A summary and analysis of acupuncture, electro-acupuncture, moxibustion, injection of acupoint, and research progress from ancient and modern related literatures on the treatment of hyper-lipemia by acupuncturingFenglong acupointwas made. It was cognized and affirmed thatFenglong acupoint has the unique superiority of definite curative effect and little poisonous side effect in treating hyperlipemia.

AIM: To discuss the clinical efficacy of fresh amniotic membrane ( AM ) during the microscopic adjustable suture surgery in children's intercommunity strabismus, in order to guide clinical treatment.
METHODS: With the clinical randomized control study (RCT), 60 (112 eyes) cases of patients in childhood who received microscopic strabismus surgery in our hospital were divided them into two different groups from Jan. 2010 to Oct. 2015. According to the application of AM on the basis of ophthalmology outpatient number, 30 cases (58 eyes) in group A were treated with rectus muscle recession surgery combined adjustable suture combined with AM. The other 30 cases (54 eyes) in group B were treated with rectus muscle recession surgery combined adjustable suture only. All patients in two groups were followed-up over 6mo after the strabismus surgery.
RESULTS:Twenty-seven cases ( 48 eyes ) of all the strabismus patients must be adjusted after strabismus surgery, and the eye position adjustment rate was 42.9%. At 1mo after surgery, eye position of 18 cases (29 eyes) can be adjusted in all patients, and 44. 8% (16 cases, 26 eyes ) in group A with the average of adjustment lengths was 2. 56±0. 64mm, and 5. 6% ( 2 cases, 3 eyes ) in group B, with the average of adjustment lengths was 0. 52±0. 28mm, the differences of the adjustment rate and the average of adjustment amount were both high statistically significant (χ2 =22.477, P<0. 01; t=16. 502, P<0. 01 ) between the two groups. Except of 3 cases who couldn't cooperate with eye position adjustment, they all received eye position adjustment in different degrees in one month after strabismus surgery,and after eye position adjustment, 27 cases (53 eyes) in group A got normal eye position, and the correction rate of eye position was 91. 4%, and 16 cases (28 eyes) in group B got normal eye position after eye position adjustment, the correction rate was 51. 9%, the differences of the correction rate were statistically significant (χ2=21. 827, P<0. 01) between the two groups.
CONCLUSION: The application of fresh AM in the microscopic adjustable suture strabismus surgery is exactly effective in treatment of children's intercommunity strabismus. It can significantly extend the adjustment time and increase the adjustment amount, and it also can statistically improve the controllability and achievement ratio for children's strabismus surgery.

The purpose of this study is to identify the electrical activity of neuron, the existence of the transition from bursting pattern to spiking pattern and the ion mechanism of the bursting pattern. The intracellular electrical activity patterns of single neurons in the stomatogastric ganglion (STG) of crayfish were recorded when the extracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](o)) or calcium-dependent potassium channel blocker tetraethylammonium concentration ([TEA](o)) were changed, using intracellular recording method. These single neurons were also functionally isolated from the ganglion by application of atropine and picrotoxin which could block the inhibitory acetylcholine synapses and glutamatergic synapses respectively. When [Ca(2+)](o) was decreased by increasing EGTA, the membrane potential of the neuron was increased, and the electrical activity patterns were changed from the resting state with lower potential value (resting state of polarization) to the bursting pattern firstly, and then to the spiking pattern, at last to the resting state with higher potential value (resting state of depolarization). When [TEA](o) was increased, the membrane potential of the neuron was increased, and the electrical activity pattern was changed from the resting state with lower potential value (resting state of polarization) to the bursting pattern firstly, and then to the spiking pattern. The duration of the burst of the bursting pattern was increased. When [Ca(2+)](o) was increased or [TEA](o) was decreased, an inverse procedure of the electrical activity pattern was exhibited. On one hand, the results indicate that a single neuron can generate various electrical activity patterns corresponding to different physiological conditions, and the regularity of the transitions between different electrical activity patterns. On the other hand, the results identify that the initiation and termination of the burst in bursting pattern are determined by calcium-activated potassium conductance, which is adjusted by intracellular calcium concentration influenced by inward calcium current. It may be the ionic mechanism of generation of the bursting pattern in a single neuron.
Action Potentials ; physiology ; Animals ; Astacoidea ; physiology ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Calcium Channels ; metabolism ; Ganglia, Invertebrate ; physiology ; Neurons ; physiology ; Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated ; metabolism

Objective To predict the monthly incidence of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in China by using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model and provide evidence for prevention and control of HFMD. Methods The monthly incidence data of HFMD in China from 2008 to 2016 were collected from the Public Health Science data Center. The incidence database was established by Excel 2007 and graphed. SAS 9.1 was used to construct the ARIMA model, based on the data of the monthly reported incidence of HFMD in China from January 2008 to December 2015, and then the data in 2016 were used to verify the predicted results. The monthly incidence in 2017 was predicted in the same way.The difference was statistically significant when P<0.05. Result The model predicting monthly incidence of HFMD in China is ARIMA ((12), 2, 0) sparse coefficient and residuals is white noise. The parameters were as follows: moted mean squared error=3.6490, mean absolute error=2.62, mean absolute percentage error=28.24%. Conclusion The sparse coefficient model could well simulate the trend of HFMD case in time series, which has good reference of early warning and prevention of HFMD.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the viral pathogens of acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRTI) in hospitalized children from East Guangdong Province of China and the relationship of the pathogens with age and seasons.

METHODSThe nasopharyngeal aspirates samples obtained from 345 hospitalized children with ALRTI were investigated for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human bocavirus (HBoV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), influenza virus types A and B, rhinovirus, parainfluenza virus types 1 and 3 and adenovirus by PCR.

RESULTSViral pathogens were detected in 178 patients (51.6%). RSV was the most frequent (19.3%). Novel viruses hMPV (3.2%) and HBoV (3.2%) were found. A highest detection rate (61.9%) of virus was found between January to March. The infants aged 1 to 6 months showed a higher detection rate (71.3%) of virus than the other age groups. The detection rate of viral pathogens was 72.6% in children with bronchiolitis, followed by asthmatic bronchitis (70.0%) and bronchial pneumonia (44.6%).

CONCLUSIONSRSV remained the leading viral pathogens in children with ALRTI in East Guangdong of China. Novel viruses HBoV and hMPV were also important pathogens. The detection rate of viral pathogens was associated with seasonal changes and age. Different respiratory infectious diseases had different viral detection rates, with highest detection rate in bronchiolitis cases.

Acute Disease ; Adenoviridae ; isolation & purification ; Child, Hospitalized ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Metapneumovirus ; isolation & purification ; Nasopharynx ; virology ; Orthomyxoviridae ; isolation & purification ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human ; isolation & purification ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; virology ; Rhinovirus ; isolation & purification ; Seasons

OBJECTIVETo compare the efficacy and safety of remifentanil with fentanyl used for intraoperative anesthesia.

METHODSFifty-four patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy or total hysterectomy were randomly assigned to remifentanil group or fentanyl group with 27 cases in each group. Anesthesia was induced with propofol (2 mg/kg) and either remifentanil (2 micrograms/kg) or fentanyl (2.5 micrograms/kg), and was maintained with inhalation of nitrous oxide in oxygen (2:1) and a continuous infusion of either remifentanil (0.2 microgram.kg-1.min-1) or fentanyl (0.03 microgram.kg-1.min-1). Depth of anesthesia, hemodynamic changes, recovery profile of anesthesia, postoperative analgesia and adverse reactions were observed.

RESULTSThe number of patients exhibited light depth of anesthesia during tracheal intubation and maintenance in the remifentanil group was significantly fewer than that in the fentanyl group (P < 0.05). Hemodynamic changes during intubation, skin incision, maintenance of anesthesia and extubation in the remifentanil group were significantly smaller than those in the fentanyl group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The time to opening eyes on command and the time for extubation after surgery were comparable between the two groups. More patients in the remifentanil group required bolus injection of morphine for postoperative pain relief than those in the fentanyl group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the aspect of adverse reactions.

CONCLUSIONThe anesthetic and analgesic effects of remifentanil are more potent than those of fentanyl. Remifentanil can offer superior intraoperative hemodynamic stability compared with fentanyl without compromising recovery from anesthesia.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Anesthetics, Intravenous ; therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Female ; Fentanyl ; therapeutic use ; Hemodynamics ; drug effects ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; Middle Aged ; Pain, Postoperative ; prevention & control ; Piperidines ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo study the expression of carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX and its significance in molecular subtyping of breast carcinomas. METHODL MaxVision immunohistochemical staining was used to examine the expression of ER, PR, HER2, CK5/6, EGFR, and CA IX in 117 cases of breast invasive ductal carcinomas.

RESULTSThe patients' age ranged from 25 to 71 years (mean 49.6 years). All the 117 cases were subclassified into five subtypes, with 66 (56.4%) luminal A, 6(5.1%) luminal B, 10 (8.6%) HER2 positive, 20 (17.1%) basal-like, and 15 (12.8%) unclassified tumors. The expression of CA IX in luminal A and basal-like breast cancers was 13.6% (9/66) and 8/20, respectively, with a significant difference (P < 0.05). Among the luminal A cancers, the expression of CA IX in tumors > 2 cm (7/27, 25.9%) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of tumors ≤ 2 cm (2/39, 5.1%). The expression of CA IX in grade 3 invasive ductal carcinoma (18/50, 36.0%) was significantly higher than that in grade 1 (2/21, 9.5%) and 2 (7/46, 15.2%) tumors (both P = 0.006). In CA IX-negative of invasive ductal carcinoma, the expression of ER and PR was 61.1% (55/90) and 55.6% (50/90), respectively; whereas in CA IX-positive cancers, the expression of ER and PR was 37.0% (10/27) and 29.6% (8/27), respectively. The expression of hormone receptors in CA IX-negative tumors was significantly higher than that in CA IX-positive tumors (for both ER and PR, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe expression of CA IX correlates not only with molecular subtypes of breast cancer, but also with the grading, hormone receptors and diameter of mammary invasive ductal carcinoma. CA IX is a relative independent marker of poor prognosis in breast cancer.

Adult ; Aged ; Antigens, Neoplasm ; metabolism ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms ; classification ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carbonic Anhydrase IX ; Carbonic Anhydrases ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; classification ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Grading ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen ; metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone ; metabolism ; Tumor Burden

BACKGROUNDIn response to the injury of the central nervous system (CNS), the astrocytes upregulate the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), which largely contributes to the reactive gliosis after brain injury. The regulatory mechanism of this process is still not clear. In this study, we aimed to compare the ephrin-B2 deficient mice with the wild type ones with regard to gliosis after traumatic brain injury.

METHODSWe generated ephrin-B2 knockout mice specifically in CNS astrocytes. Twelve mice from this gene-knockout strain were randomly selected along with twelve mice from the wild type littermates. In both groups, a modified controlled cortical impact injury model was applied to create a closed traumatic brain injury. Twenty-eight days after the injury, Nissl staining and GFAP immunofluorescence staining were used to compare the brain atrophy and GFAP immunoreactivity between the two groups. All the data were analyzed by t-test for between-group comparison.

RESULTSWe successfully set up the conditional ephrin-B2 knockout mice strain, which was confirmed by genotyping and ephrin-B2/GFAP double staining. These mice developed normally without apparent abnormality in general appearance. Twenty-eight days following brain injury, histopathology revealed by immunohistochemistry showed different degrees of cerebral injuries in both groups. Compared with wild-type group, the ephrin-B2 knockout group exhibited less brain atrophy ratio for the injured hemispheres (P = 0.005) and hippocampus (P = 0.027). Also the wild-type group demonstrated greater GFAP immunoreactivity increment within hippocampal regions (P = 0.008).

