A study was made on the pharmacokinetic regularity of effective components salvianolic acid B and ferulic acid in Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (SMRR) and Chuanxiong Rhizoma(CR) in rats, so as to discuss the compatibility mechanism of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Chuanxiong Rhizoma. Rats were randomly divided into three groups and intravenously injected with 50 mg x kg(-1) salvianolic acid B for the single SMRR extracts group, 0.5 mg x kg(-1) ferulic acid for the single CR extracts group and 50 mg x kg(-1) salvianolic acid B + 0.5 mg x kg(-1) ferulic acid for the SMRR and CR combination group. The blood samples were collected at different time points and purified by liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate. With chloramphenicol as internal standard (IS), UPLC was adopted to determine concentrations of salvianolic acid B and ferulic acid. The pharmacokinetic parameters of salvianolic acid B and ferulic acid were calculated with WinNonlin 6.2 software and analyzed by SPSS 19.0 statistical software. The UPLC analysis method was adopted to determine salvianolic acid B and ferulic acid in rat plasma, including linear equation, stability, repeatability, precision and recovery. The established sample processing and analysis methods were stable and reliable, with significant differences in major pharmacokinetic parameters, e.g., area under the curve (AUC), mean residence time (MRT) and terminal half-life (t(1/2)). According to the experimental results, the combined application of SMRR and CR can significantly impact the pharmacokinetic process of their effective components in rats and promote the wide distribution, shorten the action time and prolong the in vivo action time of salvianolic acid B and increase the blood drug concentration and accelerate the clearance of ferulic acid in vivo.
Animals ; Apiaceae ; chemistry ; Benzofurans ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Coumaric Acids ; blood ; pharmacology ; Drug Interactions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry

To obtain the genome sequence of human bocavirus 2 (HBoV2), different regions of HBoV2 genome were amplified through PCR in fecal specimens which had been identified as single-positive for HBoV2 in 2010. A genome sequence of HBoV2 (HBoV2-NC, 5444 bp) was obtained after sequence assembly. The phylogenetic analysis showed that HBoV2-NC had the closest evolutionary relationship with HBoV2 Lanzhou strain. The predication of inverted terminal repeats of HBoV2-NC by DINAMelt showed that inverted terminal repeats were contained in HBoV2-NC 5' terminal, which had the typical stem-loop structure in other parvoviruses. Finally, some flanking sequences of HBoV2-NC were amplified by linker-PCR.
Base Sequence ; Gene Amplification ; Genome, Viral ; Human bocavirus ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Parvoviridae Infections ; virology ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Viral ; chemistry ; genetics ; Terminal Repeat Sequences

OBJECTIVETo investigate the inhibitory effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on E coliinduced prostatitis in rats.

METHODSBMSCs were isolated, cultured and amplified by the attached choice method. Fifty SD rats were randomized into five groups of equal number: normal control, acute bacterial prostatitis (ABP) , chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP), ABP + BMSCs, and CBP + BMSCs, and the animals in the latter four groups were injected with E. coli into both sides of the prostate under ultrasound guidance for 1 - 14 days to induce ABP and for 4 - 12 weeks to induce CBP. The control rats were injected with the same amount of PBS. Two weeks after injection of BMSCs into the prostates, pathomorphological changes in the prostate were observed under the light microscope and the mRNA and protein levels of IL-1β and TNF-α determined by RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively, followed by statistical analysis with SPSS 18.0.

RESULTSHistopathological evaluation showed typical pathological inflammatory changes in the prostates of the rats in the ABP and CBP groups, including glandular structural changes, interstitial edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, and fibrous hyperplasia, which were all remarkably relieved after treated with BMSCs. The mRNA and protein levels of IL-β ([0.829 ± 0.121] and [271.75 ± 90.59] pg/ml) and TNF-α ([0.913 ± 0. 094] and [105.78 ± 19. 05] pg/ml) in the ABP and those of IL-1β ([0. 975 ± 0. 114] and [265. 31 ± 71. 34] pg/ml) and TNF-α ([0. 886 ± 0. 084] and [107. 45 ± 26. 11 ] pg/ml) in the CBP groups were significantly higher than those in the control rats ([0. 342 ± 0.087] and [45.76 17. 99] pg/ml, P <0. 05); ([0.247 ± 0.054] and ([19.42 ± 7. 75] pg/ml, P <0. 01) as well as than those in the ABP + BMSCs ([0. 433 ± 0. 072] and [51. 34 ± 22. 13] pg/ml, P < 0. 05 ) ; ( [0. 313 ± 0. 076] and [28. 38 ± 8. 78] pg/ml, P < 0. 01) and the CBP + BMSCs group ([0.396 ± 0.064] and [56.37 ± 21.22] pg/ml, P <0.05); ([0.417 ± 0.068] and [29.21 ± 10.22] pg/ml, P <0.01).

CONCLUSIONInjection of BMSCs can reduce E coli-induced prostatic inflammation reaction, which.may be associated with its reduction of inflammatory cell infiltration and the expressions of IL-1β and TNF-α in the prostate tissue.

Acute Disease ; Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; physiology ; Chronic Disease ; Escherichia coli Infections ; therapy ; Humans ; Interleukin-1beta ; genetics ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; physiology ; Prostate ; metabolism ; Prostatitis ; metabolism ; microbiology ; therapy ; RNA, Messenger ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo culture rat prostate glandular epithelial cells and study their barrier functions in vitro.

METHODSRat prostate glandular epithelial cells were cultured in vitro. The expression of the tight junction protein claudin-1 was determined by immunohistochemistry, the structure and composition of the epithelial cells observed under the inverted microscope and transmission electron microscope. The transepithelial electrical resistances (TEERs) were monitored with the Millicell system. The permeability of the prostate glandular epithelial cells was assessed by the phenol red leakage test.

RESULTSCompact monolayer cell structures were formed in the prostate glandular epithelial cells cultured in vitro. Immunohistochemistry showed the expression of the tight junction protein claudin-1 and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the formation of tight junctions between the adjacent glandular epithelial cells. The TEERs in the cultured prostate glandular epithelial cells reached the peak of about (201.3 ± 3.5) Ω/cm2 on the 8th day. The phenol red leakage test manifested a decreased permeability of the cell layers with the increase of TEERs.

CONCLUSIONThe structure and function of rat prostate glandular epithelial cells are similar to those of brain capillary endothelial cells, retinal capillary endothelial cells, and intestinal epithelial cells. In vitro cultured prostate glandular epithelial cells have the barrier function and can be used as a model for the study of blood prostate barrier in vitro.

Animals ; Cell Membrane Permeability ; Cells, Cultured ; Claudin-1 ; metabolism ; Electric Impedance ; Epithelial Cells ; pathology ; physiology ; ultrastructure ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Phenolsulfonphthalein ; pharmacokinetics ; Prostate ; metabolism ; pathology ; Rats ; Tight Junctions

