Glaucoma is the first leading cause of irreversible blindness and the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. Numerous studies have shown that elevated intraocular pressure ( IOP ) is one of the major risk factors for the development and progression of glaucomatous optic nerve damage. However, there have been 50% of primary open-angle glaucoma ( POAG ) patients with typical glaucomatous optic neuropathy in whom the IOP measurements have always been in the normal range, and some patients develop typical glaucomatous optic neuropathy with the well controlled IOP. These phenomena cannot be explained by the theory of high intraocular pressure. The pathogenesis of glaucomatous optic nerve damage in these patients with normal IOP needs to be further discussed. Numerous studies at home and abroad have shown that: 1. the surrounding anatomy of the optic nerve including the IOP, the anatomy and biomechanics of the lamina cribrosa and retrobulbar orbital cerebrospinal fluid pressure may be of importance for the pathogenesis of the POAG;2. patients with normal tension glaucoma had significantly lower cerebrospinal fluid pressure and a higher trans - lamina cribrosa pressure difference compared with normal subjects; 3. patients with ocular hypertension had significantly higher cerebrospinal fluid pressure, however, there is no difference in trans -lamina cribrosa pressure compared with normal subjects. Based on the above research, now we make a review about the research advance of the relation between intracranial pressure and glaucoma optic nerve damage and the available measurements about noninvasive intracranial pressure in clinical in this paper.

Drug therapy is one of the efficient methods for prostate cancer treatment. However, drug resistance greatly hindered the treatment of prostate cancer patients. Herein, the mechanisms of drug resistance in prostate cancer have been exhaustively reviewed, and that can provide an alternative strategy and new targets for anti-prostate cancer therapy.
Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; drug therapy

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the content determination of muscone in Aiweixin oral liquid. METHODS:After extracting sample by butanol,GC-MS was performed on the column of BD-17 MS with the volume temperature of 270 ℃;the carrier gas was helium with the sample size of 1 μl at the flow rate of 10 ml/min;the split ratio was 20∶1. EI was ion source with the electron energy of 70 eV,ion source temperature of 230 ℃ and quadrupole temperature of 150 ℃;the tuning mode was automatic tuning by quality full scanning with the threshold value of 30 in the range of 30-600 aum. RESULTS:The linear range of muscone was 12.216-61.08 ng(r=0.999 6);RSD of precision test was lower than 2% and the RSDs of reproducibility and stability tests were lower than 3%;the average recovery was 100.24%(RSD=1.58%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:The method is sensitive, rapid and simple,and can be used for the content determination of muscone in Aiweixin oral lipid.

Humans ; Metals ; Microwaves ; adverse effects ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; analysis ; Workplace

Objective The purpose of this study was to develop a high-throughput micro-plate radiobinding assay (RBA) of glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GAD-Ab) and to evaluate its clinical application. Methods 35labeled GAD65 antigen was incubated with sera for 24 h on a 96-well plate, and then transferred to the Millipore plate coated with protein A, which was washed with 4℃ PBS buffer, and then counted by a liquid scintillation counter. The GAD-Ab results were expressed by WHO standard unit (U/ml). A total of 224 healthy controls, 162 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM) and 210 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2DM) were recruited. A total of 119 TI DM and healthy cases with gradually changing GAD-Ab levels were selected to compare the consistency of micro-plate RBA with conventional radioligand assay (RLA). Blood samples were obtained from the peripheral vein and finger tip in 32 healthy controls, 35 T1DM and 24 T2DM patients, and tested with micro-plate RBA and then compared with the conventional RLA to investigate the reliability of finger tip sampling. Linear correlation,student's t-test, variance analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were performed using SPSS 11.5. Results (1) The optimized conditions of micro-plate RBA included 2 μl serum incubated with3 ×104 counts/min 35S-GAD for 24 h under slow vibration, antigen-antibody compounds washed 10 times by 4℃ PBS buffer, and radioactivity counted with Optiphase Supermix scintillation liquid. (2)The intra-batch CV of the micro-plate RBA was 3.8%- 10.2%, and the inter-batch CV was 5.6%- 11.9%. The linearity analysis showed a good correlation when the GAD-Ab in serum samples ranged from 40.3 to 664 U/ml and the detection limit of measurement was 3.6 U/ml. The results from Diabetes Autoantibody Standardization Program (DASP) 2005 showed that the sensitivity and specificity for GAD-Ab were 78% (39 positive among 50 new-onset T1DM) and 98% (2 positive among 100 healthy controls). The results of GAD-Ab obtained with micro-plate RBA and RLA were closely correlated (r=0.915,P<0.001) with a high concordance level of 97.5% and a Kappa value of 0.95. (3)TI DM and T2DM patients showed higher positive rates for GAD-Ab than the healthy controls(46.9% and 5.2% vs 0.89% ,X2=123.5 and 10. 1 ,P <0.001 and <0.01, respectively). (4)The consistency of GAD-Ab measurement with RBA using finger tip blood and RLA measurement using venous blood was 96.7% (r =0.946,P <0.001, Kappa value: 0.905). Conclusions The micro-plate RBA of GAD-Ab has high sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility, and can be measured with finger tip blood sampling. It might be a better alternative for clinical practice.

Abstract?AlM:To investigate the choice of different treatments for malignant glaucoma.? METHODS: ln this retrospective case series, 21 malignant glaucoma patients ( 21 eyes ) admitted in Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command from May 2012 to May 2013 were analyzed. Sixteen eyes ( 76%) developed malignant glaucoma after filtration surgery, 3 eyes ( 14%) after EX - PRESS glaucoma filtration device, 2 eyes ( 10%) after glaucoma filtration Ahmed valve implantation. Main Outcome of corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure ( lOP ) , anterior chamber depth and complications were detected.?RESULTS: lOP recovered by drug control in 13 eyes, anterior chamber depth. Four eyes were treated by vitreous water- bag aspiration combined with anterior chambers reconstructing. Two eyes were treated by cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation. Two eyes were treated by posterior capsule excision combined with anterior vitrectomy. lOP before and after treatment was 29. 81±4. 98, 12. 71±3. 77mmHg, respectively (P=0. 00). Anterior chamber depth before and after treatment was 0.41± 0. 34, 2. 13 ± 0. 54mm, respectively (P = 0. 00). Corrected visual acuity before treatment was 0. 19 ± 0. 17, after treatment was 0. 20±0. 16 (P= 0. 36). Except for vitreous hemorrhage in 1 eye, there were no ocular or systemic adverse events observed in all patients.? CONCLUSlON: lt is good to diagnose malignant glaucoma in early period, and treated it step by step. For this can reduce lOP and restore anterior chamber.

Objective: To access the clinical effect of orthodontic treatment in patients with extraction of mandible first molar. Methods : Nineteen patients (three male and sixteen female) with extraction of mandible first molar because of caries, periapical disease were collected as experimental group. The age was 21.37 ± 5.07. Nineteen patients (seven male and twelve female) with extraction of four premolar as control group, The age was 20.42 ± 4.23. All the patients were treated with orthodontic space closure using MBT preadjusted appliance and sliding mechanics PAR index and cephalomertics that were compared before and after orthodontic treatment. Results : The two groups’ reduction in weighted PAR score and each of the PAR score differences were statistically significant (P<0.01). There was no significant difference between the two groups after treatment in PAR. There were significant changes in U1-NA (°)、U1-NA(mm)、U1-SN(°), but not in the rest of the value in experimental group (P<0.01). The L1-NB(°)、 L1-NB (mm) was significant difference before and after treatment. Extraction spaces of mandible first molars were closed (P<0.01); Good occlusal relationships and soft tissue profiles were achieved in all cases. Conclusion If the mandibular first molars have serious caries or periapical lesions, removal of mandibular first molar, making full use of the mandibular third molar and keeping health premolars for orthodontic treatment could receive satisfactory results.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the non-ionizing radiation hazards from physiotherapy equipment in medical institutions and to explore feasible control measures for occupational diseases.

METHODSOn-site measurement and assessment of ultra-high-frequency radiation, high-frequency electromagnetic field, microwave radiation, and laser radiation were carried out in 16 medical institutions using the methods in the Measurement of Physical Agents in Workplace (GBZ/T189-2007).

RESULTSAll the investigated medical institutions failed to take effective protective measures against non-ionizing radiation. Of the 17 ultra-short wave therapy apparatus, 70.6%, 47.1%, and 17.64% had a safe intensity of ultra-high-frequency radiation on the head, chest, and abdomen, respectively. Of the 4 external high-frequency thermotherapy apparatus, 100%, 75%, and 75%had a safe intensity of high-frequency electromagnetic field on the head, chest, and abdomen, respectively. In addition, the intensities of microwave radiation and laser radiation produced by the 18 microwave therapy apparatus and 12 laser therapeutic apparatus met national health standards.

CONCLUSIONThere are non-ionizing radiation hazards from physiotherapy equipment in medical institutions, and effective prevention and control measures are necessary.

Electromagnetic Fields ; Humans ; Microwaves ; adverse effects ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; statistics & numerical data ; Physical Therapy Modalities ; instrumentation ; Radiation, Nonionizing ; adverse effects

Objective:To investigate the effect of thrombus burden on the clinical outcome of endovascular recanalization in large vessel occlusive stroke.Methods:Patients with acute anterior circulation occlusion who underwent endovascular treatment within 24 hours after onset in Zhengzhou University People′s Hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 were retrospectively collected. According to the clot burden score (CBS) of DSA, total objectives were divided into CBS≥6 group (24 cases) and CBS<6 group (38 cases). Clinical data of the two groups were collected and the modified Rankin scale (mRS) was used to evaluate the clinical outcome at 90 days after surgery. Independent sample t-test, Wilcoxon rank sum test and χ 2 test were used to compare the clinical data between the two groups. Independent risk factors affecting the clinical outcome were analyzed by binary logistic regression. Results:There were no statistically significant differences in basic demographic data, stroke risk factors and other factors between the CBS≥6 group and CBS<6 group ( P>0.05).The proportion of using tirofiban after surgery in the CBS≥6 group (63.2%, 24/38) was lower than that in the CBS<6 group (87.5%, 21/24) (χ2=4.380, P=0.044). The discharge NIHSS score of the CBS≥6 group was [5.0 (3.3, 7.8) points] lower than CBS<6 group [8.5 (1.8, 14.5) points] ( Z=5.221, P=0.022). The proportion of postoperative mRS 0-2 was (91.7%, 22/24) in the CBS≥6 group higher than CBS<6 group(39.5%, 15/38) (χ2=20.486, P=0.001), there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups ( P<0.05). The results of binary logistics regression analysis showed the CBS groups (OR=0.042, 95%CI 0.007-0.244 , P=0.001) was an independent risk factor affecting good outcome. Subgroup analysis of whether tirofiban was used or not showed there was no statistically significant difference in clinical prognosis between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The clinical outcome of CBS≥6 group is significantly better than that of CBS<6 group, and patients with small thrombus burden are more likely to get a good clinical outcome of 90 days.

Objective To investigate plasma glutathione S-transferase(GSTs) activity and GSTP1 gene Ile105Val polymorphism in Bijie City, Guizhou Province, a coal-burning fluorosis endemic area. Methods One hundred and sixty villagers from Yachi Twon using non-improved cooking stoves were selected as the non-intervened group in Bijie City, Guizhou Province where coal-burning fluorosis was prevailing; 153 villagers as the intervented group were chosen from Changchun Twon, where cooking stoves were improved; 151 villagers were served as the control group from Baiyunshan Twon, Changshun County without endemic fluorosis. The activity of GSTs was tested by colorimetric analysis with spectrophotometer. The genotype of the GSTP1 gene Ile105Val polymorphism, presenting as either homozygous wild-type (AA), or heterozygous mutation type (AG), or homozygous mutation type (GG), was detected through the PCR-RFLP procedure. Results The activity of GSTs in plasma of non-intervened group [(12.44±4.97) kU/L]was significantly lower than that of intervened group (P < 0.05), and that of intervened group[(20.78±6.20)kU/L]was significantly lower than that of control group[(24.30±6.27)kU/L, P< 0.05]. The difference of the enzyme activity of three groups were statistically significant (F = 51.71, P < 0.05), but this enzyme activity did not vary significantly in each sex of each grnup(P > 0.05). Compared intervened group [AA:67.3%(103/153), AG:29.4%(45/153),GG:3.3%(5/153)]and non-intervened group[AA:66.9%(107/160), AG:30%(48/160), GG:3.1%(5/160)]with control group[AA:74.8%(113/151), AG:25.2%(38/151), GG:0 (0/151)], the Ile105Val polymorphism site of GSTP1 gene had significant difference(χ2= 6.04,6.07, both P< 0.05), but not significant between intervened and non-intervened groups(χ2 = 0.02, P>0.05). Conclusions Fluorosis can decrease the activity of GSTs and introduce the GSTP1 gene Ile105Val polymorphism, intervention with the fluorine intake will improve the effect of fluoride on the body.