CONCLUSIONSThe establishment of conditional ephrin-B2 knockout mice provides us with a new way to explore the role of ephrin-B2 in astrocytes. Our findings revealed less atrophy and GFAP immunoreactivity in the knockout mice strain after traumatic brain injury, which implied ephrin-B2 could be one of the promoters to upregulate gliosis following brain injury.

Animals ; Atrophy ; Brain ; pathology ; Brain Injuries ; complications ; pathology ; Ephrin-B2 ; deficiency ; physiology ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; Gliosis ; etiology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of hepatic artery embolization on the microwave coagulated area, an in vivo animal experiment.

METHODSTwenty-four suitable hepatic lobes of ten dogs were divided into two groups: microwave coagulation alone 12 lobes (control group) and hepatic artery occlusion with iodized oil and gelatin sponge particles followed by microwave coagulation 12 (experiment group). Microwave coagulation was delivered with an output of 50 W for 300 or 400 seconds with thermal needles introduced parallel to and 5 approximately 20 mm from the puncture needle. After sacrifice of the dogs, their hepatic lobes were sectioned along the puncture line. Then, the appearance and size of the coagulated area were recorded. The tissue specimens were fixed in formalin for light microscopic evaluation.

RESULTSA decline in temperature gradient was detected from the center to the periphery of the affected tissue after the application of microwave coagulation, which was sharper in the control group than in the experimental group. Single polar microwave coagulation at 50 W for 300 seconds produced a necrotic volume of 25 approximately 33 mm in longitudinal diameter and 13 approximately 22 mm in transverse diameter in control group, 33 approximately 44 mm and 24 approximately 32 mm in the experimental group. The coagulation area was slightly bigger when the duration of coagulation was 400 seconds than 300 seconds, without significant difference.

CONCLUSIONHepatic artery occlusion, inhibiting the heat loss caused by hepatic arterial blood flow, is able to significantly enlarge the necrotic volume of microwave coagulation.

Animals ; Dogs ; Electrocoagulation ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Female ; Hepatic Artery ; Liver ; pathology ; Liver Neoplasms ; therapy ; Male ; Microwaves ; therapeutic use

BACKGROUNDParkinson's disease (PD) is an autosomally inherited neurodegenerative disease in elderly people. The etiology of PD has long been thought to be associated with both genetic and environmental factors. To explore potential genetic risk factors for PD in the northern Han Chinese population, we investigated three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs4538475, rs11107 and rs12564040) in the BST1, PARK15 and PARK9 genes.

METHODSGenomic DNA from 215 PD patients and 212 matched controls was amplified in two independent PCR systems and subsequently genotyped by digestion with the endonuclease PstI. Genetic parameter and association studies were carried out with SPSS 13.0 and PLINK 1.07 software.

RESULTSWe could accurately detect all genotypes in the three loci with the PCR-RFLP or mismatched PCR-RFLP techniques. The observed heterozygosities of the rs4538475 and rs11107 loci in PD and control groups ranged from 0.460 - 0.481 and 0.410 - 0.441, in BST1, PARK15 respectively, while we detected no heterozygosity at the rs12564040 locus in PARK9. The similar distributions of genotypic frequency between both groups suggest that the three SNPs investigated in this study are unlikely to play roles as common risk factors or pathogenic mutations for PD in northern Han Chinese.

CONCLUSIONThe SNPs investigated in the BST1, PARK15 and PARK9 genes associated with PD susceptibility are not associated with PD in the northern Han Chinese population.

ADP-ribosyl Cyclase ; genetics ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antigens, CD ; genetics ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; F-Box Proteins ; genetics ; Female ; GPI-Linked Proteins ; genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parkinson Disease ; genetics ; Parkinsonian Disorders ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; genetics ; Young Adult