Objective To improve the capability of diagnosing and treating renal chromophobe cell carcinoma (RCCC) and the recognition of this subtype of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods The clinical data of 15 cases of RCCC (10 men and 5 women) were analyzed.Their age ranged from 47 to 74 years,with a mean of 57 years. Radical nephrectomy was performed in all these cases. Results Postoperative pathological findings confirmed the diagnosis of RCCC.The pathologic TNM stage of RCCC was as follows:pT 1N 0M 0 in 6 cases,pT 2N 0M 0 in 5,pT 3bN 0M 0 in 2,pT 1N 2M 0 in 1 and pT 2N 2M 0 in 1.The pathologic grade of RCCC was G 2 in 10 cases and G 3 in 5.Eleven cases were followed up.During the follow-up of 2 to 31 months (mean, 19 months),1 died of heart attack,1 had local recurrence and 9 were surviving tumor free. Conclusions RCCC is a morphologically distinctive uncommon subtype of RCC.Radical nephrectomy is the first choice for the treatment of RCCC.Compared with other types of RCC at the same stage and of the same grade,RCCC has a better prognosis.

Objective To improve the level of diagnosis and treatment of non-specific ureteritis. Methods The clinical data of 11 cases of non-specific ureteritis (6 men and 5 women) were retrospectively analyzed. Their mean age was 48 years (range,24～67 years).The lesions were detected in upper part of the ureter in 1 case,in middle part in 3,and in lower part in 7.All the lesions were unilateral strictured;of them unifocal strictures were found in 9 cases and multifocal strictures in 2.Open surgery was performed in 7 cases,biopsy and double J stent insertion in 4;of the 4 cases balloon dilation was performed in 1. Results Pathological findings confirmed the diagnosis of non-specific ureteritis.During follow-up of 6 months to 2.4 years (mean,1.6 years) for 10 cases,hydronephrosis was cured in 3 cases,alleviated in 6,unchanged in 1.Of these cases,2 underwent nephroureterectomy.No recurrence and canceration were found in the ureters of all cases. Conclusions Clinically,exploratory operation and biopsy are very important for suspected disorders of ureter before performing nephroureterectomy.

Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Intestinal Diseases ; etiology ; Intussusception ; etiology ; Pancreatitis ; complications ; diagnosis ; Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch ; complications ; diagnosis

Humans ; Paraffin Embedding ; methods ; Periodontium ; pathology ; Tooth ; pathology

Objective To discuss the effect of daidzein on hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC7721 cell proliferation CD133 expression on tumor stem cell.Methods Hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC7721 cells were cultured,digested and passaged,and divided into six groups with different drug:control group with no daidzein,100 μg/mL daidzein group,200μg/mL daidzein group,300μg/mL daidzein group,400μg/mL daidzein group ,500μg/mL daidzein.The inhibition ratio,hexokinase,alkaline phosphatase and CD133 levels in SMMC7721 cell were detected and compared at 24 h,48 h,72 h among those groups. Results The inhibition ratio was increased by Daidzein dose increasing,and decreased apparently by times extending,especially in 400μg/mL and 500μg/mL daidzeingroups.Compared with control group,the hexokinase and alkaline phosphatase activity and CD133 expression were decreased apparently in groups treated with daidzein(P<0.01).The more the dose,the higher the drop(P<0.01).Conclusion Daidzein can inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC7721 cell proliferation,and inhibit CD133 expression on tumor stem cell.

?ln recent years, the number of patients with diabetes increase rapidly. Diabetic retinopathy ( DR ) , one of the complications of diabetes, is also the important aspect of current and future prevention of blindness in our country. Now, more and more scholar have noticed the important role of immune inflammation in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. ln this article, we reviewed the role of interleukin-6 ( lL-6 ) in diabetic retinopathy.

Abstract: Occupational epidemiology aims to explore the effect of occupational hazards on the health of workers and understand ， their mechanisms. It plays an important role in occupational health and occupational medicine.Currently occupational ， ， exposures in the workplace are complex and diverse and multiple factors affect workers´ health at the same time. Therefore it is important to elucidate the pathogenesis of occupational disease caused by occupational hazards and implement early - - intervention. System epidemiology collects data on multi level exposure and multi omics information to conduct network analysis - on the relationship amongrisk factors. and to study the mechanisms of exposures and health outcomes based on multi level data. ， ， ， ， Using the study design of system epidemiology occupational environmental lifestyle and social factors are combined as a ， system to evaluate the health of workers which can better evaluate the adverse health effects caused by occupational hazards. - ， ， The studies base on multi omics design will explore the pathogenesis of occupational diseases at the molecular cellular and tissue levels to evaluate the impact of occupational hazards on workers´ health and to explore interventions from multiple - perspectives to reduce the occurrence of occupational or work related diseases.

