Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Palatine Tonsil ; surgery ; Tonsillectomy ; instrumentation ; methods

Traditional Chinese medicine market is a typical market with information asymmetry, which may lead to "lemons" problem. Third-Party Certification is efficient path to solve the problem of information asymmetry. For this reason geo-authentic and commodity classes certification seems to be very important. But as we know, information asymmetry happen in the stages of traditional Chinese patent medicines market. So a signaling transfer mechanism, which can deliver the quality signal, is badly needed in TCM market. This paper analysis and design of signaling transfer mechanism based on Third-Party Certification, which called quality prestige index of TCM enterprises (QPITCM). QPITCM can display quality information as a signal run through the TCM market.
Certification ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; economics ; standards ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics ; standards ; Quality Control

Objective To investigated the expression of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)in mouse to rat cardiac xenograft and the effects of leflunomide and cyclosporine.Methods NIH mice and Wistar rats served as donors and recipients respectively.Mouse to rat heterotopic heart transplantation was performed(in the neck).The experiments were divided into 4 groups:CsA group,leflunomide(Lef)group,CsA+Lef group,control group.It was the time of rejection that no pulsation could be detected in the transplanted heart.The expression of ICAM-1 protein in cardiac xenograft tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot in each group.Results The survival time of cardiac xenograft in control group,CsA group,Lef group and CsA+Lef group was (2.17?0.41),(2.50?1.05),(4.17?1.33)and(6.50?2.56)days respectively.The expression of ICAM-1 protein(IOD)in cardiac xenograft tissue in control group,CsA group,Lef group and CsA+ Lef group was 155.40?5.33,150.73?5.13,104.65?6.15 and 29.24?2.76 respectively.Conclu- sion The expression of ICAM-1 protein was strong in mouse to rat cardiac xenograft.The combined use of Lef and CsA can significantly suppress the expression of ICAM-1 protein in the cardiac xenograft.

Organic solvent tolerant microorganism(OSTM) is a novel extremophile and it hasn't been systematically studied until 1980s.Relying on certain mechanisms,the OSTM is able to effectively de-fend and decrease the toxicity from organic solvents,which enable the OSTM to be potentially applied in the industrial fields such as whole-cell catalysis and environmental treatment,etc.The comprehen-sively understanding of the mechanisms involved in organic solvent tolerance of OSTM could be com-bined with genetic engineering in order to modify and optimize the various specifications of OSTM,and further broaden its application in other industrial areas.Latest studies on the tolerant mechanisms of OSTM,in this paper,will be reviewed from four aspects such as vesicle exocytosis and changes of phos-pholipid composition in membrane,etc.Besides,the application of OSTM in whole-cell catalysis and other fields will be introduced.

Standards of commodity classes of Chinese materia medica is an important way to solve the "Lemons Problem" of traditional Chinese medicine market. Standards of commodity classes are also helpful to rebuild market mechanisms for "high price for good quality". The previous edition of commodity classes standards of Chinese materia medica was made 30 years ago. It is no longer adapted to the market demand. This article researched progress on standards of commodity classes of Chinese materia medica. It considered that biological activity is a better choice than chemical constituents for standards of commodity classes of Chinese materia medica. It is also considered that the key point to set standards of commodity classes is finding the influencing factors between "good quality" and "bad quality". The article also discussed the range of commodity classes of Chinese materia medica, and how to coordinate standards of pharmacopoeia and commodity classes. According to different demands, diversiform standards can be used in commodity classes of Chinese materia medica, but efficacy is considered the most important index of commodity standard. Decoction pieces can be included in standards of commodity classes of Chinese materia medica. The authors also formulated the standards of commodity classes of Notoginseng Radix as an example, and hope this study can make a positive and promotion effect on traditional Chinese medicine market related research.
China ; Drug Industry ; economics ; standards ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; economics ; standards ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics ; methods ; standards ; Panax notoginseng ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Phytotherapy ; economics ; methods ; standards ; Plant Roots ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Reference Standards ; Research ; trends

OBJECTIVETo explore the function of vascular endothelial cell (VEC) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) of Xin-blood-stasis syndrome.

METHODSSome vasoactive substances produced by VEC were detected and analyzed in patients with CHD of or without Xin blood stasis syndrome in group A (n=112) and group B (n=108) respectively, also in patients with non-CHD but of Xin-blood-stasis syndrome in group C (n=110), and healthy persons in group D (n=100), including nitric oxide (NO), endothelin (ET), angiotensin H (Ag II), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule -1 (sVCAM-1).

RESULTSThe abnormality degree of ET, Ag II , sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 in various groups showed such a tendency as group A> group B> group D (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), while no significant difference in these criteria between group A and group C was shown (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe vasoactive substances secreted by VEC are closely related to the formation and progression of CHD, and are likely to be important pathological markers of blood-stasis syndrome in CHD.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Coronary Artery Disease ; physiopathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Endothelial Cells ; metabolism ; physiology ; Endothelins ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism

20(Z= -2.117, P=0.034), and between the patients with OD and without OD (Z=-3.089, P=0.002), but PCT was not so between the non-surviror and survivor (Z=-1.307, P=0.191). The serum PCT level correlated with the incidence of organ dysfunction (x~2=14.82, P=0.033) and APACHEII (x~2=12.83, P

To discuss the effective method of decreasing the postoperative recurrence rate of recurrent pterygium.
●METHODS:Totally 126 cases (126 eyes) with recurrent pterygium were randomly divided into A group (56 cases) and B group ( 70 cases ). Group A was treated by pterygium conjunctive reverse transplantation combined with amniotic membrane transplantation, group B was treated by amniotic membrane transplantation. The followed-up time after surgery was 6-24mo.
●RESULTS:ln group A, postoperative 5-7d (average 5. 62± 1. 38d), cornea epithelium was repaired. ln group B, postoperative 7- 10d ( average 7. 38 ± 1. 12d), the corneal wound was healed. There was statistical significant difference between two groups (t = 4. 307,P<0. 05). Three cases recurrence were noted in A therapeutic group (56 cases), the recurrent rate was 5. 4%; Twelve cases recurrence were noted in B compared group (70 cases), the recurrent rate was 17. 1%. There was statistical significant difference between two groups(P<0. 05).
●CONCLUSlON: lt is suggested that pterygium conjunctive reverse transplantation combined with amniotic membrane transplantation is effective in the treatment of recurrent pterygium.

Pharmaceutical market is a typical market with information asymmetry, and which can lead to "lemons" problem. In all developed countries, firms must receive regulatory approval to market a pharmaceutical product. Such administrative department including SFDA, EMA, FDA and so on. Chinese materia medica is a special part of pharmaceutical market in China. The management of Chinese materia medica is a special challenge in China.
Accreditation ; Materia Medica ; economics ; standards ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics ; standards ; Reference Standards ; Social Control, Formal

Adolescent ; Anticonvulsants ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Epilepsy ; drug therapy ; Female ; Fructose ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome