OBJECTIVE: To study the endophytic fungi in the seeds of Gardenia from different regions, identy the strains carried by the seed surface and interior, and compare the treatment effects of different fungicides, to provide reference for the antibacterial treatment before gardenia seed sowing and fungal disease control. METHODS: Plate method was used for the surface and internal detection of Gardenia seeds from 15 countries in China, method of seed dressing was used for seed treatment and disinfection effects of 6 kinds of fungicides is done. RESULTS: Main flora in surface of the seed are genus Fusarium, Mucor, Penicillium, Aspergillus and Rhizopus, Penicillium and Aspergillus are the dominant species.There is no significant difference in this 5 species of the seeds from different places, but significant difference in isolation frequency.Load capacity of the spore range from (6.7±11.5) to (1333.3±230.1) per seed. There is significant difference in spore load from different places.Endophytic fungi inside the seeds are mainly Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor, Rhizopus and etc.There is significant difference in seeds of these fungi, it ranges from (1.7±2.9)% to (58.3±17.6)%. Carrier rate and species of fungal among different habitats are significantly different, discrete frequency of Aspergillus is the highest. CONCLUSION: The six antiseptics provided all have kill and inhibition to Gardenia seed fungus in some extent. Bactericidal effects of carbendazim fernasan and carbendazim are the poorest, and fernasan ziram and oxadixyl mancozeb and evil frost are the best, which can achieve above 95.0%. Suggestion is made to choose fernasan ziram and oxadixyl mancozeb as inhibiting fungus agents of Gardenia seed disinfection treatment.

Antibodies ; analysis ; Biopsy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Disease Progression ; Drug Resistance ; Female ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; analysis ; Kidney Glomerulus ; immunology ; pathology ; Male ; Nephrosis ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Prognosis ; Steroids ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use

The endophytic microorganisms found widely in many kinds of plants mediate various effects to theirs hosts. In this study, seven different dominant endophytes (SDE01 to 07) isolated from a Hy-peraccumulator-Solanum nigrum L. were resistant to Cd2+, and the strain SDE06 survived even in the medium containing 80 mg/L of Cd2+. Bacteria strain SDE06 was identified as Bacillus sp.. The removal of Cd2+ of SDE06 in different conditions were studied. Under the optimal conditions, the incubating time was 36 h, the solution pH 6.0, the temperature was 37?C and the Cd2+ concentration of medium was 20 mg/L, the highest removal rate was up to 80.2% at this condition.

ObjectiveTo survey 0—6 years old disabled children in Guiyang.Methods4 999 children aged 0—6 years old chosen randomly from 9 145 children of 12 blocks were investigated with the disability sampling survey criteria of 1987.ResultsThe rate of disabled children in Guiyang was 1.58%, and was not significantly different compared with that of whole country (1.36%) and other three areas including Siping City (P>0.05),but significantly higher than that of other six districts including Heping district of Tianjin municipality (P<0.05). All kinds of disability found by this survey were separately intellectual disability (0.92%),comprehensive disability (0.28%),limb disability (0.24%),vision disability (0.10%),psychiatric disability (0.03%),and hearing disability (0.02%). Rates of intellectual and vision disabilities were significantly higher than that of whole country ( P>0.05).ConclusionSome diseases are directly relative to occurrence of disability. The poor income of the children family,lower education of his parents and not gotten preschool education were risk factors of disability. The institution based rehabilitation and community based rehabilitation are main rehabilitation forms to disabled children.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the triterpenoids chemical constituents in rhizome of Alisma gramineum.

METHODSilicon gel chromatography and HPLC techniques were employed for isolation and purification of the constituents, and the structures were elucidated by various spectral analyses such as NMR, MS and IR.

RESULT5 protostane-type tetracyclic triterpenoids were isolated and identified as 16,23-oxidoalisol B(1), 11-deoxyalisol C(2), alisol F(3), 16beta-methoxyalisol B acetate (4), 16beta-hydroxyalisol B acetate (5).

CONCLUSIONAll of these compounds were found from A. gramineum for the first time.

Alisma ; chemistry ; Cholestanones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo establish a protocol of automated synthesis of 1-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-[(11)C]methyl-N-(1-methylpropyl)-3-isoquinoline carboxamide ((11)C-PK11195) as the positron-emitter-labeled ligand for peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) using a commercial synthesizer and explore the quality control methods for the resulting product.

METHODS(11)C-methyl iodide ((11)C-CH(3)I) was synthesized via liquid-phase distillation approach using a (11)C-iodomethane synthesizer. (11)C-PK11195 was prepared by (11)C-methylation of 1-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-(1-methylpropyl)-3-isoquinoline carboxamide (N-demethyl-PK 11195) as the precursor with (11)C-CH(3)I and purified by semi-preparative reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The radiochemical purity, chemical purity and stability of the product were evaluated by HPLC, and the toxicity was assessed in normal mice. The factors that affected (11)C-PK11195 synthesis were also studied.

RESULTS(11)C-PK11195 was successfully synthesized using the TracerLab FX(F-N) synthesizer. The synthesis time was about 35 min from the end of (11)C-carbon dioxide production by cyclotron to the end of (11)C-PK11195 synthesis (EOS), with a (11)C-methylation reaction time of 3-4 min. The uncorrected radiochemical yield for (11)C-methylation was (33-/+5)%. Analysis with radio-analytical HPLC showed a radiochemical purity and chemical purity of the product both exceeding 99%, with a specific radioactivity of 30-65 GBq/micromol at EOS (from the end of radionuclide production). The (11)C-PK11195 synthesized was radiochemically stable at room temperature and showed low toxicity in normal mice.

CONCLUSIONThe (11)C-PK11195 injection can be conveniently prepared using an automated synthesizer for clinical use in positron emission tomography.

Animals ; Carbon Radioisotopes ; Contrast Media ; chemical synthesis ; Isoquinolines ; adverse effects ; chemical synthesis ; Mice ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Radioligand Assay ; Radiopharmaceuticals ; adverse effects ; chemical synthesis ; Receptors, GABA-A ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo identify the genetic alterations in nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate (NSCLP).

METHODSComparative genomic hybridization was applied to investigate the genomic imbalance (the gain or loss of genetic material) in 7 cases of NSCLP.

RESULTSIt showed that the loss of chromosome DNA copies happened in chromosome 6, 7, 10, 13, 14, 16, 20, 22 and the gain of chromosome DNA copies happened in chromosome 5, 15, 18, 19. Conclusions 13q had a high frequency (71.4%) of chromosome loss.

CONCLUSIONSAbnormal chromosome DNA copies happen in all the patients with NSCLP. Most of the patients have chromosome DNA copies loss. It suggests that loss of inhibitory gene may be related to the NSCLP. The related inhibitory gene may locate in 13q.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; ethnology ; Cleft Lip ; genetics ; Cleft Palate ; genetics ; Comparative Genomic Hybridization ; DNA ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Humans ; Infant ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the association of TGF-alpha gene Taq I polymorphism and nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) in Chinese.

METHODS107 patients with NSCL/P and 136 healthy controls were examined for TGF-alpha/Taq I genotypes. TGF-alpha/Taq I typing was carried out by digesting the locus specific polymerase chain reaction amplified products with alleles specific Taq I restriction enzyme (PCR-RELP).

RESULTSThe C2 allele frequency of TGF-alpha/Taq I in patients with NSCL/P (16%) was significantly higher than that in healthy controls (8%). The C2 genotype frequency of TGF-alpha/Taq I in NSCL/P patients with positive family history (12.5%) was significantly higher than that in healthy controls.

CONCLUSIONThese findings demonstrate the role of TGF-alpha as a gene of major effects in the development of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate clefts in human. These findings suggest that a family history of clefting may correlate with the TGF-alpha Taq I rare variation.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Cleft Lip ; genetics ; Cleft Palate ; genetics ; DNA ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Taq Polymerase ; metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor alpha ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of post-treatment PSA kinetics on the prognosis of prostate cancer (PCa).

METHODSWe retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 114 cases of locally advanced PCa treated by maximal androgen blockade (MAB) combined with brachytherapy, and analyzed the association of the changes in PSA kinetics with the prognosis of the patients.

RESULTSThe median survival time of the patients was 81 (15 - 144) months, with 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates of 91. 23%, 78.07% and 68.42% , respectively. Univariate analysis indicated that the baseline PSA level, PSA nadir, the time of PSA decreasing to nadir, PSA doubling time, and the extent of PSA declining were all predictive factors for the survival time of the PCa patients. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that PSA nadir, the time of PSA decreasing to nadir, and the extent of PSA declining were three independent prognostic factors, which prolonged the long-term survival of the patients by 1.7, 3.2 and 6.8 times, respectively.

CONCLUSIONFor locally advanced PCa treated by MAB combined with brachytherapy, PSA nadir <1 micro g/L, the time to nadir <3 months, and the extent of PSA declining >96% are independent prognostic factors.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Androgens ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Brachytherapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; metabolism ; therapy ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo develop a high performance capillary electrophoresis method for Citrus aurantium fingerprints to control its quality.

METHODThe background electrolyte (BGE) was an 80 mmol x L(-1) boric acid solution containing 15 mmol x L(-1) borate. The pH of the BGE was adjusted to 9.70 with KOH solution. The detection wavelength was 201 nm and a voltage of 16 kV was applied. The sample hydrodynamic injection was 0.4 ps with a duration time of 8 sec. C. aurantium was extracted by water and a set of capillary electrophoresis fingerprints (CEFP) containing 12 co-possessing peaks was obtained.

RESULTThere were good similarities between the standard CEFP and each set of CEFP of C. aurantium collected from eleven different places, and their similarity coefficients were between 0.973 and 0.996.

CONCLUSIONThe CEFP has acceptable precision, reproducibility and stability and can be used for the quality control of C. aurantium.

Borates ; chemistry ; Citrus ; chemistry ; Electrolytes ; chemistry ; Electrophoresis, Capillary ; methods ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Temperature