Cough ; diagnosis ; Disease Management ; Humans

Objective To investigate self-management status of the DM patients,and to confirm scientifically the importance of emphasising diabetes education in the DM patients.Methods With the questionnaire on self-management status & the possessed degree of DM knowledge and the method of consulting the medical records,697 DM patients were investigated.Results There were about 47.20% of patients who did not take glycemic examination in one year.Awareness rates for the standards of blood lipids and the HbA_1C were 6.5% and 5.5% respectively.And the awareness rates for nutrition treatment principle and scientific mode of physical exercise were 30.3% and 21.8%,respectively.The prevalence of The DM complications was the highest in the cadre(29.52%) and the lowest in the peasants(3.59%).Conclusion The investigation revealed the self-management is imperfect and the DM knowledge in DM patients is insufficient.It should be accentuated for patients to take health education of DM knowledge and improve their level of self-management.

Objective To investigate the imaging findings of the lacerating injury of the lung. Methods Ten patients of lung lacerating injury were examined by X-ray and CT within 1—5 h after injury. X-ray(2—5 times)and CT(3—5 times)examinations were repeated for 7 patients.Results The lung lacerating injury involved 10 sides and 14 lung lobes(21 lesions in total)in the 10 cases,among which 1 case involved the right upper lobe with 1 lesion,2 cases in the right lower lobe with 2 lesions,1 case in the right upper and lower lobes with 2 lesions for each lobe,3 cases in the left lower lobe with 9 lesions,and 3 cases in both the left upper and the lower lobes with 7 lesions.The X-ray findings were cavity-like shadows with smooth margin in 9 lesions(9/21),and patchy shadows of fogging margin in 12 lesions(12/21).The CT imaging findings included 6 pulmonary hematomas(6/21),and 15 cavitary lesions with air-fluid levels (15/21).In the 15 cavitary lesions,CT revealed 14 single cavities and 2 small cavities within a big cavity. On dynamic follow-up observation,the cavity was the biggest in 1—5 h after injury,but the hematoma was the biggest in 2—3 days after injury.Hematomas tended to absorb slower than the cavities.After 16— 32 days,all lesions revolved into small patchy or stripe-like shadows with slightly increased density. Conclusion Cavitary lesion with air-fluid level is the characteristic imaging finding of lung lacerating injury.CT surpasses X-ray plain film in revealing the details of lung lacerating injury.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the curative effect of arthroscopic glenoid labrum repair by biodegradable anchor fixation for recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation.

METHODSTwenty-one patients of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation with the average UCLA function score of 22.3 ± 4.1 were treated with arthroscopic glenoid labrum repair by biodegradable anchor fixation. The shoulder was fixed by shoulder-elbow elastic band for 4-6 weeks and canonical exercise of shoulder joint was taken postoperatively.

RESULTSThe patients were followed up for 3-18(mean 8) months; and the average UCLA score was 32.3 ± 2.6 postoperatively. The excellent results (34-35) were obtained in 11 patients, good (28-33) in 7 patients and fair (21-27) in 3 patients. The activity of shoulder joint was normal in all patients with an excellent subjective degree of satisfaction.

CONCLUSIONArthroscopic glenoid labrum repair by anchor fixation for recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation has the advantages of less invasiveness, simpler procedure, reliable fixation, less complications and rapid functional recovery.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Arthroscopy ; methods ; Bone Nails ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Shoulder Dislocation ; surgery ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical characteristics and long-term outcome of 310 cases of thymectomy for myasthenia Gravis.

METHODSThe data of 310 patients with thymectomy were analyzed retrospectively to study the patient selection, operative techniques, perioperative management and results for myasthenia Gravis. Absolute and relative scores for clinical evaluation were used as the criteria to determine the therapeutic effects of thymectomy.

