AIM: To observe the effect of intraocular lens ( IOL) implantation on visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in patients with cataract.
METHODS: Fifty - eight cases ( 72 eyes ) cataract patients with regular cornel astigmatism, in our hospital from May 2014 to May 2015 were randomly divided into two groups to undergo phacoemulsification and IOL implantation: the observation group: 29 cases (36 eyes) received multifocal toric IOL implantation; the control group: 29 cases (36 eyes) received monofocal toric IOL implantation. Uncorrected distance visual acuity ( UCDVA), uncorrected near visual acuity ( UCNVA), best corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA), the best corrected near visual acuity ( BCNVA ), total eye astigmatism, and the dark contrast sensitivity were observed for these patients at 1 and 6mo after cataract surgery.
RESULTS: There were no statistical significant difference between the two groups at postoperative 1, 6mo on UCDVA, BCNVA, BCDVA and total eye astigmatism(P>0. 05). UCNVA of observation group at 1 and 6mo were better than those of control group ( P <0. 05); there were statistically significant difference in high frequency comparison at the sixth postoperative months (P<0. 05).
CONCLUSION: Both monofocal toric IOL implantation, and aspheric multifocal toric IOL implantation for cataract with regular corneal astigmatism are effective to improve visual acuity. But the latter treatment would contribute to the improvement of uncorrected near visual acuity and the dark contrast sensitivity.

In this article we built formula database of health food containing Gardeniae Fructus with Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Support System (V2.0). And on this basis, use data mining method such as association rules of the software, to analyze commonly used formula raw materials or materials combination of formula containing Gardeniae Fructus and raw material application having assisted function formula to protect chemical liver injury. The result shows that of the 71 health food formulas containing Gardeniae Fructus, most used materials are Gardeniae Fructus, Lycii Fructus, Angelica Sinensis Radix, Poria and so on. Commonly used materials combination mostly are Gardeniae Fructus and Lycii Fructus, Gardeniae Fructus and Angelica Sinensis Radix, Gardeniae Fructus and Poria, Gardeniae Fructus and Paeonia. There are nearly 18 healthcare functions of the health food containing Gardeniae Fructus, and most of these are assisted functions to protect chemical liver injury, and then immune modulating function. Of 23 formulas containing Gardeniae Fructus having assisted function formula to protect chemical liver injury, Gardeniae Fructus usually combined with traditional Chinese medicine which nourishs blood and liver such as Pueraria, Lycii Fructus, Hawthorn, Paeonia and Turnjujube. Analyzing formula raw materials application of health food containing Gardeniae Fructus contributes a lot to the further development and utilization.
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; drug therapy ; Data Mining ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Food, Organic ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Gardenia ; chemistry ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods

OBJECTIVETo compare the effect of transurethral resection of the prostate combined with endocrine therapy (TURP + ET) with that of αlA-blockers combined with ET ((αlA-b + ET) in the treatment of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa), and to investigate the safety of the TURP + ET for the treatment of PCa with BOO.

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed 63 cases of PCa with BOO, 28 treated by αlA-b + ET and the other 35 by TURP + ET. We obtained the residual urine volume (RV), maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), and quality of life score (QoL) before and after treatment along with the overall survival rate of the patients, followed by comparison of the parameters between the two methods.

RESULTSAt 3 months after treatment, RV, IPSS, and QoL in the TURP + ET group were significantly decreased from (137.8 ± 27.6) ml, (22.3 ± 3.6), and (4.2 ± 0.8) to (29 ± 13.6) ml, (7.8 ± 2.1), and (1.6 ± 0.5) respectively (P < 0.05), while Qmax increased from (5.6 ± 2.1) ml/s to (17.6 ± 2.7) ml/s (P < 0.05); the former three parameters in the αlA-b + ET group decreased from (133.6 ± 24.9) ml, (21.5 ± 3.2), and (4.7 ± 1.1) to (42 ± 18.3) ml, (12.8 ± 2.6), and (2.5 ± 0.7) respectively (P < 0.05), while the latter one increased from (6.3 ± 2.4) ml/s to (11.7 ± 2.3) ml/s (P < 0.05), all with statistically significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.05). The overall survival rate of the TURP + ET group was not significantly different from that of the αlA-b + ET group (51.4% vs 46.4% , P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONTURP + ET is preferable to αlA-b + ET for its advantage of relieving BOO symptoms in advanced PCa without affecting the overall survival rate of the patients.

Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal ; therapeutic use ; Combined Modality Therapy ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; complications ; drug therapy ; pathology ; surgery ; Quality of Life ; Retrospective Studies ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; Treatment Outcome ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction ; drug therapy ; etiology ; surgery

Objective To assess the association between air temperature and emergency room visits among patients covered by medical care program from ' third-grade' hospitals in Shanghai.Methods Generalized additive model (GAM) was used to analyze time series,and AR(P) was used to deal with auto correlation of time series.After controlling factors as both medium-term and long-term trends,day of the week,vocation,typical pneumonia and pollutants,the association between air temperature and emergency room visits in virtue of quadratic curve and differential coefficient principle were estimated.Results When air temperature was below 14.71℃,the increase of 95% confidence interval to relative risk in corresponding emergency room visits along with 1℃ increase of air temperature,was less than 1.However,when air temperature was above 19.59℃,the relative risk' s 95% confidence interval was greater than 1.When air temperature varied at the range of 14.71℃-19.59℃,the 95% confidence interval of the relative risk would include 1.Hence,air temperature range between 14.71℃-19.59℃,was called the optimum temperature range.Conclusion Our findings indicated that the current air temperature had an acute impact on the number of emergency room visits among patients covered by medical care program visiting those third grade hospitals in Shanghai.

Objective To investigate the discrepancy of aldosterone synthesis process and potential regulation abnormality between aldosterone-producing adenoma(APA) and normal adrenal(NA) with microarray. Methods cRNA probes labelled with biotin were prepared from mRNA of APAs(APA group,n=10) or NAs(control group,n=7).The probes were hybridized with oligonucleotide microarray of target gene expression profile.Expression levels were read from the fluorescent intensity scanned.The difference of gene expression profile was analyzed by computer software.Differentially expressed genes were verified by real-time RT-PCR. Results Compared with control group,97 genes were up-regulated and 168 genes were down-regulated in APA group.In the genes related to steroid hormone synthesis,only CYP11B2 was significantly up-regulated.In the physiologic regulators of aldosterone synthesis,CYB5A,CYP17A1,DUSP1 and HMGCR were down-regulated,while RENBP and NR1H2 were up-regulated.As a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of cortisol,the expression of CYP17A1 gene was inhibited. Conclusion Among the aldosterone synthesis related enzyme and corresponding regulatory genes in APA,CYP11B2 may be a key synthetase,and the suppressed physiologic regulators of aldosterone synthesis may indicate the existence of neoplastic modulation.

OBJECTIVESTo establish the animal model of acute rotator cuff tear in rabbits, and study the effect of timing of surgical repair on healing of tendon-bone interface, formation and distribution of collagens in the supraspinatus tendon insertion and biomechanical properties of supraspinatus.

METHODSSupraspinatus tenotomy was performed in the right shoulder of 90 skeletally matured male New Zealand white rabbits to establish the animal model of acute rotator cuff tear. The rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups : group of early repair, repaired at 1 week after tenotomy; group of late repair, repaired at 4 weeks after tenotomy; and group without repair, used as control. At 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 8 weeks after repair, healing of tendon-bone interface was observed by HE staining. Collagens were observed by Sirius Red F 3B (SR) in saturated carbazotic acid staining. The areas of type I and III collagens were measured by using imaging analysis software and the ratio of type I and III collagens were calculated. Failure loads of supraspinatus on both sides were measured. The percentage of failure loads of the surgical side was calculated and contralateral supraspinatus were uninjured.

RESULTSThere was no obvious fatty infiltration and muscle atrophy in supraspinatus in all groups. At 8 weeks, the formation of a new enthesis of supraspinatus in groups of early and late repair were observed. In groups of early and late repair, the ratio of areas of type I and III collagens at 8 weeks (2.02 ± 0.77 and 2.06 ± 0.58) was larger than that at 2 weeks (1.10 ± 0.24 and 1.14 ± 0.50, t = 3.082, 3.655, P < 0.01). At 2, 4 and 8 weeks, the percentages of failure loads of the surgical side and uninjured contralateral supraspinatus in group of early repair(38% ± 11%, 66% ± 7%, 89% ± 4%) and group of late repair (41% ± 16%, 63% ± 7%, 89% ± 9%) were both higher than that in group without repair (14% ± 6%, 32% ± 4%, 56% ± 12%); the differences were all statistically significant (group of early repair: t = 3.311, 8.549, 5.719; group of late repair: t = 3.713, 8.063, 6.044; P < 0.01). The percentage of failure loads of the surgical side and uninjured contralateral supraspinatus at 8 weeks was higher than those at 4 weeks (t = 3.878 - 4.613, P < 0.01) and 2 weeks (t = 7.158 - 10.024, P < 0.01) in all groups.

CONCLUSIONSSurgical repair within 4 weeks of acute rotator cuff tear lead to formation of a new enthesis of supraspinatus, improvement of both ratio of type I collagen in the supraspinatus tendon insertion and biomechanical properties of supraspinatus.

Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Collagen Type I ; metabolism ; Collagen Type III ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Male ; Rabbits ; Rotator Cuff ; pathology ; surgery ; Rotator Cuff Injuries ; Time Factors

AIMTo prepare rifapentine (RIF) liposomes modified by surfactants for studying their the water-solubility, drug loading effeciency, release rate and pulmonary drug delivery.

METHODSThe film method was used to prepare RIF liposomes. Of verious RIF liposomes morphology by lauric diethanolamide (LDEA), Tween 80 and azone, the properties were studied, envolving morphology, entrapment drug release rate and dissected lung-membrance penetration rate of swine. Pulmonary delivery study was carried out through bronchoscope.

RESULTSThe particle size of RIF-LDEA liposomes was between 15 - 50 nm. The top entrapment efficiency reached 83.0%. The apparent coefficient of membrane penetration (Kp) was 44.29. LD50 was 675 mg x kg(-1) by iv.

CONCLUSIONLDEA increased the water-solubility, loading effeciency and release rate of RIF liposomes. The prepared RIF-LDEA liposomes were suitable for the treatment of pulmonary tubrculosis through bronchoscope.

Animals ; Antibiotics, Antitubercular ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Delivery Systems ; methods ; Ethanolamines ; chemistry ; Lauric Acids ; chemistry ; Liposomes ; Lung ; metabolism ; Particle Size ; Permeability ; Rifampin ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; chemistry ; Solubility ; Swine

Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Tumor Burden ; beta Catenin ; metabolism

ObjectiveTo compare the clinical results between minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar(mini-TLIF) and posterior open surgery in treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis.MethodsFrom March 2008 to August 2010,a total of 49 cases with lumbar spondylolisthesis underwent surgical intervention were retrospectively analyzed,including 23 cases with mini-TLIF and 26 with open surgery.Operation time,intra-operative bleeding,and radiation exposure times were recorded.Pre- and postoperative back pain was assessed by visual analogue scale(VAS),and lumbar function was evaluated by Oswestry disability index (ODI).The clinical results were assessed by Macnab criterion,and the pre and postoperative radiologic parameters were compared.ResultsThe mean follow-up time was 11 months(ranged,9-22).Both groups got good clinical results and satisfactory radiologic parameters.The group of mini-TLIF was superior to the group of open surgery in intra-operative bleeding,VAS of the second day postoperatively and the willingness of reoperation(P＜0.05).The ODI in the patients with open surgery were decreased from 31.2％±8.2％ to 16.1％±6.8％ corresponding to the pre-oporation and the final follow-up.The ODI in the patients with mini-TLIF were decreased from 34.4％±11.7％ to 15.3％±4.3％ corresponding to the pre-operation and the final follow-up.There is no significant difference of the change of ODI between two groups (t=0.673,P=0.412).The group of mini-TLIF need more operation time and were exposed to more X-ray when compared to the open surgery group(P＜0.05).ConclusionMini-TLIF and open surgery can both get satisfactory clinical outcomes in treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis.Mini-TLIF was superior to open surgery in intra-operative bleeding and VAS of the second day postoperatively,but it needs more operation time and radiation exposure.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes of the endogenous hydrogen sulfide(H2S) system in pulmonary hypertension induced by hypoxic hypercapnia (HHPH) in rats and approach the possible mechanisms.

METHODS20 SD rats were randomly divided into control group (C) and hypoxic hypercapnia group (HH) (n=10). The changes of hemodynamics and the right ventricle/left ventricle + septum (RV/LV + SP) were measured. The ratio of vessel wall area and total area (WA/TA) of arteriae pulmonalis were observed under lightmicroscope. By using TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and immunocytochemistry techniques, apoptosis index (AI) and expression of Bcl-2, Bax protein in arteriae pulmonalis were tested. Plasma level of H2S and activity of H2S generating enzymes in homogenates of rat lung tissue were evaluated by sensitive modified sulfide electrode method. Cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CSE) mRNA in lung tissues was determined by RT-PCR.

RESULTSThe level of mean pulmonary arterial pressure(mPAP), WA/TA and RV/LV + SP were significantly higher in HH group than those in C group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Compared with those in C group, the AI of arteriae pulmonalis in HH group were significantly lower; the expression of Bcl-2 protein increased while that of Bax protein decreased, and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 went up obviously (all P < 0.01). Plasma level of H2S, the activity of H2S generating enzymes and CSE mRNA in HH group were significantly lower than those in C group (all P < 0.01). Plasma level of H2S, the activity of H2S generating enzymes, CSE mRNA each was closely positively related to Al while inversely related to mPAP and Bcl-2/Bax (all P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe endogenous hydrogen sulfide system is closely related to pulmonary hypertension induced by hypoxic hypercapnia. The depression of the H2S/CSE system in HHPH may help increase the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax, inhibit apoptosis of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells and finally result in the formation of pulmonary hypertension.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; physiology ; Hydrogen Sulfide ; metabolism ; Hypercapnia ; complications ; physiopathology ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Hypoxia ; complications ; physiopathology ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism