It was widely believed that the interaction between rice and rice blast fungus can be interpreted by the gene-for-gene hypothesis. Two interaction models between rice blast fungus and anti-disease genes had been briefed. They were receptor-ligand model and guard model. The progress of research about molecular marker and position on avirulence genes of the pathogens of rice blast (Magnaporthe oryzae) was reviewed, and the methods to clone and the cloned avirulence genes of rice blast fungus were also summarized.

Objective To explore the role of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1) during renal senescence by using human TIMP-1 transgenic mice.Methods Renal histological changes of wild type mice and transgenic mice at the age of 3,12,24 months were observed by periodic acid-schiff(PAS)staining of paraffin sections.The numbers of F4/80 positive cells were detected by immunofluoreseence.The protein expressions of TIMP-1,TIMP-2,matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-9,MMP-2,intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1),transforming growth factor?1(TGF-?1),collagenⅢand collagenⅣwere detected by Western blot.The activities of gelatinases and TIMP-1 were examined by gelatin zymography and reverse zymography respectively.Results Focal renal fibrosis was found in two genotypes with aging.At the age of 24 months,compared with wild type,in kidneys of transgenic type,the expressions and activities of gelatinases were dowregulated (MMP-2:2.08?0.20 vs.3.39?0.43;MMP-9:4.02?0.82 vs.6.72?1.40,all P＜0.05);the expressions of collagenⅢ,collagenⅣ,ICAM-1,and TGF-?1 were upragulated(0.72+0.11 vs.0.57?0.09;0.84?0.13 vs.0.6?0.11,0.72?0.12 vs.0.53?0.07; 0.69?0.12 vs.0.45?0.09,all P＜0.05),and the numbers of F4/80 positive cells were increased (18.8?4.4 vs.12.7?3.6,P＜0.05)with the upregulated expression and activity of TIMP-1(1.10?0.18 vs.0.62?0.09;50.75?7.25 vs.20.64?3.50,P＜0.05).Conclusions TIMP-1 could promote age-related renal fibrosis through enhancing inflammation reaction by ICAM-1 upregulation.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Yanghe Huayan Decoction (YHD, a representative recipe for warming yang mass dissipating) in inhibiting precancerosis of breast cancer (PBC) and on the protein and mRNA expression of ki67.

METHODSThe PBC rat model was established by dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA), and 9 weeks later rats were randomly divided into the blank control group, the model group, the YHD group, the Sanjie Huatan Decoction group (SHD), the Pingxiao Tablet group (PT), and the tamoxifen group. Rats in the model group were administered with water by gastrogavage. Rats in the YHD group received YHD (deglued antler powder 12 g, prepared rhizome of rehmannia 9 g, cassia bark 6 g, white mustard seed 3 g, zedoary root 12 g, appendiculate cremastra pseudobulb 15 g, chekiang fritillary bulb 9 g, licorice root 6 g) at the daily dose of 7.2 g/kg by gastrogavage. Rats in the SHD group received SHD (oldenlandia diffusa 15 g, Scutellaria Barbata 15 g, Trichosanthes Kirilowii 15 g, pinellia 9 g) at the daily dose of 5.4 g/kg by gastrogavage. Rats in the PT group received PT at the daily dose of 144 mg/kg by gastrogavage. Those in the tamoxifen group received tamoxifen at the daily dose of 4 mg/kg by gastrogavage. Pathomorphological changes of the breast tissue were observed by HE staining. The positive rate and the gray value of ki67 expression were detected by immunohistochemical assay. And the expression of ki67 mRNA was detected by q-PCR.

RESULTSCompared with the model group, the general hyperplasia and the occurrence rate of precancerous lesion were higher and the occurrence rate of invasive carcinoma was lower in each treatment group (P < 0.05). Except the SHD group, the intensity of ki67 grey value increased in each treatment group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Except the PT group, the positive rate of ki67 and mRNA expression of ki67 increased in the rest treatment groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the YHD group, there was no statistical difference in the occurrence rate of infiltration or the occurrence rate of precancerous lesion (P > 0.05). The positive rate of ki67 expression and mRNA expression of ki67 increased in the PT group, showing statistical difference (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSYHD could partially inhibit and reverse canceration of breast cancer. It also could inhibit ki67 protein and mRNA expression. Its effect was similar to tamoxifen and superior to PT. So it was suitable for prevention and treatment of precancerous lesion of breast cancer.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Ki-67 Antigen ; metabolism ; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Precancerous Conditions ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

This research aimed at studying the effects of irrigation and rhizome length on the survival of ratio, yield and quality of Glycyrrhiza uralensis in wild tending condition. Employed the split-block design to carry out the field experiment, sampled with the quadrat method to measured the relative growth indexes and to estimate the yield, used the HPLC (high performance liquid chromatog- raphy ) method to measure the glycyrrhizin in the rhizome and adventitious root of the G. uralensis in this study. The quantity of the adventitious roots and the survival ratio were increased significantly as the length of the rhizome increased (P < 0.01), but the length of the rhizome had no remarkable effect on the content of glycyrrhizin. The average content of the glycyrrhizin in the adventitious root and rhizome could reach 3.03% and 2.12% after 3-year wild tending, respectively, and this results indicated that the quality of the glycyrrhiza using this method was much better than that from cultured glycyrrhiza with the reproducing method of seeding. so using the rhizome as reproductive material to produce the glycyrrhiza under the wild tending condition could get the high quality glycyrrhiza quick- ly and steadily, this phenomenon could be explained by the Hypothesis of synthetic inertia of the medicinal components from the wild material of G. uralensis. But the maximum yield with this method was just more than 945 kg x hm(-2) in this study. So the further work of how to increase the yield in the practical application with the method found in this study need to be done in the next research.
Agricultural Irrigation ; Culture Techniques ; methods ; Glycyrrhiza uralensis ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Glycyrrhizic Acid ; metabolism ; Rhizome ; growth & development ; Survival Analysis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the feasibility of reducing THM precursors and controlling bromate taste and odor in drinking water taken from the Yellow River by an ozonation combined system.

METHODSThe appropriate ozone dosage was determined, and then the changes of TOC, UV254 and THM formation potential (THMFP) in the combined system were evaluated.

RESULTSOne mg/L ozone could effectively remove taste and odor and meet the maximum allowable bromate level in drinking water. The pre-ozonation increased THMFP, but the conventional treatment system could effectively reduce the odor. The bio-ceramic filter could partly reduce CHCl3FP, but sometimes might increase CHCl2BrFP and CHClBr2FP. The biological activated carbon (BAC) filter could effectively reduce CHCl3FP and CHCl2BrFP, but increase CHClBr2FP. Compared with other filters, the fresh activated carbon (FAC) filter performed better in reducing THMFP and even reduced CHClBr2FP.

CONCLUSIONThe combined system can effectively reduce taste, odor, CHCl3FP, and CHCl2BrFP and also bring bromate under control.

Bromates ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; China ; Chlorine ; Humans ; Odorants ; analysis ; prevention & control ; Ozone ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Rivers ; chemistry ; Taste ; Trihalomethanes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Water Supply ; analysis ; standards

Animals ; Antibodies, Bacterial ; blood ; Bacterial Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; Brucella Vaccine ; immunology ; Brucella abortus ; immunology ; Female ; Immunization ; Interferon-gamma ; biosynthesis ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Periplasmic Binding Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; Ribosomal Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; Vaccines, DNA ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo observe the therapeutic effect and to explore the best opportunity of acupuncture on spontaneous facial paralysis in acute stage.

METHODSBy prospective cohort study, 80 patients were divided into an observation group (n = 59) and a control group (n = 21). The course of disease was less than 5 days in the observation group and more than 7 days in the control group and had not received acupuncture treatment. They were all treated with acupuncture at Sibai (ST 2), Dicang (ST 4), Jiache (ST 6) and Cuanzhu (BL 2) etc. for 8 weeks. The facial nerve function grading (House-Brackmann, HB) and facial disable index (FDI) before treatment, 8 days after onset, 2, 4, 6, 8 weeks and 3 months after treatment were evaluated.