RESULTSThere were no operative death and postoperative complication rates were 8.7% (27/310). The extra anatomic thymic tissue was found in up to 38.7% (120/310) patients and thymus hyperplasia occurred in 92.9% (288/310) cases. 92.6% (287/310) postoperative patients were followed up for 3 or more months; the percentage of patients being remitted, essentially remitted, significantly effective, effective and non-effective were 7.1% (22/310), 11.3% (35/310) 40.0% (124/310), 27.1% (84/310), 7.1% (22/310) respectively. The total long-term effective rate was 85.5% (265/310). The effective rate for type I, IIa, IIb, III, IV was 90.9% (20/22), 97.6% (40/41), 95.3% (162/170), 80.6% (29/36), 77.8% (14/18) respectively.

CONCLUSIONSGeneralized typed and properly selected recurrent ocular-typed patients with Myasthenia Gravis undergoing extensive thymectomy would have good long-term outcomes.

Adult ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myasthenia Gravis ; surgery ; Perioperative Care ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Thymectomy ; methods ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: Vibrio vulnificus inside the body could activate the NF-κB signaling pathway and initiate the inflammatory cascade. The lung is one of the earliest organs affected by sepsis associated with acute lung injury. High mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) is an important late-acting pro-inflammatory cytokine involving in the pathophysiology of sepsis. It is also involved in the injury process in the lung, liver and intestine. There has been no report on the involvement of HMGB1 in Vibrio vulnificus sepsis-induced lung injury. METHODS: Sixty rats were randomly divided into a normal control group (group A,n=10) and a Vibrio vulnificus sepsis group (group B,n=50). Sepsis was induced in the rats by subcutaneous injection of Vibrio vulnificus (concentration 6×108 cfu/mL, volume 0.1 mL/100g)) into the left lower limbs. The rats in group B were sacrificed separately 1, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after the infection. Their lungs were stored as specimens, lung water content was measured, and lung pathology was observed under a light microscope. The expressions of the HMGB1 gene and protein in the lungs were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Data were analyzed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the LSD method for pair-wise comparison between the two groups.P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Compared to group A (0.652±0.177), HMGB1 mRNA expression in the lungs of group B was significantly higher at 0 hour (1.161±0.358,P=0.013), 24 hours (1.679±0.235,P=0.000), and 48 hours (1.258±0.274,P=0.004) (P<0.05), and peaked at 24 hours. Compared to group A (0.594±0.190), HMGB1 protein expression at 6 hours (1.408±0.567,P=0.026) after infection was significantly increased (P<0. 05), and peaked at 24 hours (2.415±1.064,P=0.000) after infection. Compared to group A (0.699±0.054), lung water content was significantly increased at 6 hours (0.759±0.030,P=0.001),12 hours (0.767±0.023,P=0.000), 24 hours (0.771±0.043,P=0.000) and 48 hours (0.789±0.137,P=0.000) after infection (P<0.05). Compared to group A, pathological changes at 12 hours in group B indicate marked pulmonary vascular congestion, interstitial edema and inflammatory infiltration. Alveolar cavity collapse and boundaries of the alveolar septum could not be clearly identified. CONCLUSION:Vibrio vulnificus sepsis can lead to injury in rat lungs, and increased HMGB1 expression in lung tissue may be one of the mechanisms for injury from Vibrio vulnificus sepsis.

To investigate the resources of medicinal plant, such as wild Apocynum, supervised classification based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and texture feature were used to monitor wild medicinal plants from image captured by ZY-3 and World-view-2 and compare which satellite Image are more appropriate to monitor the wild medicinal plants. The research results shows that: for more complex growth conditions wild medicinal plants Apocynum, high-resolution images Worldview-2 is more suitable for its remote identification, the low-resolution satellite ZY-3 can only recognizes the wild medicinal plants which distributed intensively. If the study target distribution is more intensive and larger scale, and cultivated type medicinal plants, the use of satellite ZY-3 in low resolution remote sensing data to identify the target can be a good choice, it is not necessary to buy high-resolution data, in order to avoid waste of expenditure, for the scattered distribution, the high-resolution satellite imagery data may be indispensable to identify targets.
Apocynum ; chemistry ; growth & development ; China ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Geographic Information Systems ; Plant Dispersal ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Remote Sensing Technology ; methods

OBJECTIVETo assess the association between leptin gene promoter methylation and serum leptin concentrations in patients with impaired glucose regulation (IGR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

METHODSMethylation status of leptin gene promoter was determined with methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. Serum leptin concentrations were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

RESULTSAmong three groups of individuals with different levels of glucose, the methylation rates of leptin gene in IGR and T2DM groups were 43.6 % and 31.5 %, respectively, which were significantly lower than that of healthy subjects (59.2%; Chi-square=22.499 and 5.109, respectively, P<0.05). A lower methylation rate was also observed in T2DM group compared with IGR group (Chi-square=3.962, P<0.05). Leptin levels in both T2DM and IGR groups were elevated compared with normoglycemic subjects, but only T2DM group was significantly higher (q=6.81, P<0.01). Linear regression analysis indicated that serum leptin concentrations has increased along with declining of DNA methylation rate (r=-0.95, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONLower levels of leptin gene promoter DNA methylation and serum leptin concentrations are associated with the development of diabetes. Measurement of the methylation status of leptin gene promoter and expression can facilitate early intervention of the disease.

DNA Methylation ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Glucose ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Leptin ; blood ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Promoter Regions, Genetic

To optimize the belt drying process conditions optimization of Gardeniae Fructus extract from Reduning injection by Box-Behnken design-response surface methodology, on the basis of single factor experiment, a three-factor and three-level Box-Behnken experimental design was employed to optimize the drying technology of Gardeniae Fructus extract from Reduning injection. With drying temperature, drying time, feeding speed as independent variables and the content of geniposide as dependent variable, the experimental data were fitted to a second order polynomial equation, establishing the mathematical relationship between the content of geniposide and respective variables. With the experimental data analyzed by Design-Expert 8. 0. 6, the optimal drying parameter was as follows: the drying temperature was 98.5 degrees C , the drying time was 89 min, the feeding speed was 99.8 r x min(-1). Three verification experiments were taked under this technology and the measured average content of geniposide was 564. 108 mg x g(-1), which was close to the model prediction: 563. 307 mg x g(-1). According to the verification test, the Gardeniae Fructus belt drying process is steady and feasible. So single factor experiments combined with response surface method (RSM) could be used to optimize the drying technology of Reduning injection Gardenia extract.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; instrumentation ; methods ; Desiccation ; instrumentation ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Gardenia ; chemistry ; Research Design ; Vacuum

AIMTo isolate and identify a glucuronide metabolite of SFZ-47 [3H-1,2-dihydro-2-(4-methyl-phenylamino)methyl-1-pyrrolizinone], which is difficult to synthesize because it undergoes hydrolysis and intramolecular acyl migration at physiological pH, in rabbit urine.

METHODSTwo rabbits were ig 200 mg doses of SFZ-47. Urine was collected for 24 h, adjusted to pH 4.0 with acetic acid and lyophilized. The residues were reconstituted in 25 mL methanol and centrifuged at 5,000 r.min-1 for 10 min. The supernatant was filtered (0.45 micron) and then isolated with semi-preparative reversed phase HPLC. The eluent collected from individual peaks was evaporated by rotary evaporation and freeze-drying. Compounds were then identified with electrospray ion trap mass spectrometry and 1HNMR spectroscopy.

RESULTSThe 1HNMR and ESI-MSn results indicate that the metabolite is the 1-O-acyl beta-D-glucuronide conjugate of 4-(3H-1,2-dihydro-1-pyrrolizinone-2-methylamino) benzoic acid.

CONCLUSIONThis method was shown to be rapid and simple and gave excellent resolution from endogenous constituents in urine, and it is suitable for preparation of the glucuronide metabolites of SFZ-47 and its analogues.

Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; metabolism ; urine ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Male ; Molecular Structure ; Pyrroles ; chemistry ; metabolism ; urine ; Rabbits ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization