OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of using polytetraflouroethylene (e-PTFE) tube with self-Schwann cells implanted to repair facial nerve defect.

METHODSEnzymatic digest method was used to get pure Schwann cells in short time. The e-PTFE membrane tube was used to bridge the 1.0 cm defect of facial nerve and pure self-Schwann cells were injected into the tube. As control group, the e-PTFE tube without self-Schwann cells was used in the same way. Electric physiological and histological examinations were taken in different times.

RESULTSThe effect of nerve regeneration of the experimental group was better than control group at any time. The nerve conduction velocity of the experimental group was 29.70 m/s in the 16th week, while the control groups was 23.00 m/s respectively at the same time.

CONCLUSIONIt is possible to obtain sufficient active Schwann cells by enzymatic digest method. Using e-PTFE tube to bridge the defect of facial nerve with self-Schwann cells implanted can get effect of nerve regeneration.

Facial Nerve ; Humans ; Nerve Regeneration ; Schwann Cells

The ancient teacher-disciple tradition is regarded as one of the most celebrated practices within the Chinese medicine world. Such traditions of secrecy, private wisdom and honor are deeply rooted in the theories of Confucianism. This paper only explores the surface of this ancient culture, by investigating relevant popular ancient texts and common Chinese proverbs, as well as utilizing personal experiences, in order to reflect on how the ancient Chinese perceived such practices within their own society and how secret teaching was passed on from teacher to student, including the revelation of secret formulas and their importance and how that tradition differs from our modern-day perspectives. Various rare manuscripts from the author's personal library are employed in order to provide relative examples of the importance of secret knowledge, and how these secrets applied in the traditional healing.
Culture ; Drug Prescriptions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Knowledge ; Manuscripts as Topic ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Students ; Teaching

Seven emotions generation relates to the interaction between individual and external objective matters,which is accompanied with interaction between internal desire and external matters.The activity of seven emotions bases on essence of zang-fu organs,being regulated by five zang viscera.Heart is the upstream controller,liver is the key organ to maintain normal emotionds,spleen and stomach is the hub of emotional activities,lung is the auxiliary organ, kidney is origin of emotional generation.Five zang viscera's cooperation and interaction generate the seven emotions.

AIMTo investigate the changes of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in rat brain regions with chronic immobilization stress and the influence of Chinese herbs.

METHODSWe copied the rat model of chronic immobilization stress (180 min daily, repeated 7 days or 21 days), and characterized the changes of GR in hippocampus CA1, cortex, dentate gyrus via immunohistochemistry integrated image analysis.

RESULTSThe contents of glucocorticoid receptors in hippocampus CA1 , cortex, dentate gyrus were increased and the intensity of immunity reaction was significantly stronger in the model group of 7 days than that in the normal control group (P < 0.05). The contents of GR were significantly decreased and the intensity of immunity reaction was weaken in the model group of 21 days (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONCompared with the model group of 21 days, the contents of GR were significantly increased and immunity reaction was intensified in three groups of treatment with Chinese herbs (P < 0.05), in which the group treated with soothing-liver herbs Xiaoyaopowder was the best.

Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Restraint, Physical ; Stress, Physiological

0.05). Compared with model group, levels of DA and DOPAC in striatum reduced in Xieqing group (P

·AIM: To investigate the preparation of endostatin protein and its biologic activity on vascular endothelial cell.· METHODS: pBlast-hEndostatin and pBlast-Mcs were identified by digesting with Nhe Ⅰ and Sal Ⅰ, by PCR reaction, by sequencing, and by Alignments of PCR products with gene bank using NCBIBLAST software. The identified pBlast-hEndostatin as well as pBlast-Mcs were then purified with QIAGEN Endofree plasmid maxi kit.The purified plasmids transfected human fibroblasts. The expression of endostatin was detected by RT-PCR, Westem-Blot and immunohistochemistry. The endostatin prorein produced by transfected fibroblasts was purified by ultrafiltration and affinity chromatography. The inhibitory action of endostatin on human umbilical vein endothelium was measured by MTT assay.· RESULTS: pBlast-hEndostatin was found to contain human endostatin gene. Endostatin protein was produced by transfected fibroblasts. The inhibitory ratio of 2.5,5,10,20,40,80mg/L endostatin on human umbilical vein endothelium for 48h were 8.5%,13.1%,27.7%,38.1%,56.7%,63.8% respectively. IC50 value was 34.5mg/L.No inhibition action was found on fibroblasts.·CONCLUSIONS: Endostatin protein can be produced by the transfected fibroblasts. The produced endostatin has inhibitory action on human umbilical vein endothelium and has no inhibition action on fibroblasts.

OBJECTIVETo provide a scientific basis for systematic research on the mechanism of chronic immobilization stress (CIS) induced metabolic network change in rats, through detecting the changes of endogenous metabolites in rats with CIS, treated or un-treated with Xiaoyao Powder (XYP), for determining the small molecule marker compound that closely associated with the metabonomical specificity of CIS and acting mechanism of XYP.

METHODSThirty-six experimental male SD rats were divided into 3 groups, the normal control group, the model group and the XYP group. And all the three groups were subdivided into two subgroups respectively on day 7 and day 21 of the experiment. The stress rat model of CIS was made by chronic restraining method for 3 h every day. Starting from the first day of modeling, XYP 3.854 g/kg in volume of 1 mL/100 g body weight was administered 1 h before restraining via gastrogavage to rats in the XYP group, while equal volume of distilled water was given to rats in the other two groups instead. Blood samples were collected on the 8 th day and 22 th day for detection in the following procedure: at 27 degrees C, 300 microL supernate of blood plasma was taken, calling the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) and longitudinal eddy-delay (LED) sequence respectively on a Fourier variable nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer, pre-saturated inhibition of the water peak was performed; free induction decay (FID) signals were transferred via 32 k Fourier transformation to gain one-dimensional NMR spectrogram; by taking TSP as the chemical migration reference peak, the segmental integral calculus (0.04 ppm per segment) was performed from 4.5 - 0.5 ppm (CPMG) and 6.0 - 0 ppm (LED) within the peak ranges in 1H spectra using the VNMR software; after normalization, centering and scaling were conducted on data, then used for pattern recognition of principal component analysis (PCA) using the SIMCA-P 10.0 software, or if necessary, the partial least squares discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) was performed.

RESULTS(1) The metabolites in the model group were significantly different from those in the control group, suggesting that the animal model was successfully established with the metabolic network different to that of control. The model group and the XYP group could be differentiated from the control group by the differences of metabolites and metabolic networks between groups; XYP could intervene the metabolites or the metabolic path to cause changes in final metabolites. (2) The serum contents of lactic acid (1.4, 4.16), choline (3.24), N-acetylgalactosamine (NAC) and saturated fatty acids (1-3) increased, but unsaturated fatty acids (1.99,4-5), blood sugar (34), HDL (0.83), etc. reduced in the CIS rats. XYP showed obvious regulatory effects on final metabolites, causing decrease of lactic acid, choline, NAC, saturated fatty acids and blood sugar, and increase of unsaturated fatty acids, blood sugar, HDL, 3.44 ppm compound, etc.

CONCLUSIONSThe metabolic phenotype in CIS rats includes the increase of lactic acid, choline, NAC, saturated fatty acid, and the decrease of blood sugar contents, unsaturated fatty acid, HDL, 3.44 ppm compound, etc., these may be the markers of the metabolites. The final metabolites changes induced by CIS are primarily the lipid substances. XYP markedly regulates the contents of final metabolites, showing the regulatory effects on final metabolites, but what is the metabolite or metabolic pathways it interferes to alter the final metabolites should be confirmed by further studies.

Animals ; Blood Chemical Analysis ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Male ; Metabolomics ; Powders ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stress, Physiological ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo observe the changes of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor subunit and related regulatory protein mRNA expression in the hippocampus and amygdala in immobilization stressed rats and effect of Xiaoyaosan (XYS) on them.

METHODSImmobilization model rats were established by binding for 3 h per day and intervened with XYS, the expression of AMPA receptor subunit (GluR1-4), N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor (NSF) and protein interacting with C-kinase 1 (PICK1) mRNA expression in model rats' CA1 and CA3 regions of hippocampus, dentate gyrus and amygdala were detected on day 7 and day 21 after modeling.

RESULTSOn day 7, expression of GluR1 mRNA was significantly decreased in CA1 region (P < 0.05) and increased in CA3 region and amygdala (all P < 0.05); expression of GluR2 and GluR3 mRNA in amygdala (all P < 0.05) and GluR4 mRNA in CA1 region (P < 0.01) significantly increased, but the expression of NSF and PICK1 mRNA in amygdala only showed an increasing trend. XYS showed effective regulation on GluR4 mRNA in CA1 region (P < 0.01) and GluR1-3 mRNA expression (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) in amygdala. On day 21, the expression of GluR4 mRNA in CA1 region (P < 0.05) and GluR2 mRNA in dentate gyrus (P < 0.05) markedly lowered and expression of GluR1 mRNA in amygdala increased (P < 0.01); XYS significantly regulated the expression of GluR1 and GluR4 mRNA in CA1 region (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONRepeated stress in a short time shows effect on expression of AMPA receptor subunit mRNA stronger than chronic stress. The regulation of XYS to AMPA receptor subunit mRNA expression were obvious in hippocampal CA1 region and amygdala.

Amygdala ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Animals ; Carrier Proteins ; genetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; N-Ethylmaleimide-Sensitive Proteins ; genetics ; Nuclear Proteins ; genetics ; Protein Subunits ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, AMPA ; genetics ; Restraint, Physical ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Stress, Psychological ; physiopathology

Objective: To investigate the correlation between skip metastasis of neck lymph node and clinicopathological features in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Methods: Totally 272 papillary thyroid carcinoma patients with lateral lymph node metastases who received surgical procedure at Department of Thyroid Surgery, the First Hospital of the Jilin University from January 2014 to June 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 105 male and 167 female patients, aging from 16 to 73 years with a mean age of (42±8) years. There were 29 patients (10.7%) with skip metastasis. And then the correlation between skip metastasis of neck lymph node and clinicopathological features was analyzed by χ² test and multivariate Logistic regression test. Results: The rate of skip metastasis in all patients was 10.7% (29/272). By summarizing the distribution of the lateral lymph nodes about the patients with skip metastasis, 16 cases metastasized in single level (55.2%), meanwhile 6 in two levels (20.7%) and 7 in three levels (24.1%). Strong correlation between age, tumor location and skip metastasis was found using χ² test (χ² values were 14.056 and 21.362 respectively, both P values were 0.000). Age (>45 years) (OR=4.318, 95% CI: 1.767 to 10.552, P=0.001), microcarcinoma (OR=2.623, 95% CI: 1.013 to 6.795, P=0.047)and the tumor located in the upper of the thyroid (OR=11.982, 95% CI: 2.533 to 56.173, P=0.002) were risk factors to the skip metastasis through multivariable Logistic regression analysis. Conclusions Age >45 years old, microcarcinoma or tumor located in the upper part of the thyroid gland was more likely present with skip metastasis. Skip metastases are often involved in the lateral multi-level. Therefore, confronted patients with one of these risk factors, the occurrence of skip metastasis should be awared when the lateral lymph node was large abnormally. Accordingly, it may be appropriate to extend the indications of fine needle aspiration for lateral lymph node in order to prevent missed diagnosis.