Objective To investigate the potential relationship between initial 131Ⅰ uptake by lung metastases from differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and treatment outcomes. Methods From 1997 to 2009, 41 patients with DTC lung metastases were treated in the authors' department. 131Ⅰ whole body scan (WBS), serum Tg levels and other imaging results were analyzed to evaluate the therapeutic effects. Complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) was considered to be effective. The x2 test and correlation analysis were performed using SPSS 11.5 software package. Results 131 Ⅰ treatment was effective in 63% (26/41) patients with DTC lung metastases, CR in 8 patients and PR in 18 patients. In other 37% ( 15/41 ) patients, 131Ⅰ treatment was ineffective, including one case died of distant metastases. Patients with initial presence of 131Ⅰ lung uptake had higher effective rate than those with 131Ⅰ lung uptake during the second or later 131Ⅰ treatment (76% (22/29)vs33% (4/12),x2 =4.911, P=0.027). Also, significantly higher effective rate was found in patients with lung metastases alone than those with extra-pulmonary metastases (75% (24/32) vs 22% (2/9), x2 = 6. 312, P =0.012). However, the effective rate in patients with diffuse metastases was not significantly different from that in patients with focal metastases (67% (12/18)vs 61% ( 14/23), x2 =0. 146, P=0.702). The positive rate of initial 131Ⅰ uptake by lung metastases was higher in patients with total thyroidectomy than those with partial thyroidectomy (83% (24/29) vs 42% (5/12) ). Those positive rates in patients with papilary DTC and patients with follicular DTC were 72% (23/32) and 6/9, respectively. The surgical mode was correlated with the initial 131Ⅰ uptake by lung metastases (r = 0.411, P ＜ 0.05), but no correlation was found between the histological type and the initial 131Ⅰ uptake by lung metastases ( r = 0. 047, P ＞ 0.05 ). Conclusion Initial uptake of 131 Ⅰ by lung metastases alone is a favorable prognostic factor for DTC patients treated by131Ⅰ, and total thyroidectomy may be beneficial for initial 131Ⅰ uptake by lung metastases.

0.05),but the latter was superior to the former in extinction of exanthem.4.B_(19)-DNA clearance of hormone group was 25.0%,that of gamma globulin group was 81.82%,and there was significant difference between 2 groups(P

Objective To investigate the anatomical basic of extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) tendon transferring to extensor pollicis longus (EPL) tendon.Methods Twelve sides of ECRB and EPL in fresh adult cadaver's forearms were collected,and the anatomical model of ECRB transferring to EPL was set up in all the forearms.The anatomical parameters of EPL were measured before and after anatomical model established.Results The effective transferring length of ECRB was (3.5±0.8)cm;the maximum circumferential of ECRB and EPL were (8.5±0.8)cm and (3.6±0.3)cm (P ＞0.05),the ratio of muscle cross-sectional area was 5.57;After the anatomical model setting up,anatomic angles of EPL was (30±7)°,which was a decrease of (20±5) ° comparing with the preoperative angel of (50±9) ° (P ＞0.05);Thumb extension angle was (50± 12) °,which was a decrease of (8±3) ° comparing with the preoperative angel of (58 ± 16) ° (P＜0.05);The dorsal extension angle of first metacarpal was (12±5)o,which was a decrease of (3± 2) o comparing with the preoperative angle (15±8)° (P＞0.05);Thumb tip lifting height was (2.3±0.9) c m,which was a decrease of (1.2±0.6)cm comparing with the preoperative height (3.5±1.2)cm (P ＞0.05).Conclusion Based on the measurement of the anatomic parameters of ECRB and EPL,the ECRB has enough length and muscle force to reconstruct the function of EPL.The thumb had a good extension appearance and accorded with the rule of biomechanics after setting up the anatomical model of ECRB transferring to EPL.This study will provide the anatomical evidence for further clinical application

Objective:To investigate the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in renal tissues of patients with hepatitis B virus- associated glomerulonephritis(HBV-GN).Methods:Twenty HBV-GN specimens with complete nephrology data and 10 normal renal specimens were randomly chosen for the present study.Cell apoptosis was detected by means of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated d-UTP nick end labeling(TUNEL)and the apoptotic index was calculated;immunohistochemistry was used to detect the protein expression of Bax and Bcl-2.ResuLts:The apoptotic index in HBV-GN group was obviously higher than that of the control group;the apoptotic cells were mainly distributed in the proximal and distal renal tubules and the collecting duct epithelial cells,seldom seen in the glomerular cells.The expression of Bcl-2 in HBV-GN patients was predominately present in the renal tubular epithelia cells(positive in the plasma,membrane and nuclear);the expression of Bax was found in both glomerular cells and renal tubular cells,mainly in tubular epithelial cells,seldom seen in Bowman's capsule or glomerular mesangial region.Conclusion:Apoptosis in the kidney of HBV-GN patients mainly occurs in the renal tubular epithelial cells;expression of Bax and Bcl-2 is mainly in the renal tubular epithelial cells,suggesting that the injury of tubular interstitial damage may be one of the important factors for the development of HBV-GN.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical treatment effects of sea buckthorn oil for in different size traumatic perforation of tympanic membrane in different size. METHOD: Prospective, randomized study of 199 outpatients with traumatic perforation of tympanic membrane who were enrolled between December 2012 and December 2014 after informed consent. The patients were divided into treatment group (101 cases) and control group (98 cases). According to the size of the perforations, patients in each group were divided into large perforation group, middle perforation groups and small perforation group. The cases in large perforation group, middle perforation groups and small perforation group were 36, 34, 31 in treatment group and 35, 33, 30 in control group. The patients in treatment group were treated with sea buckthorn oil once a week, while the patient in control group were self-healing and checked once a week. All the patients were followed-up in two months. The healing rate of two groups was applied for the evaluation indicator of clinical effect. We compared the healing rate, average healing time and phological change of tympanic membrane of patients at the first and second month. RESULT: The total healing ratio of patients in treatment group is 62.4% and 79.2% compared with 29.6% and 57.1% in control group at the first and second month (P < 0.05). There is statistical significance between the healing ratios of middle, large perforation groups in treatment group and control group (P < 0.05). There is no statistical significance between the healing ratios of small perforation group in treatment group and control group (P > 0.05). The average healing time of large, middle and small perforation group at the second month are significantly shorter than the control group. CONCLUSION It is better to apply observation method and let it self-healed for small traumatic tympanic membrane perforation according to its higher healing ratio. While, it is better to apply sea buckthorn oil method for middle and large traumatic tympanic membrane perforation according to its lower healing ratios. Sea buckthorn oil treatment is benefitial for increasing the ratio of perforation healing, shorten the healing time, resumpting of the middle ear function earlier, helping most of the patients to avoid operation and the reduce medical expense. Therefore, it is valuable to promote the method in clinical treatment.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Hippophae ; Humans ; Plant Oils ; therapeutic use ; Prospective Studies ; Tympanic Membrane ; injuries ; Tympanic Membrane Perforation ; drug therapy ; Wound Healing ; drug effects

To explore the relationship between the expression of CD133 and pathogenesis of leukemia and MDS, immunocytochemistry method was used to examine the expression of CD133 in bone marrow cells of patients with leukemia and MDS. The results showed that the positive rate of CD133 in 41 acute leukemia patients was 51.2%. The expression of CD133 in AML patients (16/29, 55.2%) was significantly higher than that in control group (2/15, 13.3%). There was no significant difference in CD133 expression between CML and control group. The positive rate of CD133 in 9 patients with MDS was 55.56% (5/9). There was no significant difference between MDS and normal control. The expression of CD133 in all leukemia cells with CD34(+) was higher than that in leukemia cells with CD34(-), and there was significant difference in expression of CD133 between them (P < 0.05). The expression of CD133 had no relationship with the clinical prognostic factors such as sex, age, the percentage of leukemic cells in peripheral blood and in bone marrow, WBC counts, hemoglobin concentration, platelet counts and LDH level. It is concluded that the expression of CD133 in bone marrow cells of patients with AML is higher than that in control group. The expression of CD133 is significantly correlated with the expression of CD34. The high expression of CD133 may be an adverse prognostic factor in acute leukemia.
AC133 Antigen ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Antigens, CD34 ; immunology ; metabolism ; Bone Marrow Cells ; immunology ; metabolism ; Child ; Female ; Glycoproteins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; immunology ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; immunology ; metabolism ; Peptides ; metabolism ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; immunology ; metabolism ; Prognosis ; Young Adult