and foot fractures after a high-energy injury. Good deal of soft tissue and correct design of operation pre-operatively, restoration of form and power lines of calcaneal, effective bone graft, right place of simple internal fixation or subtalar arthrodesis and good reduction and internal fixation of other fracture in hinder feet intra-operatively and correct function postoperatively are key points to have a relatively satisfied treating effect of combined calcaneal fractures.

Adult ; Calcaneus ; injuries ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the effect on synthesis of nitric oxide in myocardium by local cryoablation and to investigate its mechanism.

METHODSMyocardium was cryoablated locally by a probe cooled to -60 degrees C and rewarmed by normal salt solution, nitric oxide and its synthesis enzyme were measured before and after cryoablation. L-arginine or methylene blue was added before and during cryoablation and the effect of these drugs on synthesis of nitric oxide was studied.

RESULTSNitric oxide and its synthesis enzyme decreased after cryoablation; L-arginine preserved the synthesis of nitric oxide and methylene blue inhibited the synthesis of nitric oxide. However, nitric oxide in serum did not change.

CONCLUSIONNitric oxide and its synthesis enzyme in myocardium decrease after cryoablation.

Animals ; Cryosurgery ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; pathology ; Nitric Oxide ; biosynthesis ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; metabolism ; Rabbits

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of Tongfu Huoxue decoction on experimental intracelebral hemorrhage and the associated machenisms.

METHODThe cerebral hemorrhage model in rats was induced by local injection of type VII collagenase and they were randomly divided into four groups. The treated groups were treated with Naoxuekang and Tongfu Huoxue decoction. The control groups were only treated with water. The changes of neurological defect were observed. The content of brain water, MDA, NO and the activity of SOD were measured.

RESULTThe cerebral hemorrhage rats showed hemiplegia, and the hemorrhage brains showed celebral edema, higher quotient of brain and content of brain water, suggesting the hemorrhage model was established successfully. After the treatment of Tongfu Huoxue decoction, the hemorrhage rats showed smaller hemorrhage volume, the brain tissue from the hemorrhage rats had lower MDA content and the quotient of brain, and also had higher activity of SOD and content of NO.

CONCLUSIONTongfu Huoxue decoction has treatment effects on cerebral hemorrhage.

Animals ; Arctium ; chemistry ; Brain ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Collagenases ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Fallopia japonica ; chemistry ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Phytotherapy ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Prunus ; chemistry ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the expression of EZH2 and the prognosis of elderly patients with rectal cancer and the mechanism of EZH2 in the progression of rectal cancer.Methods:36 cases of elderly patients with rectal cancer who underwent surgery in our hospital from January to June 2010 were included in this study.The expression of EZH2 in colorectal cancer tissues and adjacent tissues was analyzed and the differences were analyzed.All the patients were divided into positive and negative groups according to the expression level of EZH2.The correlation factors and risk factors of EZH2 expression were analyzed.All patients were followed up for 1 year to assess the quality of life of patients with prognosis and to analyze the correlation with the expression of EZH2;5-year follow-up of patients in both groups compared to 5-year progression-free survival rate of progression-free survival And overall survival(PFS) and overall survival (OS) survival curves were recorded.Results:The positive rate of EZH2 was 69.44％ in CRC and 38.89％ in cancerous tissues,and the positive rate of EZH2 in cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissues (P＜0.01).Age,pathologic type,The positive rate of EZH2 expression in lymph node metastasis group was significantly higher than that in lymph node metastasis group (P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that EZH2 expression was an independent risk factor of CRC lymph node metastasis.The QLQ-30 quality of life score was significantly higher in EZH2 low-expression group than that in EZH2 high-expression group (P＜0.01).The expression level of EZH2 was negatively correlated with QLQ-30 quality of life score (r=-0.573,P＜0.01).The 5-year progression-free survival rate of the 5-year EZH2 low-expression group was 86.67％ and the 5-year overall survival rate was 93.33％.The 5-year progression-free survival rate was 52.38％ 61.90％.The 5-year progression-free survival rate and 5-year overall survival rate of EZH2 low expression group were significantly higher than those of EZH2 high expression group (P＜0.05).Conclusion:The high expression of EZH2 is closely related to the progression of rectal cancer.It can be used as an important predictor of prognosis quality of life,progression-free survival time and overall survival time.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the change of c-fos protein(Fos) and nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) staining in the brain of rat after experimental brain contusion. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry of c-fos and NGFR were applied to investigate the brain contusion. RESULTS: (1) The expression of Fos protein could be observed at 0.5 h after injury and then increased with the prolonging of time. By 3 h after injury, the positive staining cells could be detected massively not only in and round the wound site but also in other areas of the whole ipsilateral cortex. The stains decreased 6-12 h later and could hardly be detected 1 d after the brain contusion. The control-experiment is negative. (2) NGFR positive staining cells could be found round the wound area 1 d postlesion. At 3 d following injury, a peak of massive positively stained cells appeared both in number and in intensity, showing significant differences compare with that of 1 d after damage (P < 0.01). 5 d later the positive express declined slowly. The express in the control-rat is negative. CONCLUSION There is a rule that the expression of Fos and NGFR positive staining changes with time going after brain contusion, which will be of great value in estimation of brain injury time. Detection of Fos can be used for time deduction in earlier period after injury, while NGFR in later period. They are also very important for distinguishing between antemortem or postmortem injury.
Animals ; Brain Concussion/complications* ; Brain Injuries/pathology* ; Female ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Neuroglia/metabolism* ; Neurons/metabolism* ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/metabolism* ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptor, Nerve Growth Factor/metabolism* ; Time Factors