A growing body of evidence has indicated the important role of autophagy receptors in directing ubiquitinated or non-ubiquitinated cargos towards autophagy. Autophagy receptors bind to LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3) on phagophore and autophagosome membranes, and recognize signals on cargoes in the delivery system of autophagy. However, the diverse domains in the receptor structures determine that their roles would never be limited to autophagy. Up to date, increasing numbers of the receptor proteins have been demonstrated to serve as a molecular link or switch participating in autophagic degradation, apoptosis or cell survival signals. Here, we highlight the non-autophagic roles of these receptor proteins to draw attention to this growing research topic.
Apoptosis ; Autophagy ; Humans ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Ubiquitination

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of fat granule auto-graft in facial soft tissue depression reconstruction.Methods Autologous subcutaneous fat granules were obtained by syringe aspiration from donating site.then washed with normal saline.Small amounts of fat granules were injected into the facial sites with soft tissue depression by means of multiple passes immediately.Results We performed such fat iniection in a total of 18 cases,all of the procedures were safe and successful.In most cases,single injection were enough,only one underwent two sessions of fat iniection.All members were followed-up for 1.5 months to 24months,the average were 14 months.All facial tissue depression were reconstructed for difierent degrees.The rate of fullness and symmetry.fullness and pretty symmetry and fullness with little asymmetry were 77.8%,16.7%and 5.5%.respectively.No infection,fat necrosis or liquefaction occured.Conclusion Being satisfled in correction of deformity of facial depression.the implantation of autologous fat globules iS safe and effective with less side-effects.

In the criminal cases of driving under the influence (DUI), DNA evidence can be collected from the deployed airbag of the motor vehicle and submitted to the crime lab for touch DNA analysis. The evidence can be acquired when the skin cells are observed on the surface of the airbag in a traffic accident. However, the low quantity or quality of the evidence collected from a crime scene prevents further identification analysis in many cases. In the current study, we reported a case of identifying touch DNA extraction from the shed skin cells from the deployed airbag of a motor vehicle. We managed to collect DNA evidence from the shed skin cells in an airbag using a proper approach of collection and extraction. The 5.87 ng of extracted DNA was sufficient for genotyping and forensic identification, which helped to identify the driver of the car in collision with a pier in the street. In DUI cases and other traffic accidents, therefore, the amount of touch DNA extracted from the deployed airbag can be sufficient for DNA marker genotyping and further analysis.
Accidents, Traffic ; Air Bags ; Alcoholic Intoxication ; Crime ; DNA/analysis* ; Genotype ; Humans ; Motor Vehicles ; Skin/cytology* ; Touch

Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Pharyngeal Neoplasms ; Pharynx ; Teratoma

Objective To observe the impacts of the method of fortifying the spleen and supplementing Qi on the cellular immunity of chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)carriers.Methods Asymptomatic HBV carriers group(ASC group,n=60)with HBV DNA positive were randomly divided into Fortifying the Spleen and Supplementing Qi decoction group(A group,n=30)and conventional treatment group(B group,n=30),the peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets were detected with flow cytometey and compared with those of the healthy people(The normal control group,n=18).All the patients were treated,and 24 weeks after treatment the indexes were measured again.Results As compared with those of normal controls,the numbers of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells were decreased significantly in HBV carriers(P＜0.01);There was a statistical significance between the values before and complete the treatment with the decoction of fortifying the spleen and supplementing Qi(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and compared with conventional treatment group,there Was a statistical significance(P＜0.05).Conclusion T-cell subset function was disturbed in the HBV carriers.The method of fortifying the spleen and supplementing Qi could improve the cellular immunity of carriers with chronic hepatitis B.

Objective To investigate the effects of electromagnetic irradiation on activation of protein kinase C(PKC)and phosphorylation of glutamate receptor 2(GluR2)in rat cerebellum.Methods Sixty male Wistar rats were divided randomly into a control group and an electromagnetic exposure group(including 5 subgroups ob- served at different time points after the irradiation,eg.0 hour,3 hours,12 hours,24 hours and 72 hours after irradi- ation),with 10 rats in each group.All the rats in the exposure group were exposed to 90 mW/cm2 electromagnetic ir- radiation for 20 minutes,their rectal temperature was detected immediately after irradiation and the specific absorption rate(SAR)value was calculated,activation of PKC was detected with improved TaKai method,the level of cerebellar GluR2 expression and phosphorylation(ser880)was detected by using Western blot.Results Immediately(0 hour)after exposure,the rectal temperature of rats increased 2.99℃,SAR value was 8.66 W/kg.When compared to the control group,it was found that there was no significant difference between the exposure group and the control group with regard to all the parameters at 3,12,24 and 72 hours after exposure,except that the cerebellar PKC acti- vation and GluR2(ser 880)phosphorylation decreased significantly immediately after irradiation.Conclusion The electromagnetic irradiation has injurious effects on cerebellar signal pathway of for motor learning.

