Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is an autosomal dominantly inherited disease associated with germ-line mutations in mismatch repair genes and microsatellite instability. This article reviews the molecular biology and clinical pathology of HNPCC.
Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis ; diagnosis ; genetics ; pathology ; DNA Mismatch Repair ; Humans ; Microsatellite Instability

Adult ; Anti-HIV Agents ; therapeutic use ; Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension ; HIV ; pathogenicity ; Hepacivirus ; pathogenicity ; Hepatitis B virus ; pathogenicity ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; drug therapy ; virology ; Male ; Sulfonamides ; therapeutic use

Objective To separate and amplify Hantaan virus(HV)in serum of hemorrhagic fever patients with renal syndrome(HFRS)in Heilongjiang,and look for its difference from intemational standard type strain(76-118strains).Methods HVs of different phase in the 8erum of 50 HFRS patients were separated and amplified by RTnested-PCR,its products were analyzed the amplified by sequencing.Results Detectable rate of HV in the patients serum was 36.36%(8/22)in 7 days after onset,it Was 13.04%(3/23)in patients having an onset 8 days to 14 days earlier,5 cases were not detectable 15 days after onset.Comparing the sequence of HV S gene fragment,sample 1,9,18,31,37,38,44 strain had a homology of 90.24%,86.72%,89.97%,89.16%,86.45%,87.26%and 89.43%to 76-118 strains,respectively.Conclusions The positive rate is the highset in 7 days after onset.Nucleotide sequence difference exists between pathogenic strain of Heilongjiang's HV and international standard strain,indicating that not only hosts but also locations can affect HV.

Objective To evaluate the pharmacodynamics of saikosapo-nin d ( SSd) in the treatment of hepatoma model rat.Methods Sixty SD rats with succeed modeling were randomly divided into model group ( n=20 ) , experimental group ( n=20 ) and control group ( n=20 ) , 20 SD rats without modeling were conducted to placebo group.The experi-mental group was treated with SSd 10 mg? kg -1 once a day, the control group was treated with thalidomide 200 mg? kg -1 once a day, the place-bo group and model group were treated with 0.9% NaCI 2 mL once a day.Liver function index were compared by Biochemical analysis me-thod, proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA) and MKI-67 gene en-codes nuclear protein(Ki-67) were compared by immunohistochemistry after 6 weeks.Results Compared with the model group, liver function index as well as the expression of PCNA and Ki-67 of the control group and the experiment group were lower (P<0.05).Compared with the control group, liver function index with expression of PCNA and Ki-67 of the experiment group were lower ( P<0.05).Pathological display:the pathological sections of the liver in the placebo group showed that the structure of the normal liver was complete, the liver cells were neat, the liver cells were arranged regularly, and the nu-cleus was clear.The model group showed that the tumor foci were in the shape of the necrosis, and the structure of the normal liver was destroyed, and the white nodules were the liver cancer cells.A small amount of low malignant degree, focal necrosis of cancer cells and fewer mitoses could be observed in control group, a small amount of blood and rare mitotic figures could be seen in the experiment group.Conclusion SSd can significantly improve liver function, repair the damage of liver cells, and reduce protein expression of PCNA and Ki-67 in model rats.

OBJECTIVETo review the updated research progress about the application of echocardiography in resynchronization treatment of chronic heart failure patients.

DATA SOURCESThe data used in this review were from PubMed, published in English and using the key terms "heart failure", "echocardiography" and "cardiac resynchronization therapy".

STUDY SELECTIONRelevant articles were reviewed and selected to address the stated purpose.

RESULTSIncreasing numbers of studies have suggested the importance of echocardiography in resynchronization treatment of chronic heart failure patients. Echocardiography can evaluate atrioventricular, inter- and intra-ventricular mechanical dyssynchrony before cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), as a guidance to assess the optimal left ventricular (LV) pacing location, optimize the atrioventricular and interventricular delays and predict response to CRT.

CONCLUSIONSEchocardiography is both non invasive and easily repeatable, and plays a crucial role in appraisal of heart synchronism, instruction of actuator placement, optimization of the device procedure, and prediction of the response to CRT.

Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy ; methods ; Echocardiography ; methods ; Heart Failure ; diagnostic imaging ; therapy ; Humans ; Radiography

