OBJECTIVE: Auricularia polytricha is paid great attention to as an anticancer food, of which polysaccharide is an important functional component. The anticancer mechanism of Auricularia polytricha polysaccharide is critically important to its development and usage. METHODS: Five polysaccharides were isolated using counter-current chromatography and DEAE column chromatography from the wild Auricularia polytricha. RESULTS: AAPS1, AAPS2 and AAPS3 were light yellow floc, and AAFRB and AAFRC were white powder. The activities of the 5 polysaccharides on S180 sarcoma cell membrane were analyzed, and they could significantly change the characteristic of the tumor cell membrane, resulting in more free fatty acids. Among the 5 polysaccharides, AAPS2 showed the highest activity. The polysaccharides significantly lowered the levels of sialic acid (SA) in the cell membrane of tumor-bearing mice (P < 0.01), and AAPS2 had the highest activity than those of others. The polysaccharide AAPS2 could significantly alter membrane fluidity (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The anti-tumor mechanism may be related to the membrane glycoprotein and glycolipids chain terminal residues SA, and the peroxidation of lipid in cell membrane. Copyright 2012 by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

OBJECTIVE: To purify polysaccharides from Pteridium revolutum (Blume.) Nakai and determine their relative molecular weights, monosaccharide compositions and immunomodulating activities. METHODS: Crude polysaccharide was extracted from P. revolutum with hot water and then purified by DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow and Sephadex G-200 chromatography column after removing proteins by Seveg method. The immunomodulating activities of the polysaccharides were investigated on macrophage cells RAW264.7. RESULTS: Three homogenous polysaccharides, PRP0, PRP1 and PRP2, were obtained from the crude polysaccharide. Their molecular weights were 1.04×106, 8.39×105 and 7.37×105, respectively. Monosaccharide composition analysis by gas chromatography revealed that all three homogenous polysaccharides were composed of arabinose, fucose, galactose, mannose, glucose, rhamnose, and xylose in different ratios. The crude polysaccharide and three homogenous polysaccharides could promote the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells at the concentration of 12.5-100 μg·mL-1 and significantly induce the production of NO from RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: P. revolutum polysaccharides can improve immunity activity.

Accidents, Occupational ; statistics & numerical data ; Acute Disease ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Occupational Diseases ; epidemiology ; Poisoning ; epidemiology

ObjectiveTo investigate prognostic factors in Stage Ⅲ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)treated with definitive radiation therapy (RT) with PET-CT-based radiotherapy planning. MethodsFifty nine patients with Stage Ⅲ NSCLC treated with radiation therapy of 60 Gy or more were enrolled into this study.The impact of prognostic factors on survival was evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results The following-up rate was 98％.Nineteen patients completed 2 years' followed-up. The overall l-year and 2-year survival rate was 66％ and 37％, respectively, with a median survival time of 17 months. At a univariate analysis, cigarette smoking status, T stage, radiation dose, the standardized uptake value, the gross tumor volume and clinical stage were significant prognostic factors ( x2 =7.46,7. 52,8.37,4. 97,5.82,4. 37, P =0. 006,0. 006,0. 004,0. 026,0. 016,0. 037, respectively ).At multivariate analyses, cigarette smoking status, radiation dose, gross tumor volume and clinical stage were significant prognostic factors ( x2 =6. 20, 9. 69, 6. 39, 10. 09, P =0. 013,0. 002, 0. 011,0. 001,respectively). Conclusions Cigarette smoking status, radiation dose, gross tumor volume and clinical stage are significant prognostic factors on survival in patients with Stage Ⅲ NSCLC treated with RT based on PET-CT radiotherapy planning.

Objective To improve the effect of clinical diagnosis and treatment of acetabular fracture with a femoral nerve injury by analyzing the causes of femoral nerve injury following acetabular fractures.Methods From January 1996 to November 2004,146 cases of acetabular fractures were treated operatively.Six cases of them were complicated with femoral nerve injury.The causes of femoral nerve injury were analyzed on the basis of clinical manifestations,CT scan and 3-dimensional reconstruc- tion.All the cases were classified according to Letournel and Judet classification.Three cases had hema- toma compression (2 cases with double column fractures and 1 with transverse-posterior wall fractures);2 cases had femoral nerve injury caused by fracture fragments (1 case with anterior wall fracture following anterior hip dislocation,the another with old fracture of anterior column combined with fracture of superior ramus of pubis);and one case had anterior column fracture combined with fracture of wing of ilium,and the femoral nerve was injured by traction in operation.Clearance of hematoma,nerve tract decompression and epineuria solution were performed in 5 cases,and 1 case was treated conservatively.Results The average follow-up period was 1.8 years(ranging from 1 to 3 years).The muscle power of quadriceps fem- oris recovered from 1-2 grade before operation to 4-5 grade after operation in 5 cases.The function of ex- tensor knee and gait was normal.The function of sensory completely recovered in 4 cases.One case was followed up for 2 years,which showed the patient still suffered from hypoesthesia in the lower 2/3 of the thigh and the medial of the leg.One ease of traction injury was followed up for 1.2 years,showing the muscle power recovered to normal,but still presented with sensory disability.Conclusion Acetabular fractures associated with femoral nerve injury are rare.For complex acetabular fractures and severe trau- ma,attention should be given to the possibility of femoral nerve injury.Fragment stabbing and compres- sion of hematoma around iliopsoas muscle are the common causes of femoral nerve injury following ace- tabular fractures.Iatrogenic injury should not be ignored.

OBJECTIVETo introduce and evaluate the procedure and the effect of localized management of sinus floor (LMSF), bone graft and simultaneous implant placement with trephine bur in maxillary posterior region.

METHODS24 patients without enough alveolar bone height received LMSF, bone grafting and implants placement were carried out simultaneously.The autogenous bone were harvested by trephine bur in situ. Patients were followed up after 1 week, 1, 3 and 6 month.

RESULTSThere was no implant loose or lost and maxillary antritis. 6 months postoperatively, bone graft reformed to new bone seen in X-ray films, sinus floors were augmented and reached the requirements of dental implants. The implant osseointegrated tightly with new bone which was satisfactory to second-step prosthesis after implant placement of 6 months later.

CONCLUSIONSThe method enlarges the indication of dental implants and avoids operation of harvesting autogenous bone in other site. It is simple and valuable to clinical application.

Adult ; Alveolar Ridge Augmentation ; methods ; Bone Transplantation ; Dental Implantation, Endosseous ; methods ; Dental Implants ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Maxillary Sinus ; surgery ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of desmopressin (DDAVP) on coagulation factor Ⅷ (FⅧ) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) in children with mild hemophilia A.

METHODSEighteen children with mild hemophilia A were enrolled. DDAVP (0.3 μg/kg•d) was injected intravenously for 5 days. Plasma FⅧ levels and APTT were measured before and after DDAVP treatment.

RESULTSIn 16 of 18 children with mild hemophilia A, the bleeding symptoms, including the articular or musclar hematoma, were significantly alleviated as a result of DDAVP treatment. The plasma FⅧ levels increased significantly to (27±4)% and APTT was shortened to (66±10)s 60 minutes after the first dose of DDAVP treatment. The plasma FⅧ remained at the levels of 25%-30% during 3-4 days of DDAVP treatment. Five days after DDAVP treatment, the plasma FⅧ levels decreased [(21±3)%], and APTT was prolonged when compared with 1-4 days of DDAVP treatment.

CONCLUSIONSDDAVP treatment can increase plasma FⅧ levels and shorten APTT in children with mild hemophilia A. DDAVP is effective in the treatment of mild hemophilia A. The duration of DDAVP therapy for mild hemophilia A is recommended as 3 to 4 days.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin ; therapeutic use ; Factor VIII ; analysis ; Hemophilia A ; blood ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Partial Thromboplastin Time

OBJECTIVETo investigate the value of endoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of sialolithiasis.

METHODSDiagnostic and interventional sialoendoscopic procedures were performed in 52 patients with sialolithiasis (43 submandibular glands and 9 parotid glands).

RESULTSOf the 34 sialoliths in the anterior and/or posterior part of the Wharton's duct, 24 were removed with basket retrieval; 2 removed with open surgery and basket retrieval, and 8 removed with open surgery under the guidance of endoscopy. Eight sialoliths in the hilum of the Wharton's duct were treated with open surgery. Of the 9 stone cases in the Stensen's duct, 3 was removed with basket retrieval, 3 was removed after opening-up of the ostium, 1 was treated with basket capturing and open surgery. The obstructive symptoms were improved in these cases during 1-24 months' follow-up.

CONCLUSIONSSialoendoscopy is a minimal invasive and efficacious technique for the diagnosis and treatment of sialolithiasis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Lithiasis ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Salivary Calculi ; surgery ; Submandibular Gland ; Submandibular Gland Diseases ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo introduce and evaluate the procedure and the effect of maxillary sinus lift with closed technique by Summers osteotome, bone grafting and simultaneous implant placement.

METHODS66 cases with severely resorbed alveolar bone in maxillary posterior region received sinus lift with Summers osteotome, simultaneously bone grafting and implants placement. The final restoration was finished at 6 months postoperatively.

RESULTSThe operation procedure were eventless in the 66 cases, the sinus floor were elevated by 2-5 mm, three-dimensional reconstruction of the CT scan pictures showed the smooth dome profile of the lifting sites and no signs of laceration on the membrane, and there were no maxillary antritis after operation. After 6 months, no significantly bone graft resorption and good osseointegration were noticed in X-ray imaging. The final restoration was finished at this time. 12-24 months after the restoration, all implants inserted were remain, the hard and soft tissue were healthy, prosthesis were stable and functioned. X-ray showed good osseointegration in the lifting sites, the vertical resorption around the implants were less than 1 mm.

CONCLUSIONWith properly use of Summers osteotome, scraps of the bone in the implant sockets can be pushed into the sinus, these autogenous bone scraps were in favor of the osseogenesis and the sinus floor can be easily elevated by the method with very infrequent complications. It enlarged indication of dental implants and avoided operation of harvesting autogenous bone in other site. The method is simple and valuable to clinical application.

Adult ; Alveolar Bone Loss ; Bone Transplantation ; Dental Implantation, Endosseous ; Dental Implants ; Humans ; Male ; Maxilla ; Maxillary Sinus ; Middle Aged ; Osseointegration ; Osteotomy ; Sinus Floor Augmentation

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of sirolimus-based immunosuppression administered on heart transplant recipients with chronic renal dysfunction.

METHODSFrom June 2004 to December 2008, standard calcineurin inhibitors (CNI)-based immunosuppressive regimen was changed to reduced-dose CNI plus sirolimus due to CNI-related chronic renal dysfunction in 20 out of 138 cardiac transplant recipients at Fuwai Hospital. The standard immunosuppressive regimen included steroid, CNI (cyclosporine or tacrolimus), and mycophenolate mofetil or azathioprine. Sirolimus was started at 0.75 - 1.50 mg/d with titration to achieve levels of 5 - 15 µg/L, and CNI dose was reduced gradually to 1/2-2/3 of the baseline level. Patients were followed for changes in renal function, lipid level and clinical side effects related to immunosuppressive therapy. Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) was performed routinely at 3 weeks, 3, 6 and 12 months after transplantation. EMB was also performed at 3 months after regimen change within 1 year post-transplantation or when rejections were suspected in patients beyond 1 year post-transplantation. Echocardiography was performed for monitoring purpose.

RESULTSThe mean follow-up after regimen change was (7.9 ± 6.3) months. Final sirolimus dose was (0.89 ± 0.22) mg/d and blood drug level was (7.6 ± 3.8)µg/L. Cyclosporine dose was reduced from (191.7 ± 60.0) mg/d to (123.6 ± 34.8) mg/d, with blood drug concentration reduced from (175.5 ± 58.0) µg/L to (111.9 ± 56.0) µg/L in 18 patients (P < 0.01). Tacrolimus average dose was reduced from 4.25 mg/d to 3.00 mg/d, with blood drug concentration reduced from 13.5 µg/L to 10.5 µg/L in 2 patients. Serum creatinine level fell from (160.4 ± 25.5) µmol/L to (134.4 ± 26.8) µmol/L (P < 0.01) and urea nitrogen fell from (13.8 ± 4.7) µmol/L to (10.4 ± 3.0) µmol/L (P < 0.01) at one month after regimen change. Twenty two EMBs were performed in 11 patients within 1 year post-transplant, there were 4 episodes of acute rejected (ISHLT grade 2). Twenty patients are all alive and cardiac function was normal. The most common side effect was hyperlipidemia, and triglycerides, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein levels were significantly increased at 1 month post regimen change (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Leukocyte, hemoglobin and platelet as well as liver function remained unchanged at 1 month post regimen change (all P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONOur results show that change from CNI-based immunosuppressive regimen to reduced-dose CNI plus sirolimus is an effective and safe approach for the management of patients with CNI-related chronic renal dysfunction, leading to an improvement in renal function without compromise in anti-rejection efficacy and with tolerable side effects.

Calcineurin Inhibitors ; Female ; Heart Transplantation ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Sirolimus ; therapeutic use