RESULTSBoth two groups could decrease HB grading and increase FDI score (all P < 0.05), and the observation group was superior to the control group in improvement degree (all P < 0.05). The cured rate of 86.4% (51/59) in the observation group was superior to that of 76.2% (16/21) in the control group, with significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the treatment time of cured patients in the observation group was shorter [(25.98 +/- 11.25) days vs (39.31 +/- 13.07) days, P < 0.01], and the incidence of sequelae of 5.1% (3/59) in the observation group was lower than that of 9.5% (2/21) in the control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture can improve the therapeutic effect, shorten the treatment course and reduce the sequelae incidence of spontaneous facial paralysis in acute stage.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Facial Paralysis ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVEThe recombinant adenovirus vector carrying p14ARF gene was constructed for using in the interference therapy in signal transduction of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

METHODSThe total cDNA fragment of p14ARF was cloned into the shuttle plasmid pAdTrack-CMV, with the resultant plasmid and the backbone plasmid pAdEasy-1, the homologous recombination took place in the E.Coli BJ5183 and the recombinant adenoviral plasmid was generated. The adenoviruses were packaged and amplified in the 293 cells. Then the viral titer was checked by GFP.

RESULTSThe recombinant adenovirus vector carrying p14ARF was constructed successfully. The viral titer was 2.3 x 10(9).

CONCLUSIONThe recombinant adenovirus vector could introduce p14ARF gene into the laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma line or tumor tissue effectively, which would provide experimental basis for the mechanisms and further study of the interference therapy in signal transduction of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Adenoviridae ; Cell Cycle ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Plasmids ; Recombination, Genetic ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF

Objective To explore the relationship between -262C/T and -21A/T polymorphisms of catalase(CAT) gene and coal-burning borne fluorosis. Methods In 2007, 150 villagers were taken as a nonintervention group in Bijie city from the village of coal-burning borne fluorosis areas with unchanged cooking stoves;150 villagers were taken as the intervention group from the town of Changchun county where cooking stoves changed; 150 villagers were taken as control from non-endemic fluorosis areas in Baiyun town of Changshun county.PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism were employed to detect genotypes of CAT-262C/T and CAT-21A/T polymorphism of CAT gene. Results The genotypic frequencies of CAT-262C/T and CAT-21A/T in nonintervention group,intervention group and control group were in line with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium law (P＞ 0.05 ).The genotypes of CC and CT were detected while no TT were detected for CAT-262C/T polymorphism; the genotypes of AA, AT and TT were detected for CAT-21A/T. The genotype frequencies of CAT-262 CC, CT in control group, intervention group and non-intervention group were (89.33%(134/150), 10.67%(16/150); 88.67%(133/150), 11.33% (17/150),93.33% (140/150),6.67% (10/150), respectively. The gene frequency of C in control group, intervention group and non-intervention group were (94.67% (284/300), 94.33% (283/300),96.67%(290/300), respectively. The gene frequency of T in control group, intervention group and non-intervention group were 5.33%(16/300), 5.67%(17/300), 3.33%(10/300), respectively. The genotype frequencies of CAT-21 AA,AT and TT in control group, intervention group and non-intervention group were 48.67%(73/150),46.00%(69/150),5.33%(8/150) ,52.67%(79/150) ,38.00%(57/150) ,9.33% (14/150) ,51.33%(77/150) ,38.00%(57/150), 10.67%(16/150), respectively. The gene frequency of A in control group, intervention group and non-intervention group were 71.67%(215/300),71.67%(215/300),70.33%(211/300), respectively. The gene frequency of T in control group, intervention group and non-intervention group were 28.33% (85/300),28.33% (85/300),29.67% (89/300),respectively. CAT-262C/T and CAT-21A/T genotype and allele frequencies in the control group, the intervention group and non-intervention group showed no significant differences in the distribution(x2= 0.331,0.336, all P ＞0.05 ). Conclusion CAT-262C/T and CAT-21A/T polymorphism is not associated with coal-burning borne fluorosis.

Objective To study the effects of coal burning related endemic fluorosis on body development and intelligence levels of fluorosic children in Zhijin county.Methods One hundred and seventy-six fluorosic children and 50 healthy(without fluorostic teeth) children aging 7-12 years who were sampled in cluster sampling were examined for urine fluorosis,physical examination and intelligence tests in Zhijin county,with coal burning pollution related fluorosis.Results Physical development of sick children and the children in control group were in low levels. The intelligence levels and the leves of urine fluorosis in study group were lower than those in control group and there was a significant difference(P