OBJECTIVETo investigate the regulation trend of Jinxin Oral Liquid (JXOL) on the expression of negative regulatory factor of TLR3 signaling pathway SOCS1 in the lung tissue of RSV infected BALB/c mice at different time points.

METHODSTotally 75 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 5 groups, i.e., the normal control group, the model group, the ribavirin group, the high dose JXOL group, and the equivalent dose JXOL group, 15 in each group. Each group had 3 intervention ways (I, II, and III) with 5 mice treated in each group. BALB/c mice were nasally infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and treated by different intervention ways. After intervention, mice were killed and their lung tissues were sampled, mRNA expression levels of RSV-M, SOCS1, and IFN-β were detected by Real time PCR. The expression of SOCSl at the protein level was detected by Western blot.

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group, the mRNA expression level of SOCS1 and IFN-β, and the protein expression level of SOCS1 increased significantly in the model group intervened by intervention I and II (all P < 0.01), but the mRNA expression level of IFN-β decreased significantly in model group intervened by intervention III (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the mRNA expression level of RSV-M all significantly decreased in the high dose JXOL group and the equivalent dose JXOL group intervened by 3 intervention ways (all P < 0.01). The mRNA expression level of SOCS1 significantly decreased in the high dose JXOL group intervened by intervention I and III and the equivalent dose JXOL group intervened by 3 intervention ways (all P < 0.01). The mRNA expression level of IFN-β significantly decreased in the high dose JXOL group intervened by intervention I and II and the equivalent dose JXOL group intervened by intervention I (all P < 0.01), while it significantly increased in the high dose JXOL group intervened by intervention III and the equivalent dose JXOL group intervened by intervention III (all P < 0.01). The protein expression level of SOCS1 significantly decreased in the high dose JXOL group intervened by intervention I and the equivalent dose JXOL group intervened by 3 intervention ways (all P < 0.01), while it significantly increased in the high dose JXOL group intervened by intervention III (all P < 0.01). Compared with the high dose JXOL group, the mRNA expression level of RSV-M decreased significantly in the equivalent dose JXOL group intervened by intervention I and II (P < 0.01). The mRNA expression level of SOCS1 and IFN-β decreased significantly in the equivalent dose JXOL group intervened by intervention I (P < 0.01), but the mRNA expression level of IFN-β increased significantly in the equivalent dose JXOL group intervened by intervention II and III (all P < 0.01). The protein expression level of SOCS1 decreased significantly in the equivalent dose JXOL group intervened by 3 intervention ways (all P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSJXOL could inhibit the expression of SOCS1 in the lung tissue of RSV infected BALB/c mice at different time points. Its regulatory effect might be associated with promoting the expression of interferon type I and further fighting against RSV.

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Lung ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; RNA, Messenger ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; Ribavirin ; Signal Transduction ; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein ; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins ; metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptor 3 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the protective effect of memantine on the regulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in dichlorvos-poisoned rat brain, and to understand the mechanism of its role in organophosphate poisoning.

METHODSSD rats were administrated dichlorvos (25 mg/kg, ip) then three groups were treated with memantine at doses of 5, 15 and 45 mg/kg respectively. The activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and binding capacity of NMDA receptor with [(3)H]MK-801 were determined 16 h after dichlorvos injection.

RESULTSThe time of onset of toxic symptoms in 15, 45 mg memantine treated groups [(18.40 +/- 1.14) and (21.40 +/- 1.52) min respectively] was higher than that in dichlorvos alone group [(16.75 +/- 1.62) min]; the intensity of muscle fasciculation (1.60 +/- 1.14 and 0.80 +/- 0.84, respectively) was less than that in control group (2.85 +/- 0.37); the total score of poisoning symptoms (8.80 +/- 1.79 and 9.00 +/- 2.24 respectively) was also less than that in dichlorvos group (14.60 +/- 1.70). The AChE activities both in blood and brain of memantine treated groups were not significantly different from those in dichlorvos alone group. The affinity (Kd value) and density (Bmax value) of brain NMDA receptor in dichlorvos exposed rats [(75.55 +/- 7.87) nmol/L, (0.46 +/- 0.06) pmol/mg pro respectively] were higher and lower respectively than those in control group [(37.37 +/- 4.17) nmol/L, (0.62 +/- 0.04) pmol/mg pro respectively]. Lower level of memantine (5 and 25 mg/kg) could antagonize the dichlorvos-evoked down-regulation of [(3)H]MK-801 binding to NMDA receptor in rat brain [Bmax value: (0.55 +/- 0.07) and (0.64 +/- 0.07) pmol/mg pro; Kd value: (38.68 +/- 4.54) and (32.58 +/- 3.90) nmol/L respectively] while higher dose of memantine (45 mg/kg), the Bmax (0.45 +/- 0.06) pmol/mg pro and Kd (22.88 +/- 4.42) nmol/L of NMDA receptor were significantly decreased (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONMemantine in certain dose range could protect against the down-regulation of NMDA receptor in rat brain, and alleviate organophosphorus poisoning symptoms to some extent. The recovery of AChE activity inhibition wasn't involved in the treatment with memantine on dichlorvos poisoning, therefore, atropine and a proper AChE reactivator (an oxime) should be used clinically.

Acetylcholinesterase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Brain ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Dichlorvos ; toxicity ; Dopamine Agents ; pharmacology ; Insecticides ; toxicity ; Male ; Memantine ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between the polymorphism of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE, EC 3.1.1.8) and paraoxonase (PonE, EC 3.1.8.1), and the individuals' genetic susceptibility to organophosphates pesticides (OPs) exposure.

METHODS75 OPs exposure workers were selected to determine their BChE-K, PON-192 and PON-55 genotypes using PCR-RFLP. The accumulative symptom scores and the whole blood acetylcholinesterase activity (mmol x h(-1) x ml(-1)) were used as health index. Firstly, the health condition related to single gene site of the three gene loci was analyzed to determine which kinds of genotype were susceptible. Then, used the multiple variance analysis was to see if there existed interactions among these three gene loci. Finally, established the multi-factor linear regression equation, in which considered some other factors that might influence the health situation such as age, gender and the exposure time. According to the equation, could get the accumulative symptom scores of each kind of subpopulation of different genotypes.

RESULTSThe mean AChE activities of the exposed workers with BChE-K genotype UU (61 cases), genotype UK (12 cases) and genotype KK (2 cases) were 105.0 +/- 23.0, 84.4 +/- 16.4, 79.0 +/- 9.9, respectively; The accumulative symptom scores were 3.7 +/- 3.8, 9.2 +/- 3.0, 12.5 +/- 0.7, respectively. The AChE activities of the exposed workers with PON-192 genotype BB (37 cases), genotype AB (27 cases) and genotype AA (11 cases) were 116.8 +/- 15.1, 91.2 +/- 15.6, 72.3 +/- 21.4, respectively; The accumulative symptom scores were 2.0 +/- 3.2, 6.7 +/- 3.3, 9.7 +/- 1.8, respectively. Similarly, the AChE activities of the exposed workers with PON-55 genotype LL (70 cases) and genotype LM (5 cases) were 102.4 +/- 23.0, 82.8 +/- 22.0; The accumulative symptom scores were 4.5 +/- 4.2, 9.2 +/- 3.6, respectively. Single variance analysis showed that the accumulative symptom scores of the individuals with abnormal homozygote of these three gene loci were the highest, which indicated that they were most susceptible to OPs. Multiple variance analysis showed there were no interactions among the three gene loci. Age, gender and exposure time had no statistical significance, while genotypes of the three gene loci had statistical significance to health situation.

CONCLUSIONGenotypes of BChE-K, PON-192 and PON-55 are related to susceptibility to OPs exposure.

Adult ; Aryldialkylphosphatase ; genetics ; Butyrylcholinesterase ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; Organophosphorus Compounds ; adverse effects ; Pesticides ; adverse effects ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length

OBJECTIVETo study composition, distribution and causes of acute occupational hand injuries in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital.

METHODSFrom April 1st 2005 to September 30th 2005, all patients with acute hand injuries were investigated by questionnaire focusing on all related epidemiological elements.

RESULTSTwo thousand six hundred fifty eight cases with acute hand injuries were about 17.3 % of patients with acute orthopedic injuries. Their mean age was (30.4 +/- 10.8) years old. The radio of males to females in cases with acute hand injuries was 57:1. The cutting and crushing injuries were the main causes of acute hand injuries. Most of cases with acute hand injuries were engaged in work related to machines. The acute hand injuries were mainly involved in index and middle figures of both hands, 94.9 % of acute hand injuries were opening, and 87.6% of acute hand injuries were involved in the deep tissues.

CONCLUSIONAcute hand injuries are the common occupational severe injuries for young male workers. The acute hand injuries occur in patients engaged in work related to machines. The prevention of acute hand injuries should be emphasized.

Adolescent ; Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Female ; Hand Injuries ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Injuries ; epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the immunological mechanism of allergic dermatitis induced by trichloroethylene (TCE).

METHODSThe guinea pig model of TCE-induced allergic dermatitis was established by Guinea pig Maximization Test. The effects of TCE and its metabolites on splenic lymphocytes of TCE-sensitized and non-sensitized guinea pig were detected by MTT assay.

RESULTSFor TCE-sensitized guinea pig, the survival rate of lymphocytes cultured with TCE (+S9) was significantly higher than that cultured with TCE (-S9) (83.0% +/- 3.4% vs 75.9% +/- 7.9%, P < 0.01), while, for normal animals, the survival rate of lymphocytes cultured with TCE (+S9) was significantly lower than that cultured with TCE (-S9) (63.4% +/- 8.4% vs 77.0% +/- 7.2%, P < 0.01). The survival rate of lymphocytes cultured with TCE (+S9) in TCE-sensitized animals was higher than that in normal animals (83.0% +/- 3.4% vs 63.4% +/- 8.4%, P < 0.05), but no statistically significant difference was found for TCE (-S9) (75.9% +/- 7.9% vs 77.0% +/- 7.2%, P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONCytotoxicity of TCE to normal lymphocytes and proliferation of sensitized lymphocytes were enhanced by metabolic activation. The metabolites of TCE may act as effective immune hapten to stimulate the proliferation of hapten-specific lymphocytes in TCE-sensitized animals.

Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact ; etiology ; immunology ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; Male ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis ; drug effects ; Spleen ; drug effects ; immunology ; Trichloroethylene ; toxicity

Objective To investigate the prevalence change of drinking water type of endemic fluorosis and the effect of control measures implemented in Huangyuan county of Qinghai province. Methods In 2009, all the endemic fluorosis villages in Huangyuan county were divided into two degrees, light and medium, according to the water fluorosis content before implementing the improving water project, 1 to 2 villages were selected from each degree village, respectively,as monitoring sites, and a total of 3 villages were selected. Source water and tap water samples were collected from each village and water fluoride concentration was determined. Dental fluorosis of all children aged 8 to 12 of monitoring villages was examined, and urine samples were collected by age group of children for determination of urinary fluoride. Clinical skeletal fluorosis of adults over 16 years of age was examined, and 20 copies of adults urine samples were collected to determine urinary fluoride. One village was selected in the 3 villages monitored to conduct X-rays examination of skeletal fluorosis. Water fluoride was tested in accordance with the "Non-metallic Targets Test Methods for Drinking Water" (GB/T 5750.6-2006); urinary fluoride was tested by fluoride ion-selective electrode method (WS/T 89-1996); dental fluorosis was diagnosed using Dean method;adult skeletal fluorosis was diagnosed by "Clinical Diagnostic Criteria for Endemic Skeletal Fluorosis"(WS 192-2008). Results Twelve water samples were assayed, water fluoride was (0.35 ± 0.43) mg/L. The detectable rate of dental fluorosis of 122 children aged 8-12 was 34.43%(42/122) and the geometric mean urinary fluoride was 0.89 mg/L of the 96 children. Of the 834 adults aged 16 and over, clinical detection of skeletal fluorosis was 47.72% (398/836) and geometric mean urinary fluoride was 1.10 mg/L of the 65 cases of adult urine samples assayed, detection rate of X-rays was 31.4% (11/35) in Gangou village of the 35 adults examined.Conclusions In Huangyuan county, water fluoride of the 3 surveyed villages are normal but the endemic fluorosis is still serious. It should strengthen monitoring and analyze the causes and improve prevention measures.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the application of quantitative temperature testing (QTT) in forensic identification and clinical diagnosis of neurogenic erectile dysfunction (NED). METHODS: TSA-II-NeuroSensory Analyzer was used to measure the thresholds of four kinds of sensory, including cold, cold pain, heat, heat pain, in 22 normal and 35 NED patients at dorsal glans (DG), left thigh interior (LTI) and left thenar (LT). To calculate the relative thresholds of the sensory mentioned above between DG and LTI (DG/LTI), and between DG and LT (DG/LT). Then to analyze those thresholds and the relative thresholds. RESULTS: NED group showed significant higher threshold than the normal group in DG-heat, DG-heat pain, LTI-heat, LTI-heat pain, DG/LTI-heat, DG/LT-heat, DG/LT-heat pain (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The threshold of QTT at dorsal glans could be used as an accessory indicator in forensic medicine and clinical diagnosis of NED.
Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Erectile Dysfunction/physiopathology* ; Hand/physiology* ; Humans ; Male ; Nervous System Diseases/physiopathology* ; Neurologic Examination/methods* ; Pain Threshold ; Penis/physiopathology* ; Sensory Thresholds ; Temperature ; Thermosensing

This paper is aimed to develop a rapid and sensitive HPLC-fluorescence detection (FLD) method for the determination of tetrahydropalmatine (TET) in rats' plasma. The influence of combinations of Extractum Angelicae Dahuricae Siccum (coumarin and volatile oil) and total alkaloids (TA) from Rhizoma Corydalis (TA) on pharmacokinetics of TET in rats was studied. Plasma samples were treated with hexane-isopropanol (95:5) to precipitate the protein, and were determined by HPLC-fluorescence detection. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 2.096-167.68 microg L(-1). The limit of quantification was 2.096 microg L(-1). The method recovery of TET was 94.0%-100.0%. The extract recovery was 72.0%-81.5%. RSDs ofintra- and inter-day precisions were all less than 7.0%. Pharmacokinetics of TET in rats was fitted to two compartments open model after oral administration of TA, TA-volatile oil (VO), TA-coumarin (Cou) and TA-VO-Cou. Compared with TA, AUC(0-t), AUC(0-infinity), MRT(0-t), and MRT(0-infinity) of TET had significant deviation when combined with VO and/or Cou. The determination method is sensitive, specific, accurate, and appropriate for determination of TET in vivo. Coumarin and/or VO combined with TA can prolong the resistance time of TET significantly, delay elimination and enhance bioavailability of tetrahydropalmatine.
Alkaloids ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Angelica ; chemistry ; Animals ; Berberine Alkaloids ; pharmacokinetics ; Corydalis ; chemistry ; Coumarins ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Oils, Volatile ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rhizome ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association of polymorphisms of nucleotide excision repair genes and chromosomal damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes among coke-oven workers.

METHODSThe genotypes of ERCC1 C19007T, ERCC2 C22541A, ERCC2 G23591A, ERCC2 A35931C, ERCC4 T30028C, ERCC5 G3507C and ERCC6 A3368G among 140 coke-oven workers and 66 non-coke-oven controls were determined by PCR-PFLP methods. Chromosomal damage was detected by cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay.

RESULTSMultivariate analysis of covariance revealed that in coke-oven workers, the ERCC1 19007 CC genotype exhibited significantly higher CBMN frequency [(1.05 +/- 0.68)%] than did the CT [(0.81 +/- 0.66)%] (P = 0.01) or TT [(0.66 +/- 0.37)%] (P = 0.05) or CT + TT genotypes [(0.75 +/- 0.63)%] (P = 0.004). For the ERCC6 A3368G polymorphism, AA genotype exhibited significantly higher CBMN frequency [(1.00 +/- 0.69)%] than did the AG [(0.67 +/- 0.42)%] (P = 0.05) or AG + GG genotypes [(0.66 +/- 0.41)%] (P = 0.02). Stratification analysis found the significant association between the two polymorphisms, ERCC1 C19007T and ERCC6 A3368G, and the CBMN frequencies were most pronounced in older workers. In addition, for the polymorphism of ERCC2 G23591A, GA carriers had significantly higher CBMN frequencies [(1.40 +/- 0.63)%] than those GG carriers [(0.98 +/- 0.59)%] (P = 0.01) in older workers.

CONCLUSIONSOur results suggested that polymorphisms of ERCC1 C19007T, ERCC6 A3368G and ERCC2 G23591A were associated with the CBMN frequencies in coke-oven workers.

Adult ; Alcohol Drinking ; Coke ; Comet Assay ; DNA Damage ; DNA Repair ; genetics ; DNA Repair Enzymes ; genetics ; Dihydroxydihydrobenzopyrenes ; urine ; Extraction and Processing Industry ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; Male ; Micronucleus Tests ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; analysis ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Smoking

OBJECTIVETo study on the preparation of Streptococcus pneumoniae psaA DNA vaccine and to analyse the immunogenicity by the prime-boost strategy.

METHODSThe psaA gene was amplified from the genome of Streptococcus pneumoniae by PCR, and then was inserted into plasmid pVAX1 and pET28a to construct recombinant expression vectors respectively. 293T cells were transiently transfected with pVAX1-psaA, and RT-PCR analysis of total cell RNA extracts showed successful expression of psaA. BALB/c mices (n = 5) were intramuscularly injected with 100 microg psaA DNA vaccine for three times, and then boosted with 50 microg recombinant PsaA protein. The antibody response against PsaA was measured by ELISA.

RESULTSThe psaA gene was amplified and subcloned successfully. The constructed psaA DNA vaccine was confirmed by DNA sequencing, and the recombinant PsaA protein was purified by the one-step Ni(2+) affinity chromatography. Expression of the PsaA was observed in cells transfected with pVAX1-psaA. The animal experiment results showed that the anti-PsaA level of the DNA prime-protein boosting mice was higher significantly than the other groups (t = 87.518, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe psaA DNA vaccine was prepared successfully, and the immunogenicity of Streptococcus pneumoniae psaA DNA vaccine could be improved significantly by the DNA prime and protein boost strategy.

Animals ; Antibody Formation ; genetics ; Female ; Genetic Vectors ; Immunization, Secondary ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ; Plasmids ; Pneumococcal Infections ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Pneumococcal Vaccines ; immunology ; Streptococcus pneumoniae ; genetics ; immunology ; Vaccines, DNA ; immunology