To study the chemical components and the antifungal activity of extraction from conidia of Trichoderma viride LTR-2.The extraction were obtained by distilling with Methylene dichloride from conidia of Trichoderma viride LTR-2 cultured on wheat bran solid matrix.Antifungal activity were determined by mycelium growth method.The chemical components of the extraction were analysed by GC-MS,the relative components in the extraction were determined by area normalization.The extraction not only have broad-spectrum control,showed antibiosis against eleven different plant fungal pathogens in PDA dish,such as Rhizoctonia solani,Alternaria brassica,Verticillium dahliae,Macrophoma kawatsukai,Fusarium moniliforme,Botrytis cinerea,Rhizoctonia cerealis,Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum,Bipolaris sorokinana,Fusarium graminearum,Alternaria.mali,but also have high inhibitory effect,and had 89.3% suppressive rate to Rhizoctonia cerealis.About sixty components were separated and identified by GC-MS,majority components were Hydrocarbon,the number of the Hydrocarbon were fourty-three kinds.Ergosterol was the major chemical components of the extract,and has 41.90% content.Other components comprised:Ketone,Organic acid,Alcohol,Ene,et al.Conclusion:The extraction from conidia of Trichoderma viride LTR-2 have antifungal activity.The extration comprised 2H-Pyran-2-one,5,6-dihydro-6-pentyl,it has 2.35% content.reference others literature,2H-Pyran-2-one,5,6-dihydro-6-pentyl may be the suppressive component of the extration.

OBJECTIVETo find the optimal dosage of Salvia injection in treating chronic hepatitis B caused liver fibrosis.

METHODSSixty-four patients, whose diagnosis was confirmed as chronic hepatitis B caused liver fibrosis and differentiated by TCM typing as blood stasis blocking Collaterals type, were selected and randomly divided by lottery method into the large, middle and small dose of SI treated groups and the control group. All the patients were treated with modified Gexia Zhuyu Decoction, to the patients in the SI groups, 24 ml, 16 ml and 8 ml of SI were additionally administered by intravenous dripping respectively. The therapeutic course was 45 days. The clinical symptoms and signs; liver functional indexes as alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and albumin (ALB); and liver fibrosis indexes as procollagen type III (PC-III), collagen type IV (C-IV) and hyaluronic acid (HA), were measured before and after treatment.

RESULTSDifferent dosages of SI all could improve the clinical symptoms, and lower levels of ALT, AST, HA, PC-III and C-IV. Treatment of large dosage SI showed the best efficacy, superior to that of middle and small dosage SI, but no significant difference was found between the efficacy of the latter two.

CONCLUSIONAnti-liver fibrosis effect of large dosage SI is better than that of middle or small dosage SI.

Adult ; Collagen Type III ; blood ; Collagen Type IV ; blood ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; complications ; Humans ; Hyaluronic Acid ; blood ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Liver Cirrhosis ; blood ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Salvia miltiorrhiza

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical efficacy of combined therapy of Shehuang Paste (SHP) with colonic dialysis in treating patients with refractory cirrhotic ascites complicated with azotemia.

METHODSAdopting a multi-centered, randomized, double blinded and 1:1 parallel controlled trial, 120 patients were equally randomized into 2 groups, the control group was treated by conventional basic therapy (umbilical application of placebo paste and colonic dialysis with normal saline), and the treatment group by, besides the same basic therapy, umbilical application of SHP once a day and colonic dialysis with herbal medicine once every other day. The course was 1 month for both groups. Changes of ascites volume, renal function, serum and urinary levels of Na+ and K+, blood vasoactive substance, and portal dynamics in patients before and after treatment were observed.

RESULTSThe total effective rate for ascites was 71.7% (43/60 cases) in the treatment group and 18.3% (11/60 cases) in the control group, showing significant difference between groups (P < 0.01). Significant difference of blood creatinine, urea nitrogen, serum Na+ levels, and urinary Na+/K+ ratio were shown in the treatment group (P < 0.01) before and after treatment, and between groups after treatment (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Portal vein blood flow was significantly lowered in the treatment group after treatment (P < 0.01), which showed significant difference as compared with that in the control group (P < 0.01). Besides, levels of atrial natriuretic peptide, renin, angiotensin, nitric oxide, and aldosterone decreased and endotoxemia improved remarkably in the treatment group (P < 0.01). One-year follow-up showed that the ascites eliminating rate and the incidence of hepato-renal syndrome in the treatment group was 38.3% (23/60 cases) and 23.3% (14/60 cases) respectively, while in the control group 0 and 41.7% (25/60 cases) respectively, all showed statistical difference between groups (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONCombined therapy of SHP and colonic dialysis with herbal medicine could effectively eliminate the ascites, improve the hemodynamic condition of portal and splenic veins, reduce the content of vasoactive substance and noxious substances like ammonia and endotoxin in blood, and lower the incidence of hepato-renal syndrome.

Adult ; Ascites ; drug therapy ; etiology ; therapy ; Azotemia ; drug therapy ; etiology ; therapy ; Colon ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Dialysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; complications ; Male ; Middle Aged

BACKGROUNDFew studies were reported on the comparison of clinical outcomes between intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). This study aimed to determine whether IMRT improves clinical outcomes compared with 3D-CRT in patients with GBM.

METHODSThe records of 54 patients with newly-diagnosed GBM from July 2009 to December 2010 were reviewed. The patients underwent postoperative IMRT or 3D-CRT with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide. Kaplan-Meier method and log rank test were used to estimate differences of patients' survival.

RESULTSThe median follow-up was 13 months. Of the 54 patients, fifty (92.6%) completed the combined modality treatment. The 1-year overall survival rate (OS) was 79.6%. The pattern of failure was predominantly local. A comparative analysis revealed that no statistical difference was observed between the IMRT group (n = 21) and the 3D-CRT group (n = 33) for 1-year OS (89.6% vs. 75.8%, P = 0.795), or 1-year progression-free survival (PFS) (61.0% vs. 45.5%, P = 0.867). In dosimetric comparison, IMRT seemed to allow better sparing of organs at risk than 3D-CRT did (P = 0.050, P = 0.055). However, there was no significant difference for toxicities of irradiation between the IMRT group and the 3D-CRT group.

CONCLUSIONSOur preliminary results suggested that delivering standard radiation doses by IMRT is unlikely to improve local control or overall survival for GBM compared with 3D-CRT. Given this lack of survival benefit and increased costs of IMRT, the utilization of IMRT treatment for GBM needs to be carefully rationalized.

Adult ; Aged ; Brain Neoplasms ; mortality ; radiotherapy ; Female ; Glioblastoma ; mortality ; radiotherapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiotherapy, Conformal ; adverse effects ; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated ; adverse effects ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the biological behavioral effects of specific siRNA expression plasmids targeted against c-Myc and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on human colorectal cancer cell line Volo.

METHODSThe expression plasmids with small interfering RNA (siRNA) aiming at c-Myc and VEGF were designed and constructed respectively, then transfected into Volo cells by eukaryocyte transfection technique. The protein expressions of c-Myc and VEGF were detected by Western blotting. Cellular proliferation, apoptosis, cycle distribution and invasion character were analyzed by tetrazolium bromide colorimetry (MTT), flow cytometry (FCM), TUNEL assay and matrigel invasion assay respectively.

RESULTSEnzymatic digestion and DNA sequencing confirmed that the c-Myc and VEGF specific siRNA expression plasmids were constructed successfully. After plasmids were transfected into cells, the protein expressions of c-Myc and VEGF were significantly down-regulated respectively as compared with control group (P<0.01). The cellular proliferation inhibitory rates in c-Myc siRNA group, VEGF siRNA group and c-Myc+VEGF group were (59.20+/-5.05)%, (32.31+/-3.48)% and (75.81+/-7.89)% respectively, which were higher than that in control group [(6.80+/-1.45)%] (all P<0.05). The cell apoptosis rate in above 3 groups were (40.50+/-4.37)%, (21.30+/-2.98)% and (62.59+/-9.66)% respectively, which were higher than that in control group [(2.90+/-0.36)%] (all P<0.05). The cell invasion rates in VEGF siRNA group and c-Myc+VEGF siRNA group were (7.34+/-3.65)% and (2.80+/-1.02)%, which were lower than that in control group [(18.57+/-7.46)%] (P<0.05). The effect of c-Myc+VEGF siRNA group was greater.

CONCLUSIONSThe specific siRNA efficiently silences the expression of c-Myc and VEGF, subsequently, suppresses the cell proliferation, triggers the cell apoptosis and inhibits the cell invasiveness in these transfected colorectal cancer Volo cells. In addition, the synergism of siRNA-c-Myc and siRNA-VEGF in transfected cells can be found.

Apoptosis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Genes, myc ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of Tongfu Huoxue decoction on experimental intracelebral hemorrhage and the associated machenisms.

METHODThe cerebral hemorrhage model in rats was induced by local injection of type VII collagenase and they were randomly divided into four groups. The treated groups were treated with Naoxuekang and Tongfu Huoxue decoction. The control groups were only treated with water. The changes of neurological defect were observed. The content of brain water, MDA, NO and the activity of SOD were measured.

RESULTThe cerebral hemorrhage rats showed hemiplegia, and the hemorrhage brains showed celebral edema, higher quotient of brain and content of brain water, suggesting the hemorrhage model was established successfully. After the treatment of Tongfu Huoxue decoction, the hemorrhage rats showed smaller hemorrhage volume, the brain tissue from the hemorrhage rats had lower MDA content and the quotient of brain, and also had higher activity of SOD and content of NO.

CONCLUSIONTongfu Huoxue decoction has treatment effects on cerebral hemorrhage.

Animals ; Arctium ; chemistry ; Brain ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Collagenases ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Fallopia japonica ; chemistry ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Phytotherapy ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Prunus ; chemistry ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

BACKGROUND: Arthroscopic reconstruction for treatment of avulsion fracture at the tibial insertion of the knee posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) can minimize surgical trauma to the largest degree. However, its implants have relatively poor stability; therefore, functional exercise cannot be performed in the early stages after surgery, which is inconducive to knee function recovery. It is extremely challenging to perform traditional open reduction with internal fixation to repair avulsion fractures at the tibial insertion of the knee PCL. Often, the crushed bones cannot be firmly fixed, leading to a poor repair effect. OBJECTIVE: To design a new inverted "L"-shaped incision in the popliteal fossa through which bone plates were inserted to fix the crushed bones and to reconstruct PCL tension, facilitating knee function recovery; to compare the therapeutic effects of this new fixation and reconstruction method, and arthroscopic reconstruction for treating avulsion fracture at the tibial insertion of the knee PCL. METHODS: A prospective, single-center, non-randomized controlled trial. One hundred and eighty patients (knees) with avulsion fracture at the tibial insertion of the knee PCL will be assigned to two groups based on treatment methods: arthroscopic reconstruction group (n = 90;fracture fixation and repair under the arthroscope) and new method group (n = 90; bone plates will be inserted through an "L"-shaped incision in the popliteal fossa to fix the crushed bones and reconstruct PCL tension). After surgery, these patients will be followed up for 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The primary outcome measure is the excellent and good rate of knee function recovery at 12 months after surgery as evaluated by Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale score (Herein referred to as Lysholm score). The secondary outcome measures are the excellent and good rate of knee function recovery before surgery, 6 weeks and 6 months after surgery; Lysholm score before surgery, 6 weeks, 6 months and 12 months after surgery; Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, posterior drawer test negative rate, X-ray morphology of the knee before surgery, and 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after surgery and; incidence of adverse events at 6 weeks, 6 months and 12 months after surgery. Results of a preliminary study involving 62 patients (knees) with avulsion fracture at the tibial insertion of the knee PCL showed that posterior drawer test negative rate and Lysholm score were significantly higher in the new method group compared to the arthroscopic reconstruction group (P < 0.05) at 3 months after surgery. This study will be performed to compare the therapeutic effects of bone plate insertion through an "L"-shaped incision made in the popliteal fossa to fix the crushed bones and to reconstruct PCL tension, and traditional fracture fixation and repair under the arthroscope to treat avulsion fracture at the tibial insertion of the knee PCL. We believe that the former method will be superior to the latter one because it can fix the avulsion fracture more firmly, facilitating knee function recovery. This study was approved by Medical Ethics Committee of Cangzhou Central Hospital of China (approval No. 2017-120-01). This study will be performed in strict accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki formulated by the World Medical Association. Participants provided signed informed consent prior to participation in the study. This study was designed in December 2017. Patient recruitment and data collection will begin in April 2018. Patient recruitment will end in June 2019. Data analysis will be performed in August 2020. The study will be completed in October 2020. Results will be disseminated through presentations at scientific meetings and/or by publication in a peer-reviewed journal. This trial was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration number:ChiCTR1800015026). The version of this study protocol is (1.0).

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of argon plasma coagulation (APC) in the treatment of large airway obstruction.

METHODSTotally 389 patients with treacheobronchial stenosis were treated with APC (ARCO3000 type) by bronchoscopy. The stenoses were caused by carcinomas (203 cases, 52.2%), metastatic tumors (67 cases, 17.2%), benign tumors (18 cases, 4.6%), granulomas (93 cases, 23.9%) and other lesions (8 cases, 2.1%). The rate of recanalization, relief of the symptoms, and complications were analyzed.

RESULTS1121 times of APC treatment were performed in the 389 patients. Complete recanalization was achieved in 138 cases (35.5%), partial in 143 (36.8%), mild in 55 (14.1%) and none in 53 (13.6%). The major complications included: super-ventricular tachycardia in 136 cases (34.9%), bleeding in 51 (13.1%), decrease in blood oxygen saturation in 48 (12.3%), asphyxia in 33 (8.5%), ventricular or super-ventricular arrhythmia in 24 (6.2%), short-term aggravation of airway obstruction in 18 (4.6%), and tracheal perforation in 3 (0.78%). All those complications were treated with various measures and no patient died of the complications during the procedure.

CONCLUSIONArgon plasma coagulation is effective and relatively safe in relieving the obstruction and dyspnea in patients with large airway obstruction caused by various reasons. However, for the patients with severe airway obstruction, argon plasma coagulation sometimes may cause severe or even lethal complications. Critical consideration of the indication, operators' skill and taking more precautions during the procedure are required to ensure the safety of argon plasma coagulation treatment.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Argon ; therapeutic use ; Bronchial Diseases ; etiology ; surgery ; Bronchial Neoplasms ; complications ; Bronchoscopy ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Electrocoagulation ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Tracheal Neoplasms ; complications ; Tracheal Stenosis ; etiology ; surgery ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo ascertain the biomarkers capable to characterize the animal composite model of Chinese medicine (CM) yinhuang syndrome induced by triplet factors of rhubarb, ethanol, and α-nephthylisothiolyanate (abbreviated as R, E, and A below) through metabolomic study and to evaluate the established model by means of studying the sources of markers based on the changes of metabolites produced from various combinations of the three modeling drugs.

METHODSEighty Wistar rats allocated equally in eight groups (A-H) were treated with saline, R+E+A, R, E, A, R+E, R+A, and E+A, respectively. Rats' 12 h urine in the 14 successive experimental days were collected separately using metabolic cages and analyzed by ultra performance liquid chromatograph/time of flight mass spectrometer (UPLC/TOF-MS) to create the metabolic contour graph of urine in different groups for identifying the differences between them. The similarities and differences of metabolic network among various groups were represented from microcosmic viewpoint by pattern recognition method (principal component analysis).

RESULTSControlled by group A, the landing points in principal component map of various groups were apparently assorted, especially obvious on the 14th day; 19 biomarkers, which capable to represent the genesis and development process of the yinhuang syndrome in the triplet factors-induced rat model, were identified.

CONCLUSIONMetabolomic method is successfully used in evaluating the animal model of CM syndrome. Furthermore, according to the holistic view and substance changes in vivo, the influences of disease on organism were comprehensively analyzed, and the pathogenic mechanism of CM yinhuang syndrome was explored at the level of metabolomics in vivo as well.

1-Naphthylisothiocyanate ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Biomarkers ; urine ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Ethanol ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Male ; Mass Spectrometry ; Metabolomics ; methods ; Models, Animal ; Principal Component Analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reproducibility of Results ; Rheum ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of Smad4 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), its correlation with MAPK (mitogen activated protein kinase) and their clinical significance in NSCLC.

METHODSWestern blotting and RT-PCR were employed to test 42 resected lung cancers and normal lung tissues for the expression of Smad4. Imunohistochemistry was used to detect Smad4 and subtribes of MAPK in 71 paraffin samples.

RESULTSThe level of protein and mRNA expression of Smad4 in lung cancer tissues were 0.2092 +/- 0.1308 and 0.3986 +/- 0. 1982, respectively, lower than those in normal tissues (0.7852 +/- 0.4386 and 1.1206 +/- 0.6772, P < 0.05). The expression of p38, ERK1 and Smad4 was associated with TNM staging (P = 0.000, 0.000 and 0.005, respectively) and JNK1 with tumor location (P = 0.028) and staging (P = 0.000). There was a correlation between p38 and Smad4 (P = 0.000). The expression of Smad4 (P = 0.0001), p38 (P = 0.0000) and JNK1 (P = 0.0208), tumor differentiation (P = 0.0059) and staging (P = 0.0000) were significantly correlated with prognosis of NSCLC by univariate analysis. Smad4 (P = 0.019), p38 (P = 0.044), tumor differentiation (P = 0.003), and staging (P = 0.020) were correlated with prognosis tested by multivariable analysis. Taking p38 and Smad4 together, we found that the negative expression of p38 and positive expression of Smad4 were associated with a better prognosis of NSCLC (P = 0.000).

CONCLUSIONSmad4 could be of importance for the initiation and development of NSCLC. There is a significant correlation between main proteins of TGF-beta/smad4 and those of ras-MAPK signal transduction pathways. The expression of Smad4 is inhibited by p38. Smad4, as well as p38, tumor differentiation and staging can be used as prognostic factors of NSCLC.

Adult ; Aged ; Blotting, Western ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Differentiation ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Signal Transduction ; Smad4 Protein ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiology ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism