Objective:To observe the effect of acupuncture on the expression of mitochondrial proteome in hippocampus of senescence-accelerated mouse prone g (SAMPg) mice models with Alzheimer disease (AD),and to explore the possible protective mechanism of acupuncture on mitochondria.Methods:Sixty 6-month-old male SAMP8 mice were randomly divided into an acupuncture at acupoint group,an acupuncture at non-acupoint group and a model group,20 mice in each group.The 20 male senescence-accelerated mouse/resistance 1 (SAMR1) mice of the same age were used as a normal control group.Shenshu (BL 23),Baihui (GV 20),Xuehai (SP 10) and Geshu (BL 17) were selected for acupuncture intervention in acupuncture at acupoint group.After an 8-week intervention,mitochondrial tissues were extracted from the hippocampus.Differentially expressed proteins were identified by subcellular organelle proteomics.Western blot was used to verify the expressions of some related proteins in hippocampal mitochondria.Results:Compared with the model group,there were 13 differentially expressed protein spots in the acupuncture at acupoint group,of which,9 were up-regulated,including neurofilament light polypeptide (NFL),actin (cytoplasmic 1,database ID:ACTB),tubulin beta-2A chain (TBB2A),tropomodulin-2 (TMOD2),pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta (PDHE1-β),NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit (database ID:NDUS1),heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein (HSC71),pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha (PDHE1-α) and ATP synthase beta subunit (ATP-β);4 were down-regulated,including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP),pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase 1 (PDP1),mitochondrial-processing peptidase subunit alpha (MMP-α) and adenosine kinase (ADK).According to the information provided in the protein database,most of the differentially expressed proteins involve the regulation of mitochondrial function and structure.The expression levels of NFL and TBB2A in the normal control group and the acupuncture at acupoint group were significantly higher than those in the acupuncture at non-acupoint group (P＜0.05).ATP-β and NDUS1 expression levels were significantly higher in the acupuncture at acupoint group than those in the acupuncture at non-acupoint group (P＜0.05);there was no significant difference between the acupuncture at non-acupoint group and the model group (P＞0.05).Conclusion:Acupuncture may achieve the potential therapeutic effect on AD by regulating the structure and functional proteins of hippocampal mitochondria.

Methods: Data on demographic characteristics and medical comorbidities of patients who underwent PLF with subsequent readmission were obtained from the HCUP-NRD. The perioperative characteristics that were significantly different between patients readmitted with and without an active diagnosis of IBO were identified with bivariate analysis for both 30-day and 90-day readmissions. The significant characteristics were then included in a multivariate analysis to identify those that were independently associated with 30- day and 90-day readmissions. Results: Drug abuse (odds ratio [OR], 4.00), uncomplicated diabetes (OR, 2.06), having Medicare insurance (OR, 1.65), age 55–64 years (OR, 2.42), age 65–79 years (OR, 2.77), and age >80 years (OR, 3.87) were significant risk factors for 30-day readmission attributable to IBO after a PLF procedure. Conclusions Of the several preoperative risk factors identified for readmission with IBO after PLF surgery, drug abuse had the strongest association and was likely to be the most clinically relevant factor. Physicians and care teams should understand the risks of opioid-based pain management regimens, attempt to manage pain with a multimodal approach, and minimize the opioid use.

Objective To investigate the effect of acupuncture on behaviors and its mechanism of action in a SAMP8 mouse model of Alzheimer disease.Methods Sixty 6-month-old male SAMP8 mice were randomized to acupuncture,model and non--acupoint groups.Twenty male SAMP 1 mice of the same age constituted a normal control group.The acupuncture group received intervention by acupuncture at Shenshu,Baihui,Xuehai and Geshu.After eight weeks,a behavioral test was performed using the Morris water maze in every group of mice.The expressions of Flotillin-1,NEP and Aβ42 in mouse hippocampus were determined by western blot.Results The Morris water maze test showed that as compared with the model group,escape latency shortened significantly (P＜0.05) and the time spent in the former platform quadrant and the number of former platform position crossings increased (P＜0.05) in the acupuncture group of mice;escape latency,the time spent in the former platform quadrant and the number of former platform position crossings had no significant differences in the non-meridian-acupoint group of mice (all P＞0.05).As compared with the model group,Flotillin-1 expression decreased significantly in the acupuncture group (P＜0.05) but had no significant difference in the non-meridian-acupoint group (P＞0.05);NEP expression increased significantly in the acupuncture group (P＜0.05) but had no significant difference in the non-meridian-acupoint group (P＞0.05);Aβ42 expression decreased significantly in the acupuncture group (P＜ 0.05) but had no significant difference in the non-meridian-acupoint group (P＞0.05).Conclusions Acupuncture can markedly improve learning and memory abilities in a SAMP8 mouse model of AD and reduce Flotillin-1 content and upregulate NEP expression in SAMP8 mouse hippocampus to decrease Aβ42 expression,relieve neurotoxicity and produce a neuroprotective effect.

Objective:To assess the anxiolytic effect of Chaimu Anshen granules (CMASG) and investigate its bioactive mechanism. Method:ICR mice were randomly divided into normal group, diazepam group(0.002 g·kg^-1),Jieyu Anshen granules group(0.001 4 g·kg^-1), high, medium, and low-dose (0.001 98,0.000 99,0.000 495 g·kg^-1)Chaimu Anshen granule groups, with 20 mice in each group. To detect the anxiolytic effect of CMASG, mice were intragastrically administered for 4 weeks in the morning, and light-dark box transition test and open field test were performed once the other day. After the behavior tests, blood samples were collected. Six mice of each group were perfused with formalin through heart, and then the brains were fixed for immunohistochemistry test. Hippocampus of the other mice in each group were collected and stored in liquid nitrogen. The content of γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)and glutamic acid(Glu)in hippocampus and blood samples were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the ratio of GABA/Glu was calculated. The expression of GABAα₁ receptor was evaluated by the immunohistochemistry method. To test the hypnosis effect of CMASG, mice were administered intragastrically for 7 days. The sub-threshold dose of pentobarbital sodium in the sleep experiment was tested. Result:Compared with normal group, the light-dark box transitions test demonstrated that low-dose and medium-dose CMASG groups significantly prolonged the duration in light box(P<0.05), and the middle-dose group significantly increased the frequency of entrance to light box(P<0.05). The open field test confirmed that the high-dose CMASG significantly increased the travel distance (P<0.01)and duration(P<0.05) in central region. Further experiments demonstrated that in hippocampus, compared with the normal group, the high-dose CMASG significantly increased the content of GABA (P<0.05), but significantly reduced the Glu content(P<0.01). The high-dose group significantly increased the GABA/Glu ratio(P<0.01). In the blood samples, high-dose CMASG significantly reduced the Glu content(P<0.01), and the high-dose group significantly increased the GABA content(P<0.01)and the GABA/Glu ratio(P<0.01). The immunohistochemical results of GABAα₁ receptor protein in hippocampus showed that the medium-dose CMASG significantly increased the expression of GABAα₁ protein. The sub-threshold dose of pentobarbital sodium on sleep experiments confirmed that the medium-dose CMASG significantly increased the rate of sleep in mice. Conclusion:CMASG showed an anxiolytic effect, and its bioactive mechanism was related with the increase of GABA content, and the decrease of Glu content in hippocampus. Furthermore, it increased the expression of GABAα₁ protein in hippocampus. The changes in content of GABA and Glu in peripheral blood were positively correlated with the changes in hippocampal tissues, which provided reference for clinical diagnosis. CMASG also exhibited an effect in improvement of sleep.

Dry eye is a multifactorial disease, which seriously affect the work and life of patients. Since the pathogenesis of dry eye has not been clarified so far, there is no standard animal model available now. Non-Sjögren syndrome dry eye is one of the main types of dry eye, which requires further research. Studies on dry eye mechanisms have led to the development and improvement of animal models. In this paper, the methods of animal models of non-Sjögren syndrome dry eye, including drug treatments, surgery, exogenous injury, behavioral patterns, changes in diet, are reviewed. In addition,different models are described, the problems are analyzed and perspectives and reflections on future research are offered.

Grade evaluation method of quality constant is a kind of grading method for Chinese medicinal materials and decoction pieces,combining the external morphological index and internal content index. This method was used in this paper for grade evaluation of Gardeniae Fructus. By measuring the morphological and content indexes of 14 batches of Gardeniae Fructus,a method for calculating the quality constant of fruits was established,and the grade evaluation criteria were formed. At the same time,the NO inhibition effect of different grades of Gardeniae Fructus samples on RAW264. 7 cells induced by LPS was determined to investigate the relationship between the quality grade and pharmacodynamics of decoction pieces. The results showed that the quality constants of Gardeniae Fructus decoction piece samples ranged from 1. 46 to 4. 42. If the percentage quality constant ≥80% was classified into first-class,50%-80%as second-class and the rest as third-class,the quality constant was ≥3. 54 for first-class,2. 21-3. 54 for second-class and <2. 21 for third-class Gardeniae Fructus decoction pieces. The pharmacodynamic results showed that the pharmacodynamic intensity was positively correlated with the grade,which also proved the rationality of the grade evaluation method of quality constant.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; standards ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Gardenia ; chemistry ; Mice ; Quality Control ; RAW 264.7 Cells