Objective To compare the effect between autologous fascia and artificial duramater in duramatral neoplas ty.Methods A total of 140 patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage who underwent craniotomy in Zhoukou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from February 2014 to May 2017 were selected.The patients were divided into observation group (n =90) and control group (n =50) according to dural repair method.The autologous fascia was used to repair dura mater in the observation group,and the artificial duramater was used to repair dura mater in the control group.The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score,activity of daily living(ADL) and the incidence of postoperative complication were compared between the two groups.Results The eusemia rate of ADL in the observation group and the control group was 98.89％ (89/90) and 90％ (45/50) respectively at three months after operation,the eusemia rate of ADL in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (x2 =6.191,P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in GCS score between the two groups before operation (t =2.362,P ＞ 0.05),the GCS score at three months after operation were significantly higher than that before operation in the two groups (t =7.123,9.612;P ＜ 0.05),the GCS score in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group at three months after operation (t =5.710,P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of postoperative cerebrospinal leak,incision infection,cenencephalocele and epilepsy was 1.11％ (1/90),1.11％ (1/90),2.22％ (2/90) and 3.33％ (3/90) respectively in the observation group;and the incidence of postoperative cerebrospinal leak,incision infection,cenencephalocele and epilepsy was 10.00％ (5/50),8.00％ (4/50),12.00％ (6/50) and 14.00％ (7/50) respectively in the control group;the incidence of postoperative cerebrospinal leak,incision infection,cenencephalocele and epilepsy in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (x2 =6.191,5.704,5.514,4.429;P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The autologous fascia is easy to suture,and there is no rejection reaction.It can significantly improve the prognosis of patients and reduce the incidence of complications in duramatral neoplasty.

Objective To analyze our clinical results of head and neck reconstruction using microsur- gical free flap transfer techniques.Methods The free flap donor sites with long vascular pedicle and large diameter of vessel were routinely chosed,and chose receipt vessels with large diameter and proper position, and perform vessel ananstomosis under surgical loups instead of microscope.The un-buried free flap with a mo- nitoring window were harvest,and do double venous anastomoses in some flaps to ensure adequate venous out- flow.Results From May 1999 to March 2005,1066 consecutive free flap transfers were used to reconstruct head and neck defects.The overall success rate of free flap was 98.3%.The vessel thrombosis rate was 3.1%,and the flap salvage rate was 45.5%.Conclusion Head and neck reconstruetion using microsurgi- cal free flap transfer technique is safe and reliable,and good clinical results can be obtained.

Objective To develop a method for content determination of sinensetin,eupatorin,and 3′-hydroxy-5,6,7, 4′-tetramethoxyflavone in Orthosiphon stamineus. Methods The determination was carried out on a Symmetry C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm) by HPLC.The mobile consisted of acetonitrile and water containing 0.05% H3 PO4 in gradient elution. The flow rate was 1 mL?min-1 ,the column temperature was 30 ℃ ,the detected wavelength was set at 365 nm, and the injection volume was 10 μL. Results The peak areas and the sample quantity of the three components presented good linear relationship in the range of 0. 50 - 5. 00 μg for sinensetin,0. 50 - 5. 00 μg for eupatorin, and 0. 05 - 0. 50 μg for 3′-hydroxy-5,6,7,4′-tetramethoxyflavone.The average recoveries were 101.26%,100.28% and 99.66%,respectively. RSD were 1.73%, 0.82% and 1.67%, respectively. Conclusion The method is proved to be simple,accurate and can be used for the quality evaluation of Orthosiphon stamineus.

Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the early and midterm results of reconstructive new tricuspid valvar annulus technique and prosthetic ring in the anatomic correction of Ebstein's anomaly.Methods 60 operations for Ebstein's anomaly were performed by the reconstructive new tricuspid valvar annulus technique,prosthetic ring was used to reinforce the new tricuspid valvar annulus,the plastic effect of tricuspid valve was observed real-time by trans-esophagus echocardiography during operation.The follow-up results of the plastic effect of tricuspid valve were studied after operation.Results Mean operation time was (3.1 ± 2.3) h,mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was (148.8 ± 44.6) min,mean aortic cross-clamp time was(112.6 ± 34.1) min.3 patients had tricuspid valve replacement because of bad plastic effect;1 patient had bidirectional shunt Glenn procedure because of right sided heart failure.Hospital mortality was 1.When the patients were discharged,tricuspid regurgitation severe 1,medium 5,mild or no 50;53 being of heart functional class Ⅰ and class Ⅱ,3 of classⅢ.45 patients (80.3 ％) were followed-up out-hospital from 6 months to 7 years,mean (24.4 ± 21.4) months.Tricuspid regurgitation severe 1,medium 6,mild or no 38.And the nice stability of tricuspid valve was found during the follow-up period,41 patients being of heart functional class Ⅰ or Ⅱ (NYHA),4 of class Ⅲ.1 need reoperation.Conclusion The reconstructive new tricuspid valvar annulus technique can maintain farthest the dimension and geometric configuration of functional right ventricle,longitudinal plication of the atrialized right ventricle can restore a large ventricular cavity,improve it's pump function,and make valvuloplasty perfect,which widen obviously the indication of tricuspid valvuloplasty for Ebstein's anomaly.The research concluded that this technique can correct anatomically Ebstein's anomaly effectively,and it can get the stable effect of tricuspid valvuloplasty obviously if use prosthetic ring to reinforce the new tricuspid valvar annulus.