Objective: To evaluate the association between the 894G>T polymorphism of nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) gene and the susceptibility to prostate cancer. Methods: A computer-based online search was performed by using Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBase, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrasrtucture), Wanfang database and VIP database. The case-control studies were selected according to defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. After quality evaluation and data abstraction, a Meta-analysis was performed by using STATA 12.0 software. Odds ratio (OR) of the association between NOS3 894G>T and prostate cancer susceptibility was pooled. Then the subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis and publication bias test were performed. Results: A total of 5 case-control studies were eligible for this analysis, including 3 078 cases and 3 677 healthy controls. Meta-analysis showed that NOS3 894G>T polymorphism didn't increase the risk of prostate cancer [TT vs GG, OR = 0.95, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.80-1.14; TT vs GT, OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.73-1.05; TT+GT vs GG, OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.97-1.18; TT vs GG+GT, OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.77-1.09]. In the subgroup analysis of ethnicity, NOS3 894G>T polymorphism didn't increase the risk of prostate cancer in Europeans (TT vs GG, OR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.73-1.04; TT vs GT, OR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.71-1.02; TT+GT vs GG, OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.90-1.11; TT vs GG+GT, OR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.72-1.02). Conclusion: NOS3 894G>T polymorphism is not associated with the prostate cancer susceptibility as well as in Europeans. Copyright © 2014 by TUMOR.

Objective: To compare the clinical characteristics and prognosis between the misdiagnosed and mistreated patients and the correctly diagnosed and treated patients with osteosarcoma. Methods: The clinical records of patients with osteosarcoma who received misdiagnosis and unplanned therapy (n = 30) and those who received correct diagnosis and therapy (n = 60) between January 2007 and February 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. The follow-up time was 6-60 months. The factors including gender, age, tumor location, Enneking's surgical staging, Karnofsky performance status score, pathological type, surgical procedure, tumor size, tumor necrosis rate, frequency of adjuvant chemotherapy, local recurrence rate, and lung metastasis rate were compared between the two groups. The two-year survival rate was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method. Results: No significant differences between the two groups were found in terms of gender, Enneking's surgical staging, Karnofsky performance status score, tumor location, pathological type, surgical procedure, frequency of adjuvant chemotherapy, time to local recurrence and time to lung metastasis (P > 0.05). The proportions of patients aged 30 years or more (46.7% vs 11.7%, P < 0.001), having a tumor's diameter of 10 cm or more (50.0% vs 23.3%, P = 0.011), and having tumor necrosis rate lower than 90.0% (80.0% vs 60.0%, P = 0.016) were significantly higher in the misdiagnosed and mistreated group than in the correctly diagnosed and treated group. The local recurrence rate (33.3% vs 10.0%, P = 0.006) and the lung metastasis rate (63.3% vs 43.3%, P = 0.037) in the misdiagnosed and mistreated group were also significantly higher than those in the correctly diagnosed and treated group. The median survival time and the two-year survival rates of the misdiagnosed and mistreated group and the correctly diagnosed and treated group were 25.5 (95% confidence interval: 7.1-58.9) months and 38.0 (95% confidence interval: 12.2-55.0) months, and 83.3% and 63.3%, respectively (P = 0.025; P = 0.036). Conclusion: The patients with osteosarcoma aged 30 years or more were more likely misdiagnosed as having benign diseases. Misdiagnosis and unplanned therapy for osteosarcoma can result in higher local recurrence rate and lung metastasis rate as well as a poor prognosis. Copyright © 2012 by TUMOR.

AIM: To discuss the clinical applications of methods to localize nasal cut ends and the effects of Z-plasty in the surgeries for lower eyelid longitudinal laceration combined with lower lacrimal canaliculi disruption.
METHODS: From September, 2010 to October, 2013, a total of 37 patients ( 37 eyes ) with lower eyelid longitudinal laceration combined with lower lacrimal canaliculi disruption were operated for anastomosis of lacrimal canaliculi disruption and suture of lower eyelid longitudinal. Different methods to search for the nasal cut ends of lacerated lacrimal canaliculi, such as “under a microscope directly”, “guided by probing needle” and“pigtail curved probe”. Then, to repair lower eyelid longitudinal laceration with Z-plasty transposition flaps. Follow up was 3mo~2a after operation.
RESULTS: All nasal cut ends could be found successfully on 37 patients;Lacrimal duct unobstructed in 31 patients (83. 8%), improved in 5 patients (13. 5%), invalid in 1 patient (2. 7%),the overall successful rate was 97. 3%; the eyelids repair was satisfactory, small scars, the appearance and function was normal.
CONCLUSION: The nasal cut ends can be found successfully by “directly under a microscope”, “guided by probing needle” and“pigtail curved probe”;the effect of silicone drainage tube used as lacrimal canaliculi bracket is satisfactory; most patients gained excellent recovery for both appearance and function after Z-plasty.

Objective: To evaluate the association between a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of 309 T/G in the promoter of murine doubleminute 2 (MDM2) gene and the susceptibility of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: A computer-based online search was performed by using Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBase, China National Knowledge Infrasrtucture (CNKI), Wanfang database and VIP database. The case-control studies were selected according to defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. After quality evaluation and data abstraction, a meta-analysis was performed by using STATA 12.0 software. The odds ratio (OR) of the association between MDM2 SNP 309T/G and NSCLC susceptibility was calculated. Then the subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis and publication bias test were performed. Results: A total of 8 case-control studies were eligible for this analysis, including 5 343 NSCLC patients and 6 652 healthy controls. Meta-analysis showed that MDM2 SNP 309GG could significantly increase the risk of NSCLC [TT vs GG, OR = 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CD = 0.62-0.96; GT vs GG, OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.75-0.92; TT+GT vs GG, OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.75-0.91]. In the subgroup analysis of ethnicity, MDM2 SNP 309GG could significantly increase the risk of NSCLC for Asian people [TT vs GG, OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.52-0.73; GT vs GG, OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.67-0.90; TT vs GG+GT, OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.59-0.86; TT+GT vs GG, OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.63-0.84]. In the subgroup analysis of gender, MDM2 SNP 309GG could significantly increase the risk of NSCLC for female population [TT vs GG, OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.54-0.91; GT vs GG, OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.54-0.90; TT+GT vs GG, OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.55-0.89]. Conclusion: MDM2 SNP 309GG may be a potential biomarker for NSCLC risk, particularly for Asian people and women. Copyright© 2014 by Tumor.

OBJECTIVETo test the corrosion behavior of three kinds of dental casting alloys and to investigate the effect of the released metal ions on the DNA damage of dog buccal mucosal cells.

METHODSThree kinds of frequently used dental casting alloys were used to make full crowns for dogs. The concentration of the released metal ions was measured after the restoration of 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months and 3 months. The DNA damage of buccal mucosal cells was studied by the method of SCGE.

RESULTSThe metal ions released from NiCr and NiCrBe were detected in buccal mucosal cells while the amount of the ions released from noble alloy (gold 58%) was too small to be detected. The DNA damage of mucosal cells increased after restoration of NiCr and NiCrBe crowns.

CONCLUSIONThe noble alloy (gold 58%) is most corrosion resistant of the three alloys and has good biocompatibility. The NiCr and NiCrBe are prone to corrode and have cytotoxicity to cells.

Alloys ; Animals ; Corrosion ; Crowns ; DNA Damage ; Dental Alloys ; Dogs ; Gold ; Ions ; Mouth Mucosa

Objective To explore and evaluate the effect of short messaging service (SMS) education on health behavior of adolescent patients with hypertension.Methods Fifty adolescent patients with hypertension were divided into the experimental group and the control group according to random number table method,with 25 cases per group.The patients in the control group received routine education,which meant that the patients were gave a real-time face-to-face verbal education by the full-time education nurses basing on the information collected when they went to hospital,including knowledge of the disease,diet,exercise,drugs,emotional response and so on.The patients in the experimental group were gave SMS education in a planned way for three months by nurses basing on the education contents of control group.The health behavior of patients were assessed and compared before and after the intervention by using the Health Bel~avior Scale.Results The total score of health behavior of the experimental group was (95.72 ± 4.23),and that of the control group was (76.08 ± 3.77),the difference was statistically significant between the two group (t =17.172,P ＜ 0.01).The scores of self-realization,health responsibility,stress management,interpersonal relationship,nutrition and exercise in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group [(30.24 ± 2.42) vs (23.56±2.26),(18.44±1.74) vs (15.60±1.76),(14.68±1.25) vs (9.92±1.35),(12.04±1.43)vs (10.80 ± 1.08),(13.08 ± 1.55) vs (11.80 ± 1.22),(7.24 ± 1.54) vs (4.40 ± 1.32),respectively],theses differences were statistically significant between the two groups (t =10.095,5.754,12.933,3.462,3.237,7.007,respectively; P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The implement of SMS education on health behavior in adolescent patients with hypertension can help patients develop good health behaviors,and effectively control blood pressure.

OBJECTIVETo examine the time trends of perinatal mortality and the frequency of birth defects occurring in perinatal deaths, and to provide a national perspective on the impacts of congenital anomalies on perinatal mortality from 1990 through 2001.

METHODSData were from Chinese Birth Defects Monitoring network-a hospital-based congenital anomalies registry system. During 1990 - 2001, all live or still births with 28 weeks of gestation or more, born in monitoring units, were studied within 7 days after delivery. The proportion of perinatal deaths due to birth defects, which was defined as the number of perinatal deaths associated with congenital anomalies per 100 perinatal deaths, was calculated by birth area (urban versus rural), geographic-economic status (coast areas, inner land areas and remote areas), to evaluate the impacts of birth defects on perinatal mortality.

RESULTSPerinatal mortality declined from 22.85 per 1000 in 1990 to 13.26 per 1000 in 2001, which showed a significant downward trend. Similar trend was also observed in the rate of stillbirth and the ratio of early neonatal death. However, the proportion of perinatal deaths due to birth defects had an increasing trend although the perinatal birth defects-specific death rate was declining, especially during 1996 - 2001. This result was also seen in urban and rural area, in coast regions, in inner land regions and in remote regions of China. Higher rate of birth defects occurring in perinatal deaths was observed in urban area than in rural area. Significant difference of this rate was also found among different geographic-economic regions, with the highest one in inland regions.

CONCLUSIONBirth defects were accounted for an increasing proportion of perinatal deaths in China, and had become one of the major causes of perinatal deaths.

China ; epidemiology ; Congenital Abnormalities ; classification ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant Mortality ; trends ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Risk Factors ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo study the epidemiological features of transverse cleft and its multiple congenital anomaly (MCA) patterns in China.

METHODSFrom 1987 through 1992, hospital-based cluster sampling method was adopted for collecting data. During that period all live or stillbirths with 28 weeks of gestation or more were assessed within 7 days after delivery.

RESULTS94 cases of transverse facial cleft were identified among 4,489,692 births, so the prevalence rate of transverse facial cleft at birth was 0.21/10(4). The prevalence rates in urban areas and in rural areas were 0.20/10(4) and 0.23/10(4), respectively. And the rates in male and female births were both 0.21/10(4). 69 cases occurred with other malformations, among which the anomalies of ear were the most frequent association (53.6%). The perinatal fatality rate was 46.9%, a significant difference of fatality rate was found between isolated forms (16.0%) and associated forms of transverse facial cleft (58.0%).

CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence rate of transverse facial cleft in China is more than the estimated rate. No significant differences are found between urban and rural areas, and between male and female births. Most of transverse facial clefts are associated forms, often as one feature of other syndromes.

China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Maxillofacial Abnormalities ; epidemiology ; Pregnancy

OBJECTIVETo study the trend of under 5 years old children mortality and the leading cause of the deaths in China from 1996 to 2000.

METHODSThe data presented in this report were obtained from the national child mortality surveillance network, including 116 counties (cities) throughout China. The target population was all children under 5 years old in the monitored areas whose mothers or fathers had resided in the area for at least one year. The data were collected and reported by health workers at the three-level network.

RESULTSThe neonatal mortality rate (NMR), infant mortality rate (IMR) and under 5 years old mortality rate (U(5)MR) in China dropped to 22.8, 32.2, 39.7 per 1,000 live births in 2000, respectively (they were 24.0, 36.0, 45.0 respectively in 1996), which declined 5.0%, 10.6%, 11.8% from 1996 to 2000, respectively. In urban areas, NMR, IMR and U(5)MR dropped to 9.5, 11.8, 13.8 per 1,000 live births in 2000, respectively (they were 12.2, 14.8, 16.9 respectively in 1996), which declined 22.1%, 20.3%, 18.3% from 1996 to 2000, respectively. In rural areas, NMR, IMR and U(5)MR dropped to 25.8, 37.0, 45.7 per 1,000 live births in 2000, respectively (they were 26.7, 40.9, 51.4 respectively in 1996), which declined 3.4%, 9.5%, 11.1% from 1996 to 2000, respectively. There was a steady decline in the U(5)MR due to diarrhea, pneumonia, neural tube defects and drowning in China.

CONCLUSIONIn urban/rural areas, the overall decline in NMR, IMR and U(5)MR from 1996 to 2000 was spectacular. Especially the U(5)MR due to avoidable deaths such as pneumonia and diarrhea was dropped markedly in rural areas.

Cause of Death ; trends ; Child Mortality ; trends ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Fetal Death ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Mortality ; trends ; Infant, Newborn ; Rural Population ; statistics & numerical data ; Urban Population ; statistics & numerical data

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of amifostine on elderly acute leukemia patients receiving chemotherapy.Methods Fifty-eight patients with acute leukemia treated with chemo-therapy and amifostine were recruited in this study and then divided into two groups, 28 cases in elderly group (≥60 years) and 30 cases in control group (<60 years).All the patients were given amifostine 600 mg· m-2 through intravenous injection 15 to 30 minutes prior chemothe-rapy for 4 cycles.The data of the influence of amifostine on chemotherapy-induced adverse reactions as well as patients′blood pressure were compared in two groups.Results There was no statistical difference in incidence rates of chemotherapy -induced adverse reactions in two groups (P>0.05).After chemotherapy, there were 82 (80.4%) and 102 (80.3%) cases showing decreasing systolic blood pressure in elderly group and control group, respectively, and 71 ( 69.6%) and 83 ( 62.9%) cases showing decreasing diastolic blood pressure ( P >0.05).Conclusion The application of amifostine on elderly acute leukemia patients who has received chemotherapy is safe and could relieve chemotherapy-induced adverse reactions.