Objective To compare the effect of conventional and hyperoxia management strategy during deep hypothermia in patients with DeBake type 1 aortic dissection or aortic arch aneurysm undergoing total aortic arch replacement.Methods 32 adult patients undergoing total aortic arch replacement were randomly allocated to one of two groups(n=16 each):conventional(C)and hyperoxia group(H).The patients had no history of cerebral vascular disease.Left radial artery and dorsal artery of left foot were cannulated for monitoring of blood pressure of upper and lower limbs.Right internal jugular vein was cannulated for CVP monitoring and administration of drug and fluid.Anesthesia was induced with etomidate 10-15 mg,fentanyl 5-10 ?g?kg~(-1) and pancuronium 0.1 mg?kg~(-1) and maintained with fentanyl(total amount was＜20 ?g?kg~(-1)),isoflurane and pancuronium after tracheal intubation.Intermittent i.v.boluses of diazepam,sodium thiopental or propofol were given during cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB).Another catheter was inserted into right internal jugular vein eephalad until resistance was met.The tip of the catheter was at the level of mastoid process.The hyperoxia management involved the following steps:FiO_2 was gradually reduced with decreasing body temperature(T_0)from 70%(36～ 37℃)to 60%-40%(35.9-34℃),38%-30%(32-26℃),30%(26-24℃)and finally to 21%.When nasopharyngeal T_0 was reduced to 22℃ or 5-10 min before selective cerebral peffusion(SCP),FiO_2 was raised to 60%-100% to maintain PjvO_2＞20 mm Hg or SjvO_2＞60%.FiO_2 was maintained at 60%-100% during SCP until T_0 was rewarmed to 22℃,then reduced to 30%.FiO_2 was then gradually increased to 40%(when T_0 reached 28℃),to 50%-70% (34-37℃)and finally to 80%(T_0＞37℃).Blood samples were taken from jugular venous bulb and arterial port of oxygenator for determination of PjvO_2,SjvO_2 and PaO_2 before skin incision (T_1),at 15 min of CPB(T_2),10 min of SCP(T_3),5 min after descending aorta unclamping(T_4),5 min after left subclavian artery unclamping(T_5),5 min after left common carotid artery unclamping(T_6),anonymous artery unclamping(T_7),when nasopharyngeal To returned to 35℉(T_8)and 10 min after CPB was terminated(T_9).The awakening time and the duration of ICU stay(days)were recorded.Pre- and postoperative neurological examination and brain CT scan were performed.Results All patients survived the operation and were discharged from hospital.No new brain infarction occurred.Transient neurologic dysfunction occurred in 2 patients in group H and 3 patients in group C.There was a positive linear relationship between PaO_2 and PjvO_2 during deep hypothermia in group H (r=0.541,P＜0.01).The PjvO_2 and SjvO_2 were significantly higher in group H than in group C.The awakening time and the ICU stay were significantly shorter in group H than in group C.Conclusion The hyperoxia management strategy can provide clinical prognosis than the conventional management strategy during deep hypothermia for total aortic arch replacement by supplying more dissolved oxygen.

OBJECTIVETo explore material bases and neurobiological mechanisms of "Shen storing will" by observing learning and memory capacities and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor expressions in Shen deficiency constitution (SDC) rats.

METHODSTotally 40 SD rats were randomly divided into the model group, the Zuogui Pill (ZP) group, the Yougui Pill (YP) group, the blank control group (consisting of normal pregnant rats), 10 in each group. SDC young rat model (inherent deficiency and postnatal malnutrition) was prepared by the classic way of "cat scaring rat". Medication started when they were scared by cat. Rats in the ZP group and the YP group were administered by gastrogavage with ZP suspension 0.1875 g/mL and YP suspension 0.0938 g/mL respectively. Equal volume of normal saline was administered to rats in the blank control group and the model group by gastrogavage. All medication was given once per day, 5 days in a week for 2 consecutive months. Learning and memory capacities were detected by Morris water maze test. Expressions of NMDA receptor subunits NR2A and NR2B in hippocamus were detected by immunohistochemical method.

RESULTSCompared with the blank control group, the latency period, total distance in Morris water maze test were longer in the model group (P < 0.05). All the aforesaid indices all decreased in the ZP group and the YP group, with statistical difference when compared with the model group (P < 0.05). The protein expressions of NR2A and NR2B in hippocamus were lower in the model group than in the blank control group (P < 0.05). But when compared with the model group, they were obviously higher in the ZP group and the YP group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSSDC rats had degenerated learning and memory capacities and lowered NMDA receptor expressions. ZP and YP could up-regulate learning and memory capacities and NMDA receptor expressions, thereby improving deterioration of brain functions in SDC rats.

Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Learning ; drug effects ; Memory ; drug effects ; Pregnancy ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; metabolism ; Up-Regulation

Objective:To investigate the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in renal tissues of patients with hepatitis B virus- associated glomerulonephritis(HBV-GN).Methods:Twenty HBV-GN specimens with complete nephrology data and 10 normal renal specimens were randomly chosen for the present study.Cell apoptosis was detected by means of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated d-UTP nick end labeling(TUNEL)and the apoptotic index was calculated;immunohistochemistry was used to detect the protein expression of Bax and Bcl-2.ResuLts:The apoptotic index in HBV-GN group was obviously higher than that of the control group;the apoptotic cells were mainly distributed in the proximal and distal renal tubules and the collecting duct epithelial cells,seldom seen in the glomerular cells.The expression of Bcl-2 in HBV-GN patients was predominately present in the renal tubular epithelia cells(positive in the plasma,membrane and nuclear);the expression of Bax was found in both glomerular cells and renal tubular cells,mainly in tubular epithelial cells,seldom seen in Bowman's capsule or glomerular mesangial region.Conclusion:Apoptosis in the kidney of HBV-GN patients mainly occurs in the renal tubular epithelial cells;expression of Bax and Bcl-2 is mainly in the renal tubular epithelial cells,suggesting that the injury of tubular interstitial damage may be one of the important factors for the development of HBV-GN.