Objective To investigate the prevalence change of drinking water type of endemic fluorosis and the effect of control measures implemented in Huangyuan county of Qinghai province. Methods In 2009, all the endemic fluorosis villages in Huangyuan county were divided into two degrees, light and medium, according to the water fluorosis content before implementing the improving water project, 1 to 2 villages were selected from each degree village, respectively,as monitoring sites, and a total of 3 villages were selected. Source water and tap water samples were collected from each village and water fluoride concentration was determined. Dental fluorosis of all children aged 8 to 12 of monitoring villages was examined, and urine samples were collected by age group of children for determination of urinary fluoride. Clinical skeletal fluorosis of adults over 16 years of age was examined, and 20 copies of adults urine samples were collected to determine urinary fluoride. One village was selected in the 3 villages monitored to conduct X-rays examination of skeletal fluorosis. Water fluoride was tested in accordance with the "Non-metallic Targets Test Methods for Drinking Water" (GB/T 5750.6-2006); urinary fluoride was tested by fluoride ion-selective electrode method (WS/T 89-1996); dental fluorosis was diagnosed using Dean method;adult skeletal fluorosis was diagnosed by "Clinical Diagnostic Criteria for Endemic Skeletal Fluorosis"(WS 192-2008). Results Twelve water samples were assayed, water fluoride was (0.35 ± 0.43) mg/L. The detectable rate of dental fluorosis of 122 children aged 8-12 was 34.43%(42/122) and the geometric mean urinary fluoride was 0.89 mg/L of the 96 children. Of the 834 adults aged 16 and over, clinical detection of skeletal fluorosis was 47.72% (398/836) and geometric mean urinary fluoride was 1.10 mg/L of the 65 cases of adult urine samples assayed, detection rate of X-rays was 31.4% (11/35) in Gangou village of the 35 adults examined.Conclusions In Huangyuan county, water fluoride of the 3 surveyed villages are normal but the endemic fluorosis is still serious. It should strengthen monitoring and analyze the causes and improve prevention measures.

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical and pathological features, diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of primary small intestine malignant tumor.

METHODSA retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data from the 120 cases of primary small intestine malignant tumor.

RESULTSAbdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding, anemia, abdominal mass and jaundice were the main clinical features. The pathology was confirmed by abdominal X-ray, gastrointestinal barium, CT, MRI, endoscopy and surgical exploration. Most tumors originated in the duodenum (54.1%), and adenocarcinoma (55.8%) was the main pathological type. The median survival time of the patients was 19.2 months and the 1-year survival rate was 55.4%. Chemotherapy did not seem to significantly improve the 1-year survival rate of the patients (P=0.842).

CONCLUSIONPrimary small intestine malignant tumors lack specific clinical manifestations and surgical resection should be performed as early as possible.

Adenocarcinoma ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; surgery ; Intestine, Small ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies

Objective To evaluate the change of treatment gap of epilepsy after intervention in rural areas of China.Method Six months after being stopped from the intervention project in 2004,using the same method as the first survey at the baseline,a door-to-door epidemiological survey was conducted again in 5 rural areas where the intervention measures had been carried out for about 3 years.Results Three hundred and twenty cases of epilepsy were diagnosed in the total sample population,yielding a prevalence rate of 0.62% and the prevalence of active epilepsy 0.44%.The prevalence and the active prevalence of epilepsy in the survey in 2000 were 0.70% and 0.46% respectively.Of the people with epilepsy,39.1% were treated regularly which increased about 14% than that in the baseline survey (24.8%).The treatment gap for active epilepsy was 49.8%,which decreased by 12.8% than that in the first survey (62.6%). Conclusion The treatment gap of epilepsy in the demonstration areas has decreased remarkably,proving that the intervention measures used in the study are effective and feasible in rural areas of China.

To study the effects of Qingdai compound on proliferation and apoptosis of K562 cells, as well as the expression of bcr/abl and JWA mRNA, K562 cells were treated in culture with different concentrations of Qingdai compound (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 20 mg/ml) and harvested at 24 hours. Then morphological changes were observed by light microscopy (LM); expressions of bcr/abl and JWA were detected with semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The results showed that morphological changes were observed as the increment of the Qingdai compound concentration. Inhibition effects on proliferation and apoptosis in K562 cells were seen. A concentration-dependent decreases were found in bcr-abl and JWA mRNA expression of K562 cells. Qingdai compound partially inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of K562 cells. Expressions of both bcr/abl and JWA, which took part in cell proliferation and apoptosis, were down-regulated in a dose dependent manner. In conclusion, Qingdai compound can partially inhibit the expressions of bcr/abl and JWA genes in K562 cells, and the clinical effect of Qingdai compound on CML may be associated with apoptosis of leukemic cells.
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl ; genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; drug effects ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; genetics ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; genetics ; K562 Cells ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expressions of leptin and leptin receptor in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and explore the clinicopathological significance.

METHODSThe expressions of leptin and leptin receptor were examined by immunohistochemistry in 81 HCC patients undergoing curative tumor resection. The correlations between the expression of two biomarkers and the clinicopathological factors were analyzed.

RESULTSThe overexpression rate of leptin and leptin receptor in HCC was 56.8% and 35.8%, respectively. No significant correlation was observed between their overexpression (r=0.236, P=0.034). Leptin receptor overexpression was significantly correlated to the tumor size and TNM stage (P<0.05), but not to age, body mass index, α-fetoprotein, hepatitis B surface antigen status, tumor grade, vascular invasion, or liver cirrhosis (P≥0.05). Leptin overexpression showed no significant correlations to the above clinicopathological factors (P≥0.05).

CONCLUSIONLeptin receptor overexpression may have an inhibitory effect on hepatocellular carcinoma. The expression status of leptin receptor decides the action of leptin and leptin receptor after their binding.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Leptin ; metabolism ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Receptors, Leptin ; metabolism