Bone Diseases ; therapy ; Bone and Bones ; physiology ; Humans ; Martial Arts ; education ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Religious Philosophies

In order to obtain the fungicides with minimal impact on efficiency of mycorrhizal symbiosis, the effect of five fungicides including polyoxins, jinggangmycins, thiophanate methylate, chlorothalonil and carbendazim on the growth of medicinal plant and efficiency of mycorrhizal symbiosis were studied. Pot cultured Glycyrrhiza uralensis was treated with different fungicides with the concentration that commonly used in the field. 60 d after treated with fungicides, infection rate, infection density, biomass indexes, photosyn- thetic index and the content of active component were measured. Experimental results showed that carbendazim had the strongest inhibition on mycorrhizal symbiosis effect. Carbendazim significantly inhibited the mycorrhizal infection rate, significantly suppressed the actual photosynthetic efficiency of G. uralensis and the most indicators of biomass. Polyoxins showed the lowest inhibiting affection. Polyoxins had no significant effect on mycorrhizal infection rate, the actual photosynthetic efficiency of G. uralensis and the most indicators of biomass. The other three fungicides also had an inhibitory effect on efficiency of mycorrhizal symbiosis, and the inhibition degrees were all between polyoxins's and carbendazim's. The author considered that fungicide's inhibition degree on mycorrhizal effect might be related with the species of fungicides, so the author suggested that the farmer should try to choose bio-fungicides like polyoxins.
Fungi ; drug effects ; growth & development ; physiology ; Fungicides, Industrial ; pharmacology ; Glycyrrhiza uralensis ; chemistry ; growth & development ; microbiology ; physiology ; Mycorrhizae ; drug effects ; growth & development ; physiology ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Symbiosis ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo discuss the risk factors of splenic arterial steal syndrome (SASS) after orthotopic liver transplantation.

METHODSTwenty-four cases who confirmed SASS after liver transplantation in Tianjin First Central Hospital between June 2005 and June 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. Another 96 cases were selected randomly from those patients of the same time with no complication of SASS patients postoperatively as control group. Clinical data of two groups including diameter of splenic artery and hepatic artery preoperatively, weight of graft, weight of recipients, cold/warm ischemia time, an hepatic period and operation time and so on were collected. Others including hepatic artery peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), blood flow resistance index and portal vein average velocity (PVF) on the first day after liver transplantation, the day before diagnosis, the day when diagnosed, the 1, 3, 7 days after treatment in SASS group and on 1, 3, 7, 9, 11, 14 days after liver transplantation in control group. Statistical analysis were made between two groups.

RESULTSThe splenic artery/hepatic artery ratio preoperatively and weight of donor liver,and the GRWR in SASS group and control group were 1.26 and 1.00, 1 032 g and 1 075 g, (1.40±0.30)% and (1.82±0.21)% respectively, with significantly statistical differences (Z=-6.40, Z=-2.22, t=-6.50; all P<0.05). The warm ischemia time, the cold ischemia time, the anhepatic period and operation time in SASS group and control group were 3.5 minutes and 4.0 minutes, 10.25 hours and 10.10 hours, 43 minutes and 45 minutes, 8.7 hours and 8.7 hours, with no significantly statistical differences (all P>0.05). RI of hepatic went up gradually in the early time after transplantation while dropped obviously when spleen artery spring coils embolization was received (P<0.01) and trended to stable two weeks later.

CONCLUSIONSSplenic artery/hepatic artery ratio and GRWR are the positive and negative risk factors respectively for SASS. The gradual rising of hepatic RI in the early time after transplantation may be the warning signal SASS and spleen artery spring coils embolization is the effective strategy for SASS after liver transplantation.

Cold Ischemia ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Hepatic Artery ; pathology ; Humans ; Liver ; surgery ; Liver Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Spleen ; blood supply ; Splenic Artery ; pathology ; Vascular Diseases ; epidemiology ; Warm Ischemia

Objective To investigate the transfection and expression of p53 genes mediated by liposome and its feasibility in treatment of liver cancer by transcatheter arterial injection on rabbit VX2 hepatocarcinoma model.Methods pCMV-myc-p53 plasmids,LipofectAMINE and p53-LipofectAMINE complex were infused into tumor's feeding artery of rabbit VX2 hepatocarcinoma model,respectively,and then protein of cancer tissue was extracted,followed by measuring gene transfection and expression by western blot and immunohistochemistry,p53-LipofectAMINE complex in different doses were infused into tumor's feeding artery of rabbit VX2 hepatocarcinoma model with the gene transfection and expression detected by the same way.Results Liposome-mediated p53 gene injected through catheter could be successfully transfected and expressed in the cancer tissue of rabbit VX2 hepatocarcinoma model,with transfection efficiency higher than the gene delivery alone.The efficiency and the gene dose has dose-effect relationship.Condusions Treatment of liver cancer by transcatheter arterial injection of p53 genes mediated by liposome is a feasible and effective method,with wide prospect of application.(J Intervent Radiol,2007,16:109-114)

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical effects of Pizhen for the treatment of supraclavicular nerve-entrapment syndrome.

METHODSFrom March 2004 to April 2006, among the 200 patients of supraclavicular nerve-entrapment syndrome, 100 patients (75 patients were male and 25 patients were female, ranging in age from 25 to 65 years, with an average of 45 years)were treated with Pizhen, 100 patients (60 patients were male and 40 patients were female, ranging in age from 16 to 63 years, with an average of 35 years) were treated with Acupuncture. The therapeutic effects of the two groups were compared.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up and the duration ranged from 6 to 12 months, 9.6 months in average. Among the patients in Pizhen group, 79 patients got an excellent result, 12 good, 8 fair, and 1 poor, and the tension exponent of soft tissues decreased from preoperative 3.56 +/- 0.35 to postoperative 2.11 +/- 0.41. In the control group, 43 patients got an excellent result, 21 good, 17 fair, and 19 poor, the tension exponent of soft tissues decreased from preoperative 3.61 +/- 0.21 to postoperative 3.13 +/- 0.56. The therapeutic effects and tension exponent of soft tissue in the two groups had statistical differences (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe clinical effect of Pizhen is better than the the acupuncture for the treatment of supraclavicular nerve-entrapment syndrome. The therapy of Pizhen is safe, good and easily to practice.

Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Brachial Plexus ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nerve Compression Syndromes ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical effects of Pizhen for the treatment of thoracic lateral cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome.

METHODSFrom March 2004 to April 2008, among the 320 patients with thoracic lateral cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome, 160 patients (105 patients were male and 55 patients were female, ranging in age from 26 to 66 years, with an average of 46.00 +/- 0.79 years) were treated with Pizhen for 3 to 7 days, and 160 patients (98 patients were male and 62 patients were female, ranging in age from 19 to 64 years,with an average of 47.00 +/- 0.35 years) were treated with massage for 1 to 2 months. The therapeutic effects of the two groups were compared based on changes of tension test of local soft tissues, local pain and tenderness.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up and the duration ranged from 7 to 12 months, averaged in 10.3 months. Among the patients in Pizhen group, 119 patients got an excellent result, 27 good, 12 fair, and 2 poor, and the tension test of local soft tissues decreased from preoperative (3.68 +/- 0.28) to postoperative (2.13 +/- 0.35). In the control group, 73 patients got an excellent result, 38 good, 40 fair, and 9 poor, the tension test of local soft tissues decreased from preoperative (3.59 +/- 0.22) to postoperative (3.17 +/- 0.19). The therapeutic effects and tension test of local soft tissue in the two groups had statistical differences (P < 0.01). The therapeutic effects of Pizhen group was better than that of the control group, and the postoperative tension test of local soft tissues of patients in Pizhen group was lower than that of the control group.

CONCLUSIONThe clinical effect of Pizhen is better than the massage for the treatment of thoracic lateral cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome. The Pizhen is effective to decrease the pressure around nerve, relax the adhesion, so as to eliminate the stimulation and compression of sensory nerve endings to relieve the pain quickly. But massage need longer course of treatment. So Pizhen therapy is safe, good and easily to practice, which is better than massage therapy.

Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Massage ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Nerve Compression Syndromes ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical effects of internal fixation with double endobutton for the treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation of Tossy Grade III.

METHODSFrom 2007.7 to 2008.12, 27 patients with acromioclavicular joint dislocation of Tossy Grade III were fixed with double endobutton. Among the patients, 17 patients were male and 10 patients were female, with an average age of (35.0 +/- 1.3) years (ranged from 23 to 60 years). Fourteen patients were injured by traffic accident, 6 patients were work-related injuries, 4 patients were sports injuries, and 3 patients were injured by falling down. Sixteen patients had injuries in the left, and 11 patients in the right. All the patients were Tossy III type dislocation without clavicle fracture. The therapeutic effects were evaluated by Karlsson criteria based on range of motion of acromioclavicular joint, pain, muscle force and postreduction X-ray.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up for 6 to 14 months, mean 10.2 months. According to the Karlsson score criteria, 24 patients obtained an excellent result, 2 fair and 1 poor.

CONCLUSIONFixation with double endobutton is to be a new method for the treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation, which has the advantages of minimal trauma, reliable fixation, early functional rehabilitation and so on.

Acromioclavicular Joint ; injuries ; surgery ; Adult ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Internal Fixators ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; Shoulder Dislocation ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the roles and differences of angiogenesis of different dermal scaffolds on wound contraction and apoptosis during full-thickness burn wound repair.

METHODSWounds were observed at different time after the collagen-sulfonated carboxymethyl chitosan porous scaffold or collagen-chitosan porous scaffold or acellular dermal matrix were respectively transplanted on wounds of full thickness burn with debridement in Bama miniature pigs. At the same time, vessels and myo-fibroblasts expressing α-smooth muscle action(α-SMA) and apoptosis in wounds of different time were detected in situ by immunohistochemical staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling. The burn wounds without any scaffold transplantation were studied as the control.

RESULTSWounds with different scaffolds transplantation were different from granulation wounds. Vessels expressing α-SMA had been increasing continuously in the wounds from 1 to 3 weeks after different scaffolds transplantation and decreased in wounds after epidermis had been grafted for 2 weeks on surface of the scaffolds transplanted on wounds for 2 weeks. Vessels expressing α-SMA were the most in the wounds with collagen-sulfonated carboxymethyl chitosan porous scaffold transplantation and the least in the control wounds without dermal scaffold at different time. Myo-fibroblasts expressing α-SMA was the least in the wounds with collagen-sulfonated carboxymethyl chitosan porous scaffold transplantation and the peak of expressions was on the 2nd week, however, the peak in the wounds with the other two scaffolds transplantation and in the control wound without dermal scaffold was on the 3rd week. Myo-fibroblasts expressing α-SMA was the most in the control wounds. Apoptosis had been increasing continuously in the transplantation wounds from 2 to 4 weeks after different scaffolds transplantation, however, apoptosis had begun to increase continuously from 3 to 4 weeks in the control wounds. Apoptosis was the most in the wounds with collagen-sulfonated carboxymethyl chitosan porous scaffold transplantation and the least in the control wounds without dermal scaffold from 3 to 4 weeks.

CONCLUSIONSulfonated carboxymethyl chitosan can promote migration of reparative cells and angiogenesis, and it can repair full-thickness burn wound fast and well.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Burns ; pathology ; surgery ; Chitosan ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Collagen ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Skin Transplantation ; Skin, Artificial ; Swine ; Tissue Scaffolds

OBJECTIVETo investigate biosynthetic and apoptotic mechanisms in repair of full thickness skin defect with collagen-chitosan porous scaffold transplantation, and to determinate differences between wound repair with the scaffold transplantation and scar healing without the scaffold transplantation.

METHODSThe full thickness skin defects were made on 10 Bama miniature pigs and the bilayer dermal equivalent (BDE) composed of collagen-chitosan porous scaffold and silicone membrane was transplanted on wounds. Surfaces of wounds were observed at 1, 2, and 3 weeks after the BDE transplantation, and so were done the wound repairs after epidermis had been grafted for 2 weeks on surface of the scaffold which had been transplanted on skin defect wounds for 2 weeks. At the same time, TGF-beta1 expressions, apoptosis and self collagen replacement of scaffolds in wounds were detected in situ by immunohistochemical staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) and picrosirius red polarized light. Wounds without scaffold transplantation were studied as control.

RESULTS1) Wounds with the scaffold transplantation were different from granulation tissue. 2) The peak of TGF-beta1 expression in the scaffold wounds was from 1 to 2 weeks after BDE transplantation, and TGF-beta1 expressions decreased continuously from 3 to 4 weeks. TGF-beta1 expressions increased continuously in the control wounds from 1 to 3 weeks and decreased on 4 weeks. TGF-beta1 expressions in the scaffold wounds on 1st and 2nd week were significantly higher than those in the corresponding control wounds, whereas, TGF-beta1 expressions in the scaffold wounds on 3rd and 4th week were significantly lower than those in the corresponding control wounds. 3) Apoptosis increased continuously in the scaffold wounds from 2 to 4 weeks after BDE transplantation, and so did in the control wounds from 3 to 4 weeks. However, apoptosis signals in the scaffold wounds on 2nd, 3rd, and 4th week after BDE transplantation were significantly more than those in the corresponding control wounds, and there was no difference between apoptosis signals in the scaffold wounds on 1st week after BDE transplantation and those in the corresponding control wounds. 4) Observation by picrosirius red polarized light method: self collagen began to synthesize in the scaffold wounds on 1st week after BDE transplantation, and scaffolds had been replaced by self collagen from 2 to 3 weeks after BDE transplantation.

CONCLUSIONSCollagen-chitosan porous scaffold plays a very important role in wound healing of full thickness skin defect. The mechanisms of wound repair by dermal scaffold are different from those by granulation and scar healing. It has a good future in repairing skin defect.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Chitosan ; metabolism ; Collagen ; biosynthesis ; metabolism ; Dermis ; Extracellular Matrix ; Female ; Skin Irritancy Tests ; Skin, Artificial ; Stents ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature ; Tissue Engineering ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism ; Wound Healing

OBJECTIVETo compare differences of angiogenesis among collagen- chitosan, collagen-sulfonated carboxymethyl chitosan porous scaffolds and acellular dermal matrix after these three different scaffolds with silicone membrane were transplanted on the wounds of full thickness burn, and the wound repair of different scaffolds with epidermis grafting on.

METHODSAngiogenesis in different dermal scaffolds, the wound surface and epidermis survival were observed in 1, 2, and 3 weeks after the three different scaffolds were respectively transplanted on wounds of full thickness burn with debridement in 6 Bama miniature pigs (total 18 pigs in 3 groups). At the same time, CD34 positive signals (neo-forming microvessels) were detected by immunohistochemical staining. The wounds without any scaffold transplantation were studied as the control.

RESULTSAngiogenesis had been fundamentally finished in 2 weeks after implantation of collagen- sulfonated carboxymethyl chitosan porous scaffold. And fundamental angiogenesis in collagen- chitosan porous scaffolds and acellular dermal matrix needed at least 3 weeks. Neo-forming micro-vessels perpendicular to wound beds with these three different scaffolds were more than those in the control wounds without scaffold. CD34 positive signals (neo-forming micro-vessels) were significantly higher in wounds at the second week than those in wounds at the first week. And those in wounds at the third week were significantly higher than those in wounds at the second week in all wounds with different scaffold transplantations and the control wounds. CD34 positive signals in the group of sulfonated carboxymethyl chitosan porous scaffold on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd week after the scaffold transplantation were significantly higher than those corresponding signals in the other three groups. Epidermis on the sulfonated carboxymethyl chitosan porous scaffold which had been transplanted on burn wound for 1 week could survive perfectly, however, epidermis on the collagen- chitosan porous scaffold or acellular dermal matrix could not survive until these two scaffolds had been transplanted on the burn wounds for at least 2 weeks.

CONCLUSIONSThese three different scaffolds could repair the full thickness skin defects caused by burn, and angiogenesis of sulfonated carboxymethyl chitosan porous scaffold is the best.

Animals ; Burns ; surgery ; Chitosan ; analogs & derivatives ; Collagen ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Silicones ; Skin Transplantation ; Skin, Artificial ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature ; Tissue